AnatomyChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
Energy MetabolismOxidation-ReductionEnergy IntakeLipid MetabolismGlucoseEnergy TransferGlycolysisOxygen ConsumptionAdenosine TriphosphateLactic AcidPhosphocreatineMitochondriaBasal Metabolism
PhosphorylationStressApoptosisCatabolismGlucoseCarbohydrate MetabolismContributesSkeletalCerebralPathwaysLipidsAstrocytesPhysiologyCellular energy metabolismFatty acid metabExpenditureNeuronal activityOrganismPharmacokineticsTissuesCompoundsCarbohydratesDysregulationExcretionBiochemicalAMPKBrainCircadianProteinContextMetabolicSignificantlyRegulatorMagnesiumMoleculesIntakeCellsSupportsMusclesNormalProcessesHumans
Phosphorylation12
  • Abnormal whole-body energy metabolism in iron-deficient humans despite preserved skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation. (figshare.com)
  • Thirteen iron-deficient (ID) individuals and thirteen iron-replete (IR) control participants each underwent 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of exercising calf muscle to investigate differences in oxidative phosphorylation, followed by whole-body cardiopulmonary exercise testing. (figshare.com)
  • In addition, increases in GPX, SOD3, G6PD, HK, and PFK at proteomic and transcriptomic levels suggested elevation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, synthesis of glutathione and nucleotides, and antioxidative pathway activity, whereas oxidative phosphorylation, TCA and mitochondrial energy metabolism were reduced. (frontiersin.org)
  • Electron transport chain and energy production through oxidative phosphorylation. (up.ac.za)
  • Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
  • It was therefore assumed that cancer cells were generating energy using glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and that the mitochondria were dysfunctional. (researchgate.net)
  • Gene therapy displacement of endogenous MCUb with a dominant-negative MCUb transgene (MCUb W246R/V251E ) in vivo rescued T2D cardiomyocytes from metabolic inflexibility and stimulated cardiac contractile function and adrenergic responsiveness by enhancing phospholamban phosphorylation via protein kinase A. We conclude that MCUb represents one newly discovered molecular effector at the interface of metabolism and cardiac function, and its repression improves the outcome of the chronically stressed diabetic heart. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Funai and colleagues found that during weight loss in obese mice, the efficiency of skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation increased, resulting in a reduction in energy expenditure throughout the body, which in turn contributes to weight loss rebound. (news-medical.net)
  • The results showed that there was no significant change in mitochondrial proteomes or respiratory chain supercomplex formation in skeletal muscle of weight-loss mice, but oxidative phosphorylation efficiency significantly increased. (news-medical.net)
  • Further studies showed that knocking down CL acyltransferase tafazzin reduced TLCL levels as well as skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation levels, allowing mice to avoid diet-induced weight gain. (news-medical.net)
  • These events, the most important means for generating ATP in cells, are known as terminal respiration and oxidative phosphorylation ( see cellular respiration ). (britannica.com)
  • In the case of cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming, cancer cel s preferentially metabolize glu- cose through glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen [11-13]. (who.int)
Stress22
  • On the other hand, oral administration of MSNs disturbed inflammatory factors and metabolites of ribose-5-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, GSSG, and NADP+ associated with the pentose phosphate pathway, glutathione synthesis and oxidative stress albeit to a lesser extent than intravenous injection despite the administration of a ten-fold greater dose. (frontiersin.org)
  • Overall, systematic biological data suggested that intravenous injection of nanoparticles of pharmaceutical excipients substantially affected hepatic metabolism function and induced oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas oral administration exhibited milder effects compared with intravenous injection. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results suggest disruption to fatty acid uptake, energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress, and point towards pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction, which has previously been linked to benzene exposure in animal models and human studies. (cdc.gov)
  • The results showed that although the sulfluramid may cause the production of ROS, its slow action in the organism does not lead to oxidative stress. (springer.com)
  • There is a rise in oxidative stress in workers of leafcutter ants treated with fipronil because SOD significantly increased when compared to the control group. (springer.com)
  • and selenium to mitigate oxidative stress. (doterra.com)
  • SIRT3 deficiency further aggravated HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and susceptibility to oxidative stress injury. (hindawi.com)
  • The hippocampus neuron oxidative stress and apoptosis were both decreased compared to untrained HFD group, which finally improved cognitive function of HFD mice. (hindawi.com)
