• The name chromaphil is given to the tissue because the cells forming it contain granules which, in the presence of chromium salts, stain to any tint between bright yellow and dark brown. (co.ma)
  • They are present in the islet beta cell secretory granules. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • It has the ability to induce and promote the generation of secretory granules such as those containing insulin within pancreatic islet beta cells. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Annexin A7 is a Ca 2+ - and phospholipid-binding protein, which was isolated as the agent that mediated aggregation of chromaffin granules and fusion of phospholipid membranes in the presence of Ca 2+ . (biomedcentral.com)
  • A group of leukocytes , called granulocytes , contain granules and play an important role in the immune system . (cloudfront.net)
  • The granules of certain cells, such as natural killer cells , contain components which can lead to the lysis of neighboring cells. (cloudfront.net)
  • These granules, unique to the platelets, are a subtype of lysosome-related organelles (LROs), a group that also includes melanosomes, lamellar bodies of the type II alveolar cells, and lytic granules of cytotoxic T cells. (cloudfront.net)
  • Beta cell with insulin granules, which are the dark black spots surrounded by a white area called a halo. (cloudfront.net)
  • Insulin granules are secretory granules, which can release their contents from the cell into the bloodstream. (cloudfront.net)
  • These mast cells contain many granules, themselves containing histamine, serotonin and heparin, a naturally occurring anticoagulant. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • t. cells contain zymogen granules. (en-academic.com)
  • Recently, miRNA exocytosis by vesicle fusion in response to stimulation was observed in chromaffin cells, which are neuroendocrine cells in the sympathetic nervous system ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The medulla arises from ectoderm, which also gives rise to the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • There are (i.) a series of isolated masses, the paraganglia, associated singly or in groups with the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system, (ii. (co.ma)
  • The adrenal medulla, composed of chromaffin cells, secretes the hormone epinephrine, also called adrenaline, in response to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system at times of stress. (funtrivia.com)
  • Neuroblastoma is a relatively common pediatric pathology of the sympathetic nervous system. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • The pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans are the regions of the pancreas that contain its endocrine (hormone-producing) cells, discovered in 1869 by German pathological anatomist Paul Langerhans . (wikipedia.org)
  • However, many adrenal glands are removed en bloc as part of a radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma . (medscape.com)
  • Adrenocortical adenoma  encapsulated, expansile, yellow tumors, lipid-rich cells, adjacent adrenal cortex and contralateral adrenal glands are atrophic b/c of suppression of endogenous ACTH by high cortisol levels. (docsbay.net)
  • The adrenal glands regulate metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, and even response to stress by synthesizing and secreting steroid hormones in the bloodstream. (anatomy.app)
  • this observation demonstrates that vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells, in a manner similar to hormone secretion. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review focuses on the mechanisms by which vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells and will discuss potential functions of vesicle-free miRNAs and how vesicle-free miRNAs regulate cell-to-cell communication. (frontiersin.org)
  • The objective of this review is to discuss how miRNAs are released by active exocytosis and to examine the physiological functions of vesicle-free miRNAs in neuroendocrine cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • It is a precursor to several functional peptides such as pancreastatin, vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, parastatin and catestatin, all of these peptides have the ability to negatively modulate the neuroendocrine function nearby cells (paracrine response) or releasing cell (autocrine response). (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Behavioral endocrinology is the study of hormonal processes and neuroendocrine systems that influence or regulate behavior. (conferenceseries.com)
  • the spleen and the glomus coccygeum, which are associated with the circulatory system. (co.ma)
  • The stomach , pancreas , and spleen are located in front of the left adrenal gland, while the left crus of the diaphragm is behind the left gland. (anatomy.app)
  • The distribution of the masses of tissue forming the system is shown in Fig. 1053. (co.ma)
  • The paraganglia are rounded masses of chromaphil tissue, 1-3 mm. in diameter, placed inside, half inside, or immediately outside the capsules of the ganglia of the sympathetic system. (co.ma)
  • Extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas develop in the paraganglion chromaffin tissue of the nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • The most primitive endocrine systems seem to be those of the neurosecretory type, in which the nervous system either secretes neurohormones (hormones that act on, or are secreted by, nervous tissue) directly into the circulation or stores them in neurohemal organs (neurons whose endings directly contact blood vessels, allowing neurohormones to be secreted into the circulation), from which they are released in large amounts as needed. (tomsk.ru)
