H2O2ReactiveEssential Oxygen Hydrogen PeroxideFood Grade Hydrogen PeroxideCatalaseConcentrated hydrogen peroxide solutionSinglet oxygenReactionsAtomsHydroxyl radicalsConcentrationIrritateMoleculeOxidationMoleculesOxidative StressDecomposeBleachConcentrationsWaterMitochondriaMetabolismUnstablePotassiumBottleATSDRAbstractOxidizing agentAtomReductionOrganicSupplementalSolutionReadilyExperimentBacteriaMechanismsDamageConsumptionChemicalProductElectronVivoRootsGlucoseNutrientsFluorescentSolutionsCarbonHighRisksTemperatureVersatileExposureSkinFoundEffects
H2O24
- Option B) Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a water molecule with an extra oxygen atom. (safalta.com)
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is formed by interaction of metabolism and oxygen. (plymouth.ac.uk)
- Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was measured using the fluorescent dye Amplex red. (cdc.gov)
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added to generate the ferryl protein. (lu.se)
Reactive15
- Acting as an antioxidant, H 2 S can combat oxidative species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and protect the skin from oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
- In addition, we found PEMF-pre-exposed cells exhibited decreased reactive oxygen species production following a 30 min H2 O2 challenge, with respect to non pre-exposed cells. (nih.gov)
- Superoxide (O 2 ċ- ) and its reduced product hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) give rise to several additional reactive oxygen species (ROS), which together are necessary for adequate killing of pathogens. (nih.gov)
- Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. (degruyter.com)
- If hydrogen peroxide is not broken down by catalase, additional reactions convert it into compounds called reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, proteins, and cell membranes. (medlineplus.gov)
- In general, once the insecticide penetrates the individuals, it overstimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Bhattacharyya et al. (springer.com)
- Reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide also mediates KSHV reactivation from latency. (medscape.com)
- The iron gall ink-triggered chemical corrosion of hand-written documents is a big threat to Western cultural heritages, which was demonstrated to result from the iron gall (GA-Fe) chelate-promoted reactive oxygen species generation. (nature.com)
- Therefore, the ion centers act as active sites of the metallo-gallate complex that can donate electrons from the gallate ligands to ambient free oxygen molecules for the oxygen reduction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 3 , after which the ligand field around iron center attenuates due to the electron loss from gallate 12 . (nature.com)
- Over-reduction of PET chain can damage protein complexes and result in production of the excess amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 6 . (nature.com)
- To test this hypothesis, Hb was modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS). (scialert.net)
- There has been accumulating evidence that an additional mechanism to generate reactive oxygen species occurs in vivo (Moore et al . (scialert.net)
- To test this hypothesis, Hb was modified by reactive oxygen species, generated by in vitro reaction of hemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide. (scialert.net)
- respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
- Exogenous agents are also impli- aldehyde) to form various pro-mu- tion, resisting cell death, enabling cated in the generation of reactive tagenic exocyclic adduct s (Bartsch replicative immortality, inducing oxygen. (who.int)
Essential Oxygen Hydrogen Peroxide1
- Click the button below to add the Essential Oxygen Hydrogen Peroxide 3% (1x16 Oz) to your wish list. (bangalla.com)
Food Grade Hydrogen Peroxide2
- Go natural with Essential Oxygen Hydrogen Perox 3% (1x16 OZ). EssentialOxygen 3% Food Grade Hydrogen Peroxide is THE essential product for every household. (bangalla.com)
- Essential Oxygen 3% Food Grade Hydrogen Peroxide 8 OZ and other Essential Oxygen products are available at All in One Vitamins Fayetteville GA. (allinonevitamins.com)
Catalase7
- This gene provides instructions for making the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide molecules into oxygen and water. (medlineplus.gov)
- However catalase is an enzyme - a biological catalyst which speeds up the reaction thousands of times without being used up itself causing oxygen to be released fast enough to form bubbles. (thenakedscientists.com)
- In this experiment you are measuring the rate at which oxygen is formed from the enzyme catalase decomposing hydrogen peroxide. (docbrown.info)
- vary either the hydrogen peroxide or the enzyme catalase). (docbrown.info)
- You can also keep the hydrogen peroxide concentration constant and do the investigation with a set of different concentrations of the potato-catalase mixture. (docbrown.info)
- The 'stock' solutions of potato-catalase or hydrogen peroxide should be initially in separate boiling tubes and placed in the water bath so that everything starts at the right temperature. (docbrown.info)
- to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
Concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution1
