AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsNamed Groups
AcetaldehydeCyanamideEthanolOxidation-ReductionAldehyde DehydrogenaseAldehyde OxidoreductasesAlcohol DehydrogenaseDisulfiramAldehydesNADAlcoholsKineticsCentral Nervous System DepressantsAlcohol OxidoreductasesLiverPyruvate DecarboxylaseAcetatesToxicity Tests, AcuteAlcohol DeterrentsButanonesFlushingAcetoinHydrogen PeroxideChromatography, High Pressure LiquidCytochrome P