  • The autonomic nervous system controls cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue. (openstax.org)
  • The transcription of Isn2 and Gcg in pancreatic tissue was downregulated, which indicated that the function of ß-cells and α-cells was impaired. (bvsalud.org)
  • For individuals surviving initial infection, T. gondii tachyzoites respond to the host immune response by converting to bradyzoite-filled tissue cysts in the central nervous system, muscles, and other tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • :928 Each islet is separated from the surrounding pancreatic tissue by a thin fibrous connective tissue capsule which is continuous with the fibrous connective tissue that is interwoven throughout the rest of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is up to 15 times more than in exocrine tissue of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cell groups are separated from each other with connective tissue. (anatomy.app)
  • adenomatoid t. a small benign t. of the male epididymis and female genital tract , consisting of fibrous tissue or smooth muscle enclosing anastomosing glandlike spaces containing acid mucopolysaccharide lined by flattened cells that have ultra-structural characteristics of mesothelial cells. (en-academic.com)
  • brown t. a mass of fibrous tissue containing hemosiderin-pigmented macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, replacing and expanding part of a bone in primary hyperparathyroidism . (en-academic.com)
  • neoplastic cells are frequently palisaded at the periphery of the small groups, and the latter have a tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue . (en-academic.com)
  • These SK channels are abundant in the nervous system, where they mediate slow after-hyperpolarizations that modulate excitability. (conicyt.cl)
  • Along with the nervous system, the endocrine system coordinates the activities of cells in different organs and tissues to control physiological parameters or generate system-wide responses to environmental changes. (tomsk.ru)
  • The production of hormones in the endocrine system can be regulated by the concentration of certain molecules or ions (e.g. glucose, calcium) or by the nervous system which allows for integration of external stimuli or input from higher parts of the brain. (tomsk.ru)
  • The hypothalamus is a component of the central nervous system and regulates the release of hormones from cells in the pituitary. (tomsk.ru)
  • The pituitary gland is the central organ of the endocrine system as it provides an interface between the nervous system and cells in several different organs and tissues. (tomsk.ru)
  • Neurons in central nervous system control the release of hormones from the pituitary which provides an access point for environmental stimuli to alter physiological parameters in the body. (tomsk.ru)
  • The posterior pituitary contains the axons of neurons whose cell bodies reside in the hypothalamus which is part of the central nervous system. (tomsk.ru)
  • In general the nervous system responds rapidly to short-term changes by sending electrical impulses along nerves and the endocrine system brings about longer-term adaptations by sending out chemical messengers called hormones into the blood stream. (tomsk.ru)
  • The initial response of both cats may include spitting, fighting and spine tingling yowling - all brought about by the nervous system. (tomsk.ru)
  • Some of the cells of these endocrine glands are derived from nerve cells that migrated during the process of evolution from the nervous system to various locations in the body. (tomsk.ru)
  • The nervous system can be divided into two functional parts: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. (openstax.org)
  • The somatic nervous system causes contraction of skeletal muscles. (openstax.org)
  • The somatic nervous system is associated with voluntary responses (though many can happen without conscious awareness, like breathing), and the autonomic nervous system is associated with involuntary responses, such as those related to homeostasis. (openstax.org)
  • The autonomic nervous system regulates many of the internal organs through a balance of two aspects, or divisions. (openstax.org)
  • In addition to the endocrine system, the autonomic nervous system is instrumental in homeostatic mechanisms in the body. (openstax.org)
  • His body's reaction is the result of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system causing system-wide changes as it prepares for extreme responses. (openstax.org)
  • To coordinate all these responses, the connections in the sympathetic system diverge from a limited region of the central nervous system (CNS) to a wide array of ganglia that project to the many effector organs simultaneously. (openstax.org)
  • The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system influences the various organ systems of the body through connections emerging from the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord. (openstax.org)
  • High parasite burdens were observed in all tissues except the central nervous system, and toxoplasmosis with severe protozoal steatitis was the primary cause of death for all cases. (frontiersin.org)
  • The "string art" outside the Drexel College of Medicine Bookstore in East Falls isn't string at all-it's the real nervous system of Harriet Cole, who left her body to Hahnemann in. (biofrontierlab.com)
  • These tumors arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (medscape.com)
  • EPO-secreting tumors EPO-secreting tumors Polycythemia Vera , such as renal cell carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a tumor that arises from the lining of the renal tubular system within the renal cortex. (lecturio.com)