  • Pecans are high in Manganese, which contributes to the protection of cells from oxidative stress and maintenance of normal bones. (hollandandbarrett.com)
  • These light emissions have also been correlated with cerebral energy metabolism and oxidative stress within the mammalian brain. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • In this review, we studied on the effects and molecular mechanisms of Rhizoma coptidis on NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways. (springer.com)
  • Evidence presented in this review implicated that Rhizoma coptidis exerted beneficial effects on various diseases by regulation of NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K-Akt/AMPK/ERS and oxidative stress pathways, which support the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and offer references for future researches. (springer.com)
  • Oxidative stress pathways are caused by the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidation in body. (springer.com)
  • Oxidative stress pathways regulate redox balance by Nrf2 and other ways. (springer.com)
  • In this review, we sorted out the relationship of Rhizoma coptidis among components, diseases and NF-κB/MAPK/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/ERS/oxidative stress pathways, systematically studying on how Rhizoma coptidis exerts beneficial effects to various diseases, which supported the clinical application of Rhizoma coptidis and provided references for the future researches. (springer.com)
  • Energy metabolism is governed by intricate signaling pathways that sense nutrient availability, energy demands, and cellular stress. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Other benefits of having a sufficient Vitamin C intake are reduction of oxidative stress, tiredness and fatigue. (relax-uk.com)
  • Several mechanisms of neuronal cell death have been proposed for HD, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and apoptosis. (medscape.com)
  • Flow cytometry and biochemical analysis were used to assess oxidative stress and ferroptosis features. (bvsalud.org)
  • Collectively, our findings suggest that NAT10 restrains ferroptosis by stabilizing the SLC7A11 mRNA transcripts in order to avoid oxidative stress that induces oxidation of phospholipids to initiate ferroptosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ischemic injury underlying these illnesses is complex, involving intricate interplays among many biological functions including energy metabolism, vascular regulation, hemodynamics, oxidative stress, inflammation, platelet activation, and tissue repair that take place in a context- and time-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Pathways to Colorectal Cancer: Do excess energy consumption and the processes of oxidative stress interact and are they modulated by increased colonic permeability, inflammation, endotoxin exposure and toxic by-products of excess energy consumption? (who.int)
Apoptosis1
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
Catabolism1
  • Nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and catabolism. (up.ac.za)
Glucose10
  • Although the adult human brain represents only 2% of the total body weight, it consumes up to 20% of the total glucose metabolism under normal resting physiological conditions (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
  • Its use is based on the idea that the brain's ability to use its normal energy source, glucose, is impaired in Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • While glucose is the brain's chief energy source, ketones normally serve as the "backup" energy source. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ketones act as an alternative energy source for brain cells that have an impaired ability to use glucose (sugar) as a result of Alzheimer's disease, and the makers of Axona claim that this may have medical benefits. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer. (researchgate.net)
  • Glucose is coupled onto Na+ gradient to move inside the cell, uses less energy by hitching a ride. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Upregulation of MCUb limits mitochondrial matrix Ca 2+ uptake and impairs mitochondrial energy production via glucose oxidation by depressing pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Diabetes results in a cardiomyopathy characterized by decreased cardiomyocyte function, increased myocardial fatty acid utilization, decreased glucose utilization, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and decreased cardiac efficiency ( 4 , 5 ), primarily as the result of changes in metabolism and Ca 2+ handling within the myocyte ( 3 , 6 , 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The insulin signaling pathway is a central regulator of energy metabolism, particularly in the context of glucose homeostasis. (alliedacademies.org)
  • In the case of O/F glucose medium, the glucose component was metabolized through an oxidative process. (cdc.gov)
Carbohydrate Metabolism1
  • Moreover, white adipocytes have a low oxidative rate, which is the rate of macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) metabolism. (news-medical.net)
Contributes2
  • It thus contributes to increased energy expenditure, which is correlated with decreased Body Mass Index (BMI). (news-medical.net)
  • Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. (amazon.com)
Skeletal4
  • Iron deficiency impairs skeletal muscle metabolism. (figshare.com)
  • In April 2023, Professor Katsuhiko Funai at University of Utah published a study in Life Metabolism entitled 'Weight loss increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy efficiency in obese mice'(DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load014). (news-medical.net)
  • Altogether, the evidence suggests that weight loss leads to an increase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy production efficiency, thereby reducing energy expenditure throughout the body. (news-medical.net)
  • 2023). Weight loss increases skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy efficiency in obese mice. (news-medical.net)
Cerebral2
  • With the development and optimization of non-invasive techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), several groups have worked on assessing cerebral metabolism in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review state-of-the-art MR methods to study brain function and metabolism in vivo , and their contribution to the current understanding of how astrocytic energy metabolism supports glutamatergic activity and cerebral function. (frontiersin.org)
Pathways5
  • Although these techniques tackle the coupling between neuronal activity and metabolism, they lack chemical specificity and fail in providing information on neuronal and glial metabolic pathways underlying those processes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Metabolic pathway enrichment identified 41 pathways associated with benzene exposure, with altered pathways including carnitine shuttle, fatty acid metabolism, sulfur amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and branched chain amino acid metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • AMPK pathways are energy regulation pathways. (springer.com)
  • AMPK pathways inhibit biosynthetic pathways with energy consumption, such as protein, fatty acid and glycogen synthesis. (springer.com)
  • This article explores the pathways of cellular signaling in energy metabolism, highlighting their physiological roles and implications in pathological conditions. (alliedacademies.org)
Lipids1
  • Predict the amount of energy (ATP) produced from the complete oxidative metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Astrocytes5
  • Moreover, brain energy metabolism was demonstrated to be compartmentalized in neurons and astrocytes, and astrocytic glycolysis was proposed to serve the energetic demands of glutamatergic activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Shedding light on the role of astrocytes in brain metabolism, the earlier picture of astrocytes being restricted to a scaffold-associated function in the brain is now out of date. (frontiersin.org)
  • Namely, the rate of oxidative metabolism in astrocytes is about half of that in neurons, and it can increase as much as the rate of neuronal metabolism in response to sensory stimulation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Astrocytes-a type of glial cell-have emerged as active players in brain energy delivery, production, utilization, and storage. (nih.gov)
  • This review focuses on the cellular aspects of brain energy metabolism, with a particular emphasis on the metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes. (nih.gov)
Physiology1
  • We performed a prospective, case-control, clinical physiology study to explore the effects of iron deficiency on human metabolism, using exercise as a stressor. (figshare.com)
Cellular energy metabolism3
Fatty acid metab1
  • Recently, we reported that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) regulates fatty acid metabolism through ac4C-dependent RNA modification of key genes in cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
Expenditure3
  • We found that energy expenditure was equivalent between germ-free (GF) and specific-opportunistic-pathogen free line (SPF) mice, and we extend this observation to the OligoMM12 microbiota (12 species across 5 phyla that are naturally abundant in a murine gut microbiota). (biorxiv.org)
  • A number of studies have shown that weight loss in overweight people results in a reduction in whole-body energy expenditure. (news-medical.net)
  • This reduction in energy expenditure is disproportionate across tissues, known as energetic mismatch which primarily originates from lean tissue, thus increasing weight regain risk. (news-medical.net)
Neuronal activity2
  • Since the mid-twentieth century the idea that brain energy metabolism is coupled to neuronal activity has emerged, and a number of studies supported this hypothesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • The energy requirements of the brain are very high, and tight regulatory mechanisms operate to ensure adequate spatial and temporal delivery of energy substrates in register with neuronal activity. (nih.gov)
Organism1
  • Based on this test result, each culture had been inoculated with an oxidative bacterial organism. (cdc.gov)
Pharmacokinetics1
  • The pharmaceutical literature consists of numerous examples of 2-D QSARs, 3-D QSARs and expert systems for modelling the individual components or phases of drug disposition and pharmacokinetics (i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism and *Corresponding author. (cdc.gov)