- However, persons whose clothing or skin is contaminated with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution can secondarily contaminate personnel by direct contact or through off-gassing vapor. (cdc.gov)
Singlet oxygen4
- and singlet oxygen (1O2), can also produce DSBs as a result of ionizing radiation as well as cellular metabolic processes that are naturally occurring. (wikipedia.org)
- We briefly cover the history of some important diagnostics including recently-developed diode laser sensors for a variety of parameters including: water vapor concentration, singlet oxygen yield, small signal gain, and translational temperature. (spie.org)
- We also discuss new developments and extensions of prior capabilities including: an ultra-sensitive diagnostic for I 2 dissociation, a new monitor for singlet oxygen yield, and a novel diode laser-based imaging system for simultaneous, multipoint spatial distributions of species concentration and temperature. (spie.org)
- alkoxy radical) and molecular non-radical forms (H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide and 1 O 2 , singlet oxygen) 7 . (nature.com)
Reactions4
- Peroxisomes might have served to lower the intracellular concentration of oxygen, while also exploiting its chemical reactivity to perform useful oxidative reactions. (nih.gov)
- Hydrogen peroxide is produced through chemical reactions within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
- The nanocomplex with a highly reductive ligand field can promote oxygen reduction reactions generating hydrogen peroxide. (nature.com)
- Do not use any other cleaning agents with the hydrogen peroxide so as to avoid adverse chemical reactions. (ehow.com)
Atoms2
- Hydrogen peroxide (H202) is similar in chemical structure to water (H20)-the difference is that hydrogen peroxide contains two oxygen atoms instead of one. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- Hydrogen peroxide is a molecule made up of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms. (farragut.org)
Hydroxyl radicals1
- however, it is believed that the bleaching agent (hydrogen peroxide) is decomposed to produce oxygen (O+) and hydroxyl radicals (HO2-) 20 . (bvsalud.org)
Concentration5
- The liver is used to remove toxins from the body so there is a particularly high concentration of catalyase there so liver will decompose hydrogen peroxide particularly quickly. (thenakedscientists.com)
- You need a series of hydrogen peroxide solutions of known different concentrations and a fixed concentration of the potato mix to investigate the effect of changing the hydrogen peroxide concentration. (docbrown.info)
- Dissolved oxygen concentration: Selection from preset ranges or free range input within measuring range. (horiba.com)
- New technology transfer required segregation and treatment of waste stream with high peroxide concentration (HPW). (f-w.com)
- At-home bleaching treatment comprises the application of a bleaching agent gel, based on carbamide peroxide at 10% to 22% concentration or hydrogen peroxide ranging from 4% to 9% concentration placed onto a customized tray, which is daily used by the patient. (bvsalud.org)
Irritate3
- However, experts no longer recommend using hydrogen peroxide in wound care, as it can irritate or damage the cells responsible for wound healing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Warning - Hydrogen peroxide is a weak bleach, it will irritate the skin, and you really don't want to get it in your eyes, so wear some form of eye protection. (thenakedscientists.com)
- 1. Hydrogen peroxide can irritate skin and eyes, so put on those safety goggles! (scholastic.com)
Molecule3
- It is very unstable and breaks down readily into water and a single oxygen molecule. (safalta.com)
- The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), recognized as the third gaseous signalling molecule along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), is produced enzymatically in mammals under physiological conditions [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Hydrogen peroxide has a molecule very like water but instead of being H 2 O it has an extra oxygen molecule to form H 2 O 2 . (thenakedscientists.com)
Oxidation2
- Moreover, the resultant two-electron oxidation form of GA-Fe is an excellent Fenton-like agent that can catalyze hydrogen peroxide decomposition into hydroxyl radical, finally triggering severe oxidative damage to tumors. (nature.com)
- Hydrogen peroxide is an oxidizing agent, known not only for its high oxidation potential, but its strong performance across a wide pH range as well. (solvay.com)
Molecules4
- The Hydrogen peroxide can react with many different organic molecules oxidising them, which is equivalent to partially burning them. (thenakedscientists.com)
- If you add hydrogen peroxide to a living cell it will Oxidise molecules at random, causing all sorts of biochemical chaos and seriously damage or kill the cell which is why hydrogen peroxide and other bleaches are very good antiseptics. (thenakedscientists.com)
- Each iron center coordinates with the phenate and carboxylate oxygens of four gallate molecules through six Fe-O bonds 10 . (nature.com)
- When it decomposes, it breaks down into oxygen and water ౼ two harmless molecules that naturally exist in nature. (solvay.com)
Oxidative Stress1
- Hydrogen peroxide protects tobacco from oxidative stress by inducing a set of antioxidant enzymes. (degruyter.com)
Decompose2