  • Gland cells and their intertwined vascular beds can be controlled by autonomic innervation and by hormones from other glands. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Thyroid hormone also must be classified as an insulin counterregulatory hormone because it increases the rate of fuel consumption and also increases the sensitivity of the target cells to other insulin counterregulatory hormones. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Information in the endocrine system is transmitted through several small molecules, peptides and proteins that function as hormones. (tomsk.ru)
  • These hormones are released by cells in one part of the body, enter the circulatory system to distribute throughout the body and bind specific receptors in other cells. (tomsk.ru)
  • Some hormones produced by the pituitary directly alter the behavior of specific cells in tissues to generate physiological changes, whereas other pituitary hormones trigger cells in other organs to release hormones which change cell behavior. (tomsk.ru)
  • Cells in the pituitary produce many different hormones. (tomsk.ru)
  • Some regulate the biochemical and physiological activity of other cells while others stimulate cells in other parts of the body to release their own hormones. (tomsk.ru)
  • In both cases, the hormones released from the pituitary change key physiological parameters and/or alter system-wide behavior. (tomsk.ru)
  • The anterior pituitary or adenohypophysis is a collection of cells that secrete hormones to control the activities of cells in other endocrine organs. (tomsk.ru)
  • In general Endocrine system is represented by a set of heterogeneous structure and origin of formations capable of internal secretion, ie the release of biologically active substances (hormones) that flow directly into the bloodstream. (tomsk.ru)
  • and it should not be surprising that the endocrine glands and associated hormones of the human endocrine system have their counterparts in the endocrine systems of more primitive vertebrates. (tomsk.ru)
  • Endocrine Glands The endocrine system consists of a group of glands and organs that regulate and control various body functions by producing and secreting hormones. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Endocrinology is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases and its specific secretions known as hormones, growth promotion and malignancy. (conferenceseries.com)
  • The endocrine system acts through chemical messengers known as hormones which are produced by specialized glands. (winmeen.com)
  • Hormones produced in the pancreatic islets are secreted directly into the blood flow by (at least) five types of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cells of the adrenal cortex are classified into three types that produce specific hormones, and they are arranged in three layers or zones . (anatomy.app)
  • These hormones affect metabolism, increase blood glucose levels, and take part in regulating the immune system. (anatomy.app)
  • The most common secretory mechanism is merocrine, in which secretion-filled intracellular vesicles release their contents by fusing with the cell membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Other secretory mechanisms include holocrine (in which the gland cell membrane disintegrates to release its secretion), apocrine (in which the ends of the gland cells pinch off, carrying the secretion), and direct active transport of particular molecules across the gland cell membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Islet beta cells express both the GLP-1R and the GIPR, and insulin secretion is an established mechanism by which incretin agonists improve glycemic control5. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we first found that both leptin (10 nM) and TNF-α (20 ng/ml) significantly inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of INS-1E cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Similarly, we found that TNF-α has the same inhibitory effect on leptin in regulating insulin synthesis and secretion, and the survival and apoptosis of insulin cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The cortex consists of cells arranged into three zones: the outer zona glomerulosa, the middle zona fasciculata, and the inner zona reticularis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A pheochromocytoma (see the image below) is a rare, catecholamine-secreting tumor derived from chromaffin cells. (medscape.com)
  • The term pheochromocytoma (in Greek, phios means dusky, chroma means color, and cytoma means tumor) refers to the color the tumor cells acquire when stained with chromium salts. (medscape.com)
  • Growth Hormone (GH) - stimulates cells to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) which stimulate growth of muscle and bone. (tomsk.ru)
  • Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of the beta cells in the pancreas . (conferenceseries.com)
  • A specific type of granule found in the pancreas is an insulin granule. (cloudfront.net)
  • The beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for the storage of insulin and release of it at appropriate times. (cloudfront.net)
  • Glucose/Insulin: activates beta cells and inhibits alpha cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The beta cells of the pancreatic islets secrete insulin , and so play a significant role in diabetes . (wikipedia.org)
  • The majority of ganglia of the sympathetic system belong to a network of sympathetic chain ganglia that runs alongside the vertebral column. (openstax.org)
  • The zona fasciculata consists of vacuolated cells that contain lipid droplets, abundant mitochondria, and a smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (anatomy.app)
  • The cells of the zona fasciculata are arranged in parallel radial cords that resemble long strings or bundles of sticks (fasciculi), stretching from the zona glomerulosa down in the direction of the adrenal medulla. (anatomy.app)
  • This is a collection of single cell and single nucleus combinatorial indexing-based RNA-seq data covering 4 million cells from 15 organs obtained during mid-gestation. (ucsc.edu)
  • To respond to a threat-to fight or to run away-the sympathetic system causes divergent effects as many different effector organs are activated together for a common purpose. (openstax.org)
  • The cells of ducted glands (exocrine glands) secrete into a cylindrical sac (tubular glands) or into a flask-shaped sac (alveolar glands). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The cells of ductless glands secrete specific molecules into the adjacent interstitial space (paracrine glands) or into the bloodstream (endocrine glands). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Endocrine glands in vertebrate animals possess a diversified communication system to co-ordinate physiological and metabolic functions by chemical integration. (winmeen.com)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hormone affects plants by its action on chemical bonds of carbohydrates comprising plant cell walls. (britannica.com)
  • The movement of the hormone downward from the tip of the coleoptile depends upon an interaction between the hormone and the cells through which the movement normally takes place. (britannica.com)
  • Hormone receptors in the endocrine system often trigger changes in gene expression to alter the activities of key biochemical or physiological pathways. (tomsk.ru)
  • The pituitary gland resides just outside the central nervous systems and comprises two anatomical and functional structures: anterior and posterior. (tomsk.ru)
  • The complex set of structures that compose the output of the sympathetic system make it possible for these disparate effectors to come together in a coordinated, systemic change. (openstax.org)
  • Such a conception would of necessityassume that these structures, as such, were in some way intrinsic in the cells of the pharyngeal entoderm metamerically arranged. (edu.au)
  • This transformation depends on various factors related to the tumor (such as the over expression or not of N-myc, the presence or absence of Treks and their receptors), the host (the intervention of the immune system) and to other external factors. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • chromaffin cells of the medulla, adrenal, enterochromaffin-like, paraganglia and beta cells of the pancreas. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • The beta cells closely control the release, and use unusual mechanisms to do so. (cloudfront.net)
  • Islets can influence each other through paracrine and autocrine communication, and beta cells are coupled electrically to six to seven other beta cells, but not to other cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • A pancreatic islet, showing beta cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Glycogen/Glucagon: activates alpha cells which activates beta cells and delta cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the beta cells in the pancreatic islets are selectively destroyed by an autoimmune process in type 1 diabetes , clinicians and researchers are actively pursuing islet transplantation as a means of restoring physiological beta cell function, which would offer an alternative to a complete pancreas transplant or artificial pancreas . (wikipedia.org)
  • a painless, slowly growing, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion characterized histologically by cords of polyhedral epithelial cells, deposits of amyloid , and spherical calcifications. (en-academic.com)
  • Intermediate (IK) channels, on the other hand, have conductances of 11- 40 pS, are voltage-independent, may be blocked by iberiotoxin and charybdotoxin (Ch Tx), and are found in red and white blood cells, colon, lung, pancreas, and other tissues. (conicyt.cl)
  • Most commonly found in the foregut (35.6% cases) with lung, bronchus and trachea constituting 27.9% cases from where they rarely metastasize (except in case of pancreas). (preparingtobecome.com)
  • The major differences between the two systems are evident in the responses that each produces. (openstax.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression inside the cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • in this way, vesicle-free miRNA may regulate cell-to-cell communication including the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • The particularity of neuroblastoma lies in its development from cells whose embryological maturation into adult sympathetic nerve cells or chromaffin cells is incomplete. (lupinepublishers.com)
  • There are about 1 million islets distributed throughout the pancreas of a healthy adult human, each of which measures an average of about 0.2 mm in diameter. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although hundreds of genes are known to be mutated in cancers our understanding of mutational events in cancer cells remains incomplete ( Futreal PA et al, 2004 ). (intechopen.com)
  • Keratinocyte cells are tightly interwoven and form seams between the nerves and underlying tissues of the epidermis. (altogen.com)
  • However, although tirzepatide activates GIPR in cell lines and mouse models, it is not clear whether or how dual agonism contributes to its therapeutic benefit. (bvsalud.org)
  • Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown free floating in a medium as a suspension culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence in human red blood cells (RBCs) of a K permeability that was greatly enhanced by calcium was first reported by Gardós (1958) . (conicyt.cl)