• Epidemiological studies link organophosphorus pesticide (OP) exposures to asthma, and we have shown that the OPs chlorpyrifos, diazinon and parathion cause airway hyperreactivity in guinea pigs 24 hr after a single subcutaneous injection. (environmentportal.in)
  • Children's exposure to chlorpyrifos and parathion in an agricultural community in central Washington State. (cdc.gov)
  • Pino N., Peñuela G., Simultaneous degradation of the pesticides methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos by an isolated bacterial consortium from a contaminated site. (dormaj.org)
  • Saini R., Kumar P., Simultaneous removal of methyl parathion and chlorpyrifos pesticides from model wastewater using coagulation/flocculation: Central composite design. (dormaj.org)
  • The results revealed that the components of proteins, carbohydrates and ninhydrine positive substances were found to be decreased significantly at different time intervals of methyl parathion exposure to different tissues of fish compared to control. (ijpsr.com)
  • Read about Jennifer's work at the Tar Creek Superfund site, with methyl parathion exposure, and in community health education. (cdc.gov)
  • After an insect (or a human) ingests parathion, an oxidase replaces the double bonded sulfur with oxygen to give paraoxon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Absorbed parathion is rapidly metabolized to paraoxon, as described in Insecticidal activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parathion in the air is rapidly transformed by sunlight and ozone into a degradation product, paraoxon, a substance more toxic than parathion. (cdc.gov)
  • People who ingested parathion either intentionally or in contaminated food, who were exposed during application of · In water, reaction with other chemicals and with sunlight produces the pesticide to fields, or who entered areas that had been paraoxon. (cdc.gov)
  • Parathion metabolism was efficient in PB-microsomes (Km values for 4-nitrophenol and paraoxon formation were 13 microM and 10 microM, respectively) and in the reconstituted system (corresponding Km values were 19 microM and 14 microM). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Percutaneous Absorption of Parathion and Paraoxon. (epa.gov)
  • The main target of parathion toxicity is the nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • In water, parathion can be degraded by sunlight and by The main target of parathion toxicity is the nervous system. (cdc.gov)
  • At any toxicant concentration, an increase in food density reduced the toxicity of methyl parathion to rotifers. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Algal food density had a significant influence in reducing the toxicity of methyl parathion to B. patulus under both acute and chronic toxicity test conditions. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It was found that wild-type mice were protected from the toxicity of 12.5 mg/kg parathion applied subcutaneously. (nebraska.edu)
  • Based on animal studies, parathion is considered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be a possible human carcinogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • The EPA has classified parathion as a possible human carcinogen. (cdc.gov)
  • Parathion is an organophosphorus pesticide no longer used or produced in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Parathion is the common name of a formerly used organophosphorus insecticide used in the United States and is still available in other countries to control sucking and chewing insects and mites in a wide variety of crops. (cdc.gov)
  • The effect of an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide, methyl parathion on the behaviour of a freshwater air breathing teleost fish, the Climbing perch, Anabas testudineus was studied. (environmentportal.in)
  • Parathion affects the function of the nervous system and exposure to high amounts can cause death. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies of agricultural workers suggested that long-term exposure (i.e., years) to low-to-moderate amounts of parathion may be associated with allergic asthma, hearing loss, alterations of the thyroid gland, and diabetes. (cdc.gov)
  • A study of agricultural workers suggested that exposure to parathion may be associated with increased risk of skin cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has been widely used to determine exposure to parathion. (cdc.gov)
  • The exposure of fish to the sub-lethal concentrations of the toxicant methyl parathion was investigated and the variations were observed in biochemical contents in different tissues of the fish i.e. gill, liver, intestine, muscle and brain. (ijpsr.com)
  • Thus, our present investigation reports that the changes observed were depending on period of exposure of fish to the concentration of methyl parathion. (ijpsr.com)
  • Degradation of parathion leads to more water-soluble products. (wikipedia.org)
  • C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2 + H2O → HOC6H4NO2 + (C2H5O)2P(S)OH Degradation proceeds differently under anaerobic conditions: the nitro group on parathion is reduced to the amine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because parathion is no longer produced or used in the United States, and due to environmental degradation processes, it is likely that neither the general population nor workers are exposed to parathion in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Weber J., Kurková R., Klánová J., Klán P., Halsall C. J. Photolytic degradation of methyl-parathion and fenitrothion in ice and water: Implications for cold environments. (dormaj.org)
  • Parathion absorption rates through the skin on various bodily regions. (ufl.edu)
  • C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NO2 + 6 H → (C2H5O)2P(S)OC6H4NH2 + 2 H2O Parathion is a cholinesterase inhibitor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion and locally[clarification needed] known as "Folidol", is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. (wikipedia.org)
  • The present work was planned to study the effect of methyl parathion an organophosphate compound (OP) on biochemical contents of fresh water cat fish Heteropneustis fossilis . (ijpsr.com)
  • The EPA terminated most production of parathion as of December, 2002. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies show that parathion is toxic to fetuses, but does not cause birth defects. (wikipedia.org)
  • We do not know whether parathion can produce birth defects in children. (cdc.gov)
  • Pure parathion is a white crystalline solid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pure methyl parathion is crystalline and white. (unep.org)