- Hydrogen peroxide will decompose into water and oxygen in sunlight, very slowly over a period of days, so it is sold in dark brown bottles to keep the light out. (thenakedscientists.com)
- You don't have to wipe off hydrogen peroxide since it can simply decompose into oxygen and water. (ibtimes.com)
Bleach3
- In industry, hydrogen peroxide is used as a bleach for textiles and paper, as a component of rocket fuels, and as a reagent for producing foam rubber and organic chemicals. (cdc.gov)
- This extra oxygen is the reason that hydrogen peroxide acts as a bleach and an antiseptic. (thenakedscientists.com)
- Likewise, bleach or hydrogen peroxide can damage your car's upholstery and ammonia-based cleaners can damage the anti-glare and anti-fingerprint coatings on your car touch screens. (ibtimes.com)
Concentrations2
- Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in commercial products vary, depending on their intended use. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) , for example, note that low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide can cause skin irritation and blistering. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Water16
- Hydrogen peroxide is unstable, decomposing readily to oxygen and water with release of heat. (cdc.gov)
- Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound, yet it biodegrades into just water and oxygen and is naturally found in rainwater. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- Studies have shown that rainwater benefits plants more than regular tap water due to its hydrogen peroxide content. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- In a watering can, combine 2 tablespoon (30ml) of Hydrogen Peroxide 3% - Oxygen Plus for Plants TM with every litre of water. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- Hydrogen peroxide has also been shown to speed up seed germination , treat root rot, rid water of chlorine, and even fend off gnats. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- So in nutshell, when Hydrogen peroxide readily loses active oxygen, Water is formed. (safalta.com)
- For the best results, mix it with water or hydrogen peroxide. (cnbusinessnews.com)
- If a person gets hydrogen peroxide in their eyes, they should flush their eyes for 20 minutes under running water, then contact a poison control center. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In solution, PAA and water are in equilibrium with acetic acid (AA) and hydrogen peroxide (HP). (cdc.gov)
- The foam produced is just water, soap, and oxygen, so you can clean it up with a sponge and pour any extra liquid left in the bottle down the drain. (scholastic.com)
- Under the right conditions, hydrogen peroxide will undergo a chemical reaction to break down into two parts, oxygen and water. (farragut.org)
- It is widely accepted that in conditions leading to over-reduction, pseudo-cyclic electron transfer enables electrons to flow from water to PSI, with molecular oxygen as alternative electron acceptor 5 . (nature.com)
- This process, known as Mehler reaction, results in formation of H 2 O 2 which is generated by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and converted into water and oxygen by ascorbate peroxidase 9 . (nature.com)
- Since hydrogen peroxide is composed of only water and oxygen, it is nontoxic and safe to use in the dishwasher. (ehow.com)
- If you have hard-water deposits inside your dishwasher, place a cup of vinegar in the top rack of the dishwasher instead of pouring hydrogen peroxide in the bottom, and then let the dishwasher run one cycle on its hottest setting. (ehow.com)
- An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. (bvsalud.org)
Mitochondria2
- Like mitochondria, peroxisomes are major sites of oxygen utilization. (nih.gov)
- In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate undergoes metabolism by the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. (medscape.com)
Metabolism2
- One hypothesis is that peroxisomes are a vestige of an ancient organelle that performed all the oxygen metabolism in the primitive ancestors of eucaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
- This process does not use oxygen (anaerobic metabolism). (medscape.com)
Unstable1
Potassium2
- Therefore, the aim of this clinical study was to assess the effects of a 4% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent containing potassium nitrate, sodium and calcium fluoride on color change, whitening maintenance, tooth sensitivity, and patient's satisfaction. (bvsalud.org)
- Oxidizers (e.g. hydrogen peroxide, potassium dichromate, sodium nitrate) are not necessarily combustible in themselves, they are substances that cause or contribute to the combustion of other materials. (lu.se)
Bottle3
- using the oxygen produced to pressurise the bottle. (thenakedscientists.com)
- An adult should carefully pour the hydrogen peroxide into the bottle. (scholastic.com)
- Pour the bottle of hydrogen peroxide into the bottom of the dishwasher before replacing the dishwasher racks. (ehow.com)
ATSDR1
- The ATSDR note that exposure to diluted solutions of hydrogen peroxide can cause temporary skin bleaching. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Abstract1
- article{3b754337-9c40-4bb9-9b3f-7d78cf72497f, abstract = {{It has been proposed that introducing tyrosine residues into human hemoglobin (e.g. βPhe41Tyr) may be able to reduce the toxicity of the ferryl heme species in extracellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) by facilitating long-range electron transfer from endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. (lu.se)
Oxidizing agent1
- Hydrogen peroxide is nonflammable, but it is a powerful oxidizing agent that can cause spontaneous combustion when it comes in contact with organic material. (cdc.gov)
Atom2
- The additional oxygen atom found in hydrogen peroxide helps plants' roots better absorb nutrients from the surrounding soil which leads to faster, healthier, and more vigorous growth over time. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- cannot be exactly solved for any system, except the very simplest ones, such as the hydrogen atom. (lu.se)
Reduction1
Organic1
Supplemental1
- One patient in the Eisenmenger group had a probable transient ischemic attack and another required supplemental oxygen after exposure to ambient cigarette smoke in flight. (medscape.com)
Solution5
- Pure hydrogen peroxide is a crystalline solid below 12 °F and a colorless liquid with a bitter taste above 12 °F. It is almost always used as an aqueous solution, which is available in dilute form (3% to 10%) for household use and in concentrated form (greater than 30%) for industrial use. (cdc.gov)
- A diluted hydrogen peroxide solution is beneficial to plants at any stage in their growth cycle, from seedlings to fully mature plants. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- As the authors of one 2016 study report, researchers outside the United States have found that using a 1% hydrogen peroxide solution can treat acne as effectively as, and sometimes better than, benzoyl peroxide - a common ingredient in acne medication. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Meanwhile, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved a hydrogen peroxide topical solution as a treatment for a type of noncancerous growth called seborrheic keratoses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Depending on what accuracy you require, you can measure out a fixed amount of the potato slurry and a varied amount of the same hydrogen peroxide solution into the boiling tube using a pipette, or 10 cm 3 measuring cylinder or plastic syringe. (docbrown.info)
Readily1
- Which One Of The Following Product Results When It Readily Loses Active Oxygen? (safalta.com)
Experiment2
- The experiment can also be done with the hair care version of hydrogen peroxide, or the weaker pharmacy version, although the effect with the pharmacy version will be smaller. (scholastic.com)
- Conceptual design for the Hydrogen Peroxide Removal included risk analysis, design of experiment, equipment selection, process flow diagram (PFD), equipment layout and opinion of probable cost. (f-w.com)
Bacteria3
- Hydrogen Peroxide 3% - Plant Care Plus TM comes with the added benefit of ridding your plants' soil of harmful bacteria or fungus that can slow their growth. (goodcleanhealthco.com)
- When the oxygen produced by photosynthetic bacteria first began to accumulate in the atmosphere, it would have been highly toxic to most cells. (nih.gov)
- For example, hydrogen peroxide produced by bacteria in the mouth may accumulate in and damage soft tissues, leading to mouth ulcers and gangrene. (medlineplus.gov)
Mechanisms2
- Hydrogen peroxide- and glutathione-associated mechanisms of acclima-tory stress tolerance and signaling. (degruyter.com)
- This is also why most biological cells have mechanisms to get rid of the hydrogen peroxide, which is made as a biproduct of several metabolic processes, as quickly as possible. (thenakedscientists.com)
Damage3
- It can also cause eye damage - and if a person swallows or inhales hydrogen peroxide, the effects can be severe. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Metal interactions with hydrogen peroxide have been frequently implicated in catalyzing free radical-mediated damage. (scialert.net)
- Among the protocols described, the one using hydrogen peroxide followed by application of silane seems the most promising, since it allows increased bond strengths without fiber damage. (bvsalud.org)
Consumption1
- Four or 24 h after exposure, cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations were isolated and run through polarographic assessments for mitochondrial oxygen consumption. (cdc.gov)
Chemical3
- In this work, we find that carbon plays an important synergistic role in improving the performance of La 1-x Sr x CoO 3-δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) electrocatalysts through the activation of O 2 and spillover of radical oxygen intermediates, HO 2 - and O 2 -, which is further reduced through chemical decomposition of HO 2 - on the perovskite surface. (osti.gov)
- Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical agent in many cleaning products. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The COIL laboratory with a small chemical oxygen-iodine laser facility participates in the worldwide effort to develop a competitive quasi-steady laser device for industrial and military applications. (spie.org)
Product4
- Here, the product oxygen gas, provides the means of following the rate of the reaction. (docbrown.info)
- Versatility and performance aside, hydrogen peroxide is truly a product fit for the future because it also addresses growing sustainability concerns faced by markets and industries the world over. (solvay.com)