Tissues1
  • NAD+ metabolite and its derivatives are fundamental orchestrators of daily homeostasis in our tissues while Vitamin B3 forms have been found to be potent boosters of energy metabolism in rodents as they are a precursors for NAD+. (nutraingredients.com)
Compounds3
  • In this context, 1 H MRS has allowed the measurements of energy metabolism-related compounds, whose concentrations can vary under different brain activation states. (frontiersin.org)
  • Examples of inborn errors of metabolism of nitrogen containing compounds. (up.ac.za)
  • In the second phase, the small molecules are oxidized, liberating chemical energy to form ATP as well as heat energy, to form one of the three compounds: acetate, oxaloacetate, or α-oxoglutarate. (britannica.com)
Carbohydrates3
  • Chapati flour is primarily composed of carbohydrates, which are the main source of energy for the body. (tylerstaproom.com)
  • It contains complex carbohydrates that are digested slowly, providing a steady release of energy over a prolonged period. (tylerstaproom.com)
  • It is used to break down carbohydrates and to make energy. (medlineplus.gov)
Dysregulation1
Excretion1
  • Several reviews and reports present the advantages and limitations of the currently available algorithms and software for in silico modelling of the drug dissolution/bioavailability, oral absorption rate/fraction, volume of distribution, path- ways, affinities or rates of metabolism, renal excretion rate as well as affinity for specific transporters [3-20]. (cdc.gov)
Biochemical1
  • The impact of MSNs on biochemical metabolism is poorly understood, and few studies have compared the effects of MSNs administered via different routes. (frontiersin.org)
AMPK1
  • AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of cellular energy status. (alliedacademies.org)
Brain1
  • Cericin, the company that makes Axona, states that during digestion, caprylic triglyceride is broken down into ketones, which provide an alternative energy source for the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Circadian2
  • Because the metabolism of the body changes in a circadian fashion, biophoton emissions also variate along the axis of diurnal time. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • Therefore, interactions between the host and a reductionist microbiota are non-uniform over the circadian cycle, revealing a promising tool to identify key microbiota species/functions that modify host metabolism. (biorxiv.org)
Protein1
  • Insulin deficiency as such results to a chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. (researchgate.net)
Context1
  • In this context, recent data suggests that astrocytic metabolism has been underestimated. (frontiersin.org)
Metabolic4
  • 7]This is consistent with an emerging view that biophotons are not solely cellular metabolic by-products, but rather, because biophoton intensity can be considerably higher inside cells than outside, it is possible for the mind to access this energy gradient to create intrinsic biophysical pictures during visual perception and imagery. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • "The study is a significant leap in the development of targeted therapy options for energy metabolic diseases" ​, Suomalainen-Wartiovaara continues. (nutraingredients.com)
  • They modulate energy metabolism through the deacetylation of various substrates, including transcription factors, metabolic enzymes, and histones. (alliedacademies.org)
  • With TSI growth medium, the lack of sufficient fermentative metabolism, left the color of the medium a bright red color, for with little metabolic reactivity, there is no accompanying change in pH, and no change in the color of the pH sensitive indicator dye contained in the medium. (cdc.gov)
Significantly1
  • Neither baseline iron status nor IV iron significantly influenced high-energy phosphate metabolism. (figshare.com)
Regulator1
Magnesium1
Molecules1
  • Individual triglyceride molecules can be oxidatively metabolized under conditions of energy scarcity to provide energy for metabolizing cells. (news-medical.net)
Intake2
Cells5
  • Experience: Martin Brand is an authority on mitochondria, the energy-converting unit of cells and their influence on aging and disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Apparently biophotons are used by the cells of many living organisms to communicate, which facilitates energy/information transfer that is several orders of magnitude faster than chemical diffusion. (oneradionetwork.com)
  • Vitamins C and B2 help protect cells against oxidative damage. (elancyl.com)
  • Influential research by Warburg and Cori in the 1920s ignited interest in how cancer cells' energy generation is different from that of normal cells. (researchgate.net)
  • energy generation is different from that of normal cells. (researchgate.net)
Supports1
  • Supports a healthy metabolism and cellular energy. (doterra.com)
Muscles1
  • Niacin restored NAD+ in the muscle of the patients to the normal level and improved strength of large muscles and mitochondrial oxidative capacity. (nutraingredients.com)
Normal1
Processes1
  • small amounts of energy are released in the form of heat in these processes. (britannica.com)
Humans1