  • Safety concerns have later led to the development of parathion methyl, which is somewhat less toxic. (wikipedia.org)
  • In water, parathion can be degraded by sunlight and by microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • sprayed too soon after application of this substance suffered excessive eye watering and salivation, blurred vision, · In soil, parathion can be degraded by chemical reactions, sunlight, stomach cramps, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, tremors, and and microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus the constants for P450 inactivation and for parathion metabolism were similar and were at least 15-fold greater than the Ki values for the reversible process. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), has not classified parathion as to its carcinogenicity. (cdc.gov)
  • The population growth of the rotifer Brachionus patulus was studied under a combination of different concentrations of Chlorella vulgaris and methyl parathion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • AU - Sarma,S S, AU - Nandini,S, AU - Flores,J L, PY - 2001/2/13/pubmed PY - 2001/5/22/medline PY - 2001/2/13/entrez SP - 190 EP - 5 JF - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety JO - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf VL - 48 IS - 2 N2 - The population growth of the rotifer Brachionus patulus was studied under a combination of different concentrations of Chlorella vulgaris and methyl parathion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Here we report for the first time that low concentrations of parathion potently and reversibly inhibited, but did not inactivate, 2B1. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In contrast, the previously described inactivation process occurred only at considerably higher parathion concentrations, at which concentrations enzyme activity was already extensively inhibited. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Breathing very low levels that may still be present in air in Parathion is the common name of a formerly used agricultural regions. (cdc.gov)
  • Parathion has been found in at least 20 of the 1,832 current and former National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • Parathion caused cancer of the adrenal cortex in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Parathion caused parathion or its metabolites cannot predict the kind of health cancer of the adrenal cortex in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • At low concentration, parathion was a competitive inhibitor of 2B1-mediated androstenedione 16 beta-hydroxylation (Ki = 0.44 +/- 0.07 microM) and of 7-pentylresorufin O-depentylation (Ki = 0.40 +/- 0.03 microM) in microsomes from PB-pretreated rats and was similarly effective against androstenedione 16 alpha- and 16 beta-hydroxylation catalyzed by purified 2B1. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The researchers administered parathion to neonatal rats. (environmentportal.in)
  • Parathion acts on the enzyme acetylcholinesterase indirectly. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, two distinct components of the inhibition of the phenobarbital (PB)-inducible P450 2B1 by parathion were characterized. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Parathion is synthesized from diethyl dithiophosphoric acid (C2H5O)2PS2H by chlorination to generate diethylthiophosphoryl chloride ((C2H5O)2P(S)Cl), and then the chloride is treated with sodium 4-nitrophenolate (the sodium salt of 4-nitrophenol). (wikipedia.org)
  • In June 1984, methyl parathion (phosphorothioic acid, O, Odimethyl O[4nitrophenyl] ester) was applied at 1.4 kg a.i./ha to a cultivated field in Skagit Valley, Washington. (tamu.edu)
  • Methyl parathion is stable at pH 1-7, but undergoes rapid decomposition in alkaline media at pH 8-9. (unep.org)
  • The spraying of methyl parathion did not significantly reduce hatchability of the starling eggs. (tamu.edu)
  • People who ingested parathion either intentionally or in contaminated food, who were exposed during application of the pesticide to fields, or who entered areas that had been sprayed too soon after application of this substance suffered excessive eye watering and salivation, blurred vision, stomach cramps, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, tremors, and seizures, and some died. (cdc.gov)
  • Children who accidentally ate parathion or had skin contact with high amounts of parathion suffered the same effects seen in adults exposed to high amounts of parathion (excessive secretions, stomach cramps, diarrhea, tremors, and seizures). (cdc.gov)
  • This Skin Notation Profile provides the SK assignments and supportive data for methyl parathion. (cdc.gov)
  • Decontamination of Human Skin from Parathion. (epa.gov)
  • Parathion was used as a chemical warfare agent, most notably by an element of the British South Africa Police attached to the Selous Scouts during the Rhodesian Bush War. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1. The documentation provided by European Community in support of its final regulatory action on methyl parathion was circulated for consideration at the first meeting of the Chemical Review Committee in document UNEP/FAO/PIC/CRC 1/19/Add.4. (pic.int)
  • A study of Chinese male workers suggested that parathion may be associated with low sperm count. (cdc.gov)
  • In MC voles, the female appeared to be two- to three-fold more sensitive to methyl parathion than the male. (epa.gov)
  • Parathion does not build up to a significant extent in the body of animals that live in parathion-contaminated water. (cdc.gov)
  • The breathing rate, rate of feeding, performance of sustained swimming behaviour against water current and the learning ability were severely curtailed in the fish exposed to 5 mg/L of methyl parathion. (environmentportal.in)
  • The EPA also terminated the registration for the few remaining parathion products effective on December 21, 2006, which was the last date parathion could be used legally in the U.S. (cdc.gov)
  • Parathion and its breakdown products (metabolites) can be cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are inactivated in suicidal fashion during microsomal parathion oxidation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about parathion. (cdc.gov)
  • How can parathion affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • The massive use of Methyl Parathion (MP) in the agriculture sector, has caused a setback to the environment and also has resulted in serious public health. (dormaj.org)