- As a global industry leader and responsible supplier of hydrogen peroxide formulations, Solvay promotes and continuously improves safe, sustainable management of our products throughout the entire product life cycle. (solvay.com)
- The study hypothesized that oxidative by-product like hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), would reacts with hemoglobin (Hb) and help to initiate autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes. (scialert.net)
Electron1
- It has been proposed that introducing tyrosine residues into human hemoglobin (e.g. βPhe41Tyr) may be able to reduce the toxicity of the ferryl heme species in extracellular hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) by facilitating long-range electron transfer from endogenous and exogenous antioxidants. (lu.se)
Vivo1
- Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the effectiveness of 4% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent in color change, bleaching maintenance, tooth sensitivity, and patients' satisfaction. (bvsalud.org)
Roots1
- It also aids drainage and allows good oxygen levels to the roots. (ubcbotanicalgarden.org)
Glucose1
- Cerebral function requires the cooperative interaction between different cell types, namely neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, and depends on high metabolic activity supported by continuous supply of oxygen and glucose from the blood ( Siesjö, 1978 ). (frontiersin.org)
Nutrients1
- Cerebral function is associated with exceptionally high metabolic activity, and requires continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood stream. (frontiersin.org)
Fluorescent1
- Genetically-encoded fluorescent sensors with high specificity for peroxide can overcome some of these problems. (plymouth.ac.uk)
Solutions4
- Inhalation of vapors, mists, or aerosols from concentrated solutions of hydrogen peroxide can cause significant morbidity. (cdc.gov)
- In the home, dilute hydrogen peroxide solutions are used as disinfectants, deodorants, and hair-bleaching agents. (cdc.gov)
- The equilibrium shifts as solutions of PAA evolve oxygen gas through the degradation of HP. (cdc.gov)
- As the leading global producer and supplier of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) solutions , Solvay's portfolio boasts some of the purest grades available anywhere in the world. (solvay.com)
Carbon1
- Together with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is now recognized as a vital gaseous transmitter. (hindawi.com)
High1
- For patients with Eisenmenger syndrome, air travel carries the risk of deep venous thrombosis, especially since this group of patients is predisposed to thrombotic events, and compromised oxygen delivery at high altitudes. (medscape.com)
Risks2
- Persons exposed only to hydrogen peroxide gas do not pose risks of secondary contamination to personnel outside the Hot Zone. (cdc.gov)
- Below, learn about the risks and applications of hydrogen peroxide in skin care. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Temperature1
- If the temperature exceeds 50°C a self-accelerating decomposition can occur, releasing heat, oxygen and steam. (inchem.org)
Versatile1
- Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) plays versatile roles in various biological processes and in responses to stress in plants. (degruyter.com)
Exposure1
- Hydrogen peroxide was mentioned only in 5.78% and it was shown to result on adequate exposure of the glass fibers without damaging them. (bvsalud.org)
Skin7
- Hydrogen peroxide is not absorbed by the skin, but can cause systemic toxicity when inhaled or ingested. (cdc.gov)
- Hydrogen peroxide is poorly absorbed through intact skin. (cdc.gov)
- Can hydrogen peroxide treat skin conditions? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Some people use hydrogen peroxide, or products that contain it, to address skin issues such as acne or hyperpigmentation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- People use hydrogen peroxide on the skin in many ways, such as to prevent infections in minor wounds, such as scrapes or small cuts. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Hydrogen peroxide has disinfecting and bleaching properties, and as a result, some people believe that it can combat infections, reduce blemishes, lighten the skin, and ease symptoms of certain conditions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Always speak with a healthcare provider before using hydrogen peroxide on the skin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Found2
- In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels than adults in the same location because of their short stature and the higher levels of hydrogen peroxide vapor found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)
- short stature and the higher levels of hydrogen peroxide vapor found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)
Effects2
- The same research indicates that hydrogen peroxide also causes fewer side effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- We evaluated the effects of two insecticides (fipronil, sulfluramid) and metallic insecticide complex (magnesium complex [Mg(hesp)2(phen)] (1)) on the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and the overall antioxidant capacity using two different methodologies: total radical-trapping potential (TRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). (springer.com)