CatalaseManganese-superoxide dismutaseGlutathione reductaseHydrogen peroxidePeroxidaseAntioxidantFree radicalsSinglet oxygenEnzyme systemsAntioxidantsAscorbateReactive oxygenAnionNitric OxideAbstractZincCatalyseTumor metabolismNeutralizeGlucoseMitochondriaAerobicInhibitLipidMoleculesDamageAccumulationRatsSynthesisEthanolProductionProteinsGenotypePhysiologicalRadicalActivityOzoneResistanceCellRootsNutrientsEffectsStressEnhancement
Catalase12
- In the resveratrol + As 2 O 3 -treated group, activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione, the total arsenic concentrations, and the percentage of methylated arsenic in urine were significantly increased. (springer.com)
- Ozone also causes an increase in the NADH reducing process and helps to oxidize cytochrome C. There is a stimulation of the production of the enzymes which act as free radical scavengers and cell wall protectors: glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. (silvermedicine.org)
- We assessed motor alterations, nitrosative stress, lipid peroxidation, and the antioxidant system comprised of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). (hindawi.com)
- In neonatal hypoxia-ischemia, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to occur in the brain at 96 h after a hypoxic-ischemic episode, to which the antioxidant system responds by increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) at postnatal day (PND) 11, which decreases afterward [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Aerobic and many anaerobic bacteria synthesize enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and peroxidase, which neutralize these toxic reactive products (4). (docksci.com)
- The protective potential was carried on superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and peroxidases. (degruyter.com)
- With increasing NaHCO 3 stress, the contents of O -· 2 , H 2 O 2 and MDA in the seedling roots increased dramatically, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity reduced and glutathione (GSH) contents decreased significantly, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as well as ascorbic acid (AsA) content first increased and then decreased. (nefu.edu.cn)
- Actually, on the box of the degasser, it quotes several studies that ozonated water benefits include gluten increases in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, prostacyclin, red blood cell glycolysis rate, oxygen metabolism and inactivated bacteria, viruses, fungus yeast and protozoa. (creatrixsolutions.com)
- Firstly, we performed a ROS muscle metabolism interspecies study, using trout and eels as ectotherms and rats as endotherms, measuring OH* production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and in parallel oxygen consumption (MO2). (univ-brest.fr)
- to superoxide or that "autoxidize", and when coupled with catalase Oxygen radicals clearly contribute to probably through reactions catalysed within peroxisomes or with cytosolic genomic instability, are produced by by transition metals. (who.int)
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities and uric acid (UA) levels were measured in plasma and saliva. (bvsalud.org)
- To counteract the oxidative stress mammalian cells have antioxidant system which includes enzymatic activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and non enzymatic antioxidants including vitamins A, E, C, melatonin, uric acid (UA) and glutathione 6,10 . (bvsalud.org)
Manganese-superoxide dismutase2
- Two different allelic forms of a manganese-superoxide dismutase involved in ROS detoxification, ApMnSOD1 and ApMnSOD2, and differing only by two substitutions (M110L and A138G) were identified in an A. pompejana cDNA library. (nih.gov)
- Chen SC, Chen CC, Kuo CY, Huang CH, Lin CH, Lu ZY, Chen YY, Lee HS, Wong RH (2012) Elevated risk of hypertension induced by arsenic exposure in Taiwanese rural residents: possible effects of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) genes. (springer.com)
Glutathione reductase1
- To this end, many assay methods have been developed for the detection of ROSrelated or ROS-derived substances such as superoxide anion, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine, 8-nitroguanosine, and protein carbonyl. (dojindo.com)
Hydrogen peroxide4
- Oxygen metabolites such as superoxide (027), hydrogen peroxide (H202), singlet oxygen ('02), and hydroxy radical ('OH) are major components of the bactericidal activity of PMNLs (14). (docksci.com)
- superoxide anion is then converted to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by superoxide dismutase (SOD). (dojindo.com)
- Hydroxy radicals, which are produced from superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the Fenton reaction, cause multiple modifications in DNA. (dojindo.com)
- SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, which are much less oxidatively reactive. (dojindo.com)
Peroxidase2
- Crucial ROS-related proteins were identified, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, T5A6F1), Nor-1 (T5AFX3), electron transport protein (T5AHD1), histidine phosphotransferase (HPt, T5A9Z5) and Glutathione peroxidase (T5A9V1). (peerj.com)
- Metabolism of glutathione peroxidase, can further inflammation, and - along with oth- many exogenous agents through cy- convert these reactive species to er radical species - play key roles tochrome P450-mediated reactions wate r (Benzie, 2000) . (who.int)
Antioxidant10
- We then examined, in the plasma and thymus, oxidative damage biomarkers, including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, reactive oxygen species, calcium and antioxidant defence systems, mitochondrial potential and apoptosis-inducing factors (caspase 3, p53 and p21). (nih.gov)
- Although the activities of most antioxidant and sulfur metabolism-related enzymes and glyoxalase I and the level of reduced glutathione in the Mg-deficient leaves and roots and the level of ascorbate in the leaves were kept in higher levels, the levels of malonaldehyde and MG and/or electrolyte leakage were increased in the Mg-deficient lower and upper leaves and roots, especially in the Mg-deficient lower leaves and roots. (biomedcentral.com)
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide to less toxic intermediates, preventing accumulation. (elsevierpure.com)
- SOD is a potential therapeutic agent in diseases related to oxidative stress and as a material for moderating the aging process, because of its high antioxidant efficiency (much higher than that of glutathione or other reducing agents) and early action in the initial stages of ROS metabolism. (dojindo.com)
- Here we measure net superoxide (a selection pressure for antioxidant production) and experimentally manipulate superoxide antioxidation using a synthetic mimetic of superoxide dismutase, Eukarion 134 (EUK). (datadryad.org)
- The evolution of angiosperm plants between 50 and 200 million years ago resulted in the development of many antioxidant pigments - particularly during the Jurassic period - as chemical defences against reactive oxygen species that are byproducts of photosynthesis . (wikipedia.org)
- [4] Originally, the term antioxidant specifically referred to a chemical that prevented the consumption of oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
- [6] Antioxidant activity could be measured simply by placing the fat in a closed container with oxygen and measuring the rate of oxygen consumption. (wikipedia.org)
- However, the over production of oxygen free radicals in sperm membrane decreases the antioxidant defense activity thereby leading to low sperm motility and viability, DNA fragmentation and protein denaturation. (scialert.net)
- They include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems which work synergistically to prevent harmful effects of the by-products from aerobic metabolism. (scialert.net)
Free radicals6
- Oxidants include free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxides while antioxidants include glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). (promocell.com)
- Research suggests aging is caused by cumulative oxidative stress due to free radicals generated in biological systems both via metabolism and as a result of exposure to UV light (Stojiljkovic, 2014). (promocell.com)
- Free radicals, both the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), can lead to damage of biomolecules which then affects gene expression, cell metabolism and distinct physiological functions. (promocell.com)
- Along with vitamin E and beta carotene, barley grass is the most potent supplier of healthy and critical enzyme superoxide dismutase which helps neutralize the effects of oxygen free radicals which are produced during energy metabolism. (iam-worldwidebc.com)
- Oxygen free radicals are naturally produced by mitochondrial and sperm plasma membrane and have beneficial and detrimental effects that cannot be overlooked. (scialert.net)
- The excessive generation of oxygen free radicals in the form of ROS by abnormal spermatozoa and by contaminating leukocytes has been identified as one of the few defined etiologies for male infertility. (scialert.net)
Singlet oxygen1
- UVA can also damage DNA indirectly through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include superoxide anion, peroxide and singlet oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme systems2
- In cells , antioxidants such as glutathione , mycothiol or bacillithiol , and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase , can prevent damage from oxidative stress . (wikipedia.org)
- Plus, black beans are a rich source of iron, an integral part of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the body, and key enzyme systems for energy production and metabolism. (sixwise.com)
Antioxidants2
- It is designed to protect against outside damage including UV light exposure and has several defense mechanisms to protect against oxidative damage including antioxidants such as superoxide dismutases, CGT, catalases, GSH and ascorbic acid. (promocell.com)
- [9] Research into how vitamin E prevents the process of lipid peroxidation led to the identification of antioxidants as reducing agents that prevent oxidative reactions, often by scavenging reactive oxygen species before they can damage cells. (wikipedia.org)
Ascorbate1
- Most of parameters involved in ROS and MG metabolisms had similar variation trends and degrees between the Mg-deficient lower leaves and roots, but several parameters (namely glutathione S-transferase, sulfite reductase, ascorbate and dehydroascorbate) displayed the opposite variation trends. (biomedcentral.com)
Reactive oxygen22
- It inhabits chimney walls of deep-sea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and is exposed to various challenging conditions (e.g. high temperature, hypoxia and the presence of sulphides, heavy metals and radiations), which increase the production of dangerous reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nih.gov)
- This entire process is aided by the presence of reactive oxygen species that inhibits protein-tyrosine phosphatases via oxidation, thereby resulting in the up-regulation of the above-mentioned receptors. (wikipedia.org)
- Traditionally the perspective on reactive oxygen species (ROS) has centered on the role they play as carcinogenic or cancer-causing radicals. (degruyter.com)
- Thereafter, we investigated the Mg-deficient effects on gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in the upper and lower leaves, and Mg, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) metabolisms in the roots, lower and upper leaves. (biomedcentral.com)
- The concentrations of renal malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and renal arsenic accumulation were significantly decreased and reduced renal morphologic injury was observed compared with the As 2 O 3 -treated group. (springer.com)
- These results demonstrate that resveratrol could significantly scavenge reactive oxygen species, inhibit As 2 O 3 -induced oxidative damage, and significantly attenuate the accumulation of arsenic in renal tissues by facilitating As 2 O 3 metabolism. (springer.com)
- Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a hallmark of successful recognition of infection and activation of plant defenses. (scienceopen.com)
- The metabolism of ethanol gives rise to the generation of excessive amount of reactive oxygen species and is also associated with immune dysfunction. (omicsonline.org)
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS), products of normal cell metabolism may cause damage to biological macromolecules leading to severe health threats when they are present in high concentrations. (degruyter.com)
- Background: Ethanol metabolism increases production of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide () in the liver, resulting in significant oxidative stress, which causes cellular damage. (elsevierpure.com)
- To explore the tolerant extent of ryegrass seedlings to alkaline stress, ryegrass seedlings were exposed to Hoagland's nutrient solution with NaHCO 3 added (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol·L -1 ), and the effects of NaHCO 3 stress on the growth of roots, metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and osmotica accumulation in roots were studied by a sandy culture in greenhouse. (nefu.edu.cn)
- Although oxygen itself is an essential element of life, molecules in cells, such as DNA and proteins, are sometimes damaged by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in what is called oxidative stress. (dojindo.com)
- A decade ahead of their time, von Schantz and coworkers united sexual selection and free radical biology by identifying causal links between deep-rooted physiological processes that dictate resistance to toxic waste from oxidative metabolism (reactive oxygen species), and phenotypic traits, such as ornaments. (datadryad.org)
- Response to temperature stress of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in the cross-tolerance of barley seed germination[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, 2010, 11(12): 965-972. (zju.edu.cn)
- In this study, we used the germination of barley seed s as a system to investigate the cross-tolerance of low-temperature pretreatment to high- temperature stress and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme s in the cross-tolerance . (zju.edu.cn)
- Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. (zju.edu.cn)
- Oxygen is required to support life, but its metabolites such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can modify cell functions, endanger cell survival, or both. (scialert.net)
- Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1 or (Cu‐Zn) superoxide dismutase) is the initially discovered mammalian SOD, found in almost all cells, and functioning as an organism's primary defense against highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). (peprotech.com)
- A comparative study of reactive oxygen species in red muscle: pressure effects. (univ-brest.fr)
- Concurrently, only l-NAC treatment decreased the auditory loss and hair cell loss resulting from ACN + noise, suggesting that GSH is involved in the protection of the cochlea against reactive oxygen species generated by moderate noise levels. (cdc.gov)
- respiratory burst (the rapid release of Reactions of oxygen radicals with Mitochondrial oxidative phosphor- reactive oxygen species from cells) cel ular components can deplete an- ylation is a major source of oxy- that involves nicotinamide adenine tioxidants, can cause direct oxidative gen radicals of endogenous origin. (who.int)
- Free reactive oxygen radicals cause damage of mammalian cells by oxidizing fatty acids, protein and DNA. (bvsalud.org)
Anion1
- However, NO and superoxide anion may react to generate peroxynitrite, which is cytotoxic. (dojindo.com)
Nitric Oxide2
- Effects of Exogenous Nitric Oxide on Active Oxygen Metabolism, Polyamine Content and Photosynthesis of Ryegrass( Lolium perenne L.) Seedlings Under Salt Stress [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2009, 29(3): 313-319. (nefu.edu.cn)
- It is known that a large amount of nitric oxide and superoxide molecules, generated by inflammation, can cause nitration of guanosine. (dojindo.com)
Abstract1
- accepted 1 August 1989) Abstract-The anti-arthritic activity of four superoxide dismutases (SODS) has been compared by using the adjuvant-induced polyarthritis rat model. (docksci.com)
Zinc1
- Zinc is an essential nutrient for humans and animals that is necessary for the function of a large number of metalloenzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, leucine aminopeptidase, and superoxide dismutase. (cdc.gov)
Catalyse1
- The NADPH pathway also contributes, with NADPH oxidases (NOX enzymes) generating ROS as they catalyse transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen (Naidoo 2017). (promocell.com)
Tumor metabolism1
- Ozone inhibits tumor metabolism. (silvermedicine.org)
Neutralize1
- It is reasonable to suggest that the virulence of bacteria may be connected with their ability to synthesize specific enzymes that neutralize the toxic products of the oxidative metabolism of the PMNLs. (docksci.com)
Glucose1
- Glucose is the primary energy source in the brain whose metabolism via the glycolysis pathway leads to pyruvate, which enters the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria or is converted into lactate by LDH [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Mitochondria1
- Oxygen metabolism in the mitochondria contribute around 90% of ROS in a cell. (promocell.com)
Aerobic2
- All the cells living under aerobic conditions constantly face the oxygen paradox. (scialert.net)
- ROS, produced as toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism, can cause cell damage and apoptosis, and potentially contribute to diseases, including certain heart conditions, degenerative neural diseases, and various oxidative stress and age related disorders. (peprotech.com)
Inhibit1
- CN, in turn, can inhibit Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). (cdc.gov)
Lipid1
- Sperm cell membranes are high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and are sensitive to oxygen free radical induced damage mediated by lipid peroxidation. (scialert.net)
Molecules2
- GPO aids in protecting the majority of our body systems against harmful damage from oxygen-containing molecules. (ketozila.com)
- The reason why you can't just buy a bottle of ozonated water is, ozone is three molecules of oxygen, O1, O1 and O1. (creatrixsolutions.com)
Damage4
- The appearance of skin aging is caused by underlying damage to collagen and reduced fibroblast size, both caused by ROS which regulates collagen metabolism. (promocell.com)
- This result suggests that taurine improves pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate metabolism, thus decreasing IUI-caused cerebral damage and relieving motor behavior impairment. (hindawi.com)
- in control males these variables explained 72 % of color loss, whereas in EUK males, the fading of coloration was unaffected by superoxide and unrelated to DNA damage. (datadryad.org)
- NO is also involved in cell kil ing but often used as a marker of oxidative Hanahan and Weinberg (2011), i n can also react with superoxide at DNA damage, although other bas- their landmark review "Hallmarks diffusion-limited rates to form per- es are also susceptible to oxidation. (who.int)
Accumulation1
- Effects of KCl on Active Oxygen Metabolism and Osmotica Accumulation in Avena nude L. Seedlings under NaCl Stress [J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2015, 35(2): 233-239. (nefu.edu.cn)
Rats2
- The relative anti-inflammatory activities of different superoxide dismutases (SODs)§ have already been compared using the carrageenan [2] and Adriamycin@ [3] models in rats. (docksci.com)
- The results show that, at atmospheric pressure, fish have a higher OH*/MO2 ratio than rats which exhibit a higher superoxide dismutase activity. (univ-brest.fr)
Synthesis1
- Oxygen is a very important molecule for the synthesis of biologically active materials such as hormones and ATP. (dojindo.com)
Ethanol1
- Conclusion: Ethanol-fed SOD -/- mice exhibited lower alcohol dehydrogenase activity and lack of CYP2E1 inducibility, thereby causing decreased ethanol metabolism compared with wild-type mice. (elsevierpure.com)
Production1
- sites of superoxide production, with killing functions. (who.int)
Proteins1
- SOD proteins break down (dismutate) ROS, mainly superoxide, into (non‐toxic) oxygen and (less toxic) peroxide. (peprotech.com)
Genotype3
- Chen B, Arnold LL, Cohen SM, Thomas DJ, Le XC (2011) Mouse arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase genotype affects metabolism and tissue dosimetry of arsenicals after arsenite administration in drinking water. (springer.com)
- Participants responded to survey items and provided blood samples for evaluation of phenotype and genotype of CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 enzymes involved in nicotine and bupropion metabolism. (who.int)
- CONCLUSION: KIS-III is the first study designed to examine both nicotine and bupropion metabolism, evaluating CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 phenotype and genotype in conjunction with psychosocial factors, in the context of treatment of African American light smokers. (who.int)
Physiological1
- The effects of stress on cell wall metabolism are discussed at the physiological (morphogenic), transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical levels. (scienceopen.com)
Radical1
- Superoxide radical and the oxygen enhancement of the toxicity of paraquat in Escherichia coli. (ncsu.edu)
Activity2
- Anti-inflammatory activity of various superoxide dismutases on polyarthritis in the Lewis rat. (docksci.com)
- Determined by its ability to decrease superoxide concentration when tested using an SOD colorimetric activity kit. (peprotech.com)
Ozone2
- Ozone reduces or eliminates clumping and red cell flexibility is restored, along with oxygen carrying ability. (silvermedicine.org)
- In recent years, studies have found that ozone is effective for improving the blood oxygen saturation of local tissue cells and improving the microcirculation function of damaged tissues ( 4 ). (asociatia-ozonoterapie.ro)
Resistance1
- Role of superoxide dismutase in resistance of Porphyromonas gingivalis to killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (docksci.com)
Cell3
- Oxygen activates various enzymes in cells and activated oxygen species are involved in the operation of cell functions. (dojindo.com)
- It helps prevent as well as extends therapeutic relief on the existing damaged cell owing to the presence of superoxide dismustase enzymes. (iam-worldwidebc.com)
- Exogenous agents are also impli- aldehyde) to form various pro-mu- tion, resisting cell death, enabling cated in the generation of reactive tagenic exocyclic adduct s (Bartsch replicative immortality, inducing oxygen. (who.int)
Roots3
- The specific objectives were to corroborate the hypothesis that the responses of ROS and MG metabolisms to Mg-deficiency were greater in the lower leaves than those in the upper leaves, and different between the leaves and roots. (biomedcentral.com)
- Obviously, differences existed in the Mg-deficiency-induced alterations of ROS and MG metabolisms between the lower leaves and roots. (biomedcentral.com)
- All the above results indicated that alkaline stress caused the imbalance of ROS metabolism and the disturbance of Na + and K + homeostasis in the roots of ryegrass seedlings, and consumed more energy for osmotic adjustment by accumulating organic solutes, which might partly lead to its growth inhibition under alkaline stress. (nefu.edu.cn)
Nutrients1
- IUI alters cerebral metabolism because it causes a deficiency of oxygen and nutrients essential for maturing the neurochemical circuitry in the neonatal phase, particularly the glutamatergic and GABAergic pathways in the cerebral cortex [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Effects2
- This being the case, it is still unclear how pathogenic bacteria that are not killed by phagocytes avoid the lethal effects of PMNL oxidative metabolism. (docksci.com)
- Secondly, we studied the effects of an environmental factor (hydrostatic pressure) on ROS metabolism in both fish species. (univ-brest.fr)
Stress2
- Oxygen deprivation in newborns leads to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, whose hallmarks are oxidative/nitrosative stress, energetic metabolism alterations, nutrient deficiency, and motor behavior disability. (hindawi.com)
- En effet, une activité physique régulière permetterait de limiter le risque de conséquences neurologiques accrues associées au stress oxydatif et d'améliorer la qualité de vie. (who.int)
Enhancement1
- of 1.0 = 8 x 108 CFU/ml) opsonized in 10% human serum was added to Phagocytosis of bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) is accompanied by enhancement of PMNL oxidative metabolism. (docksci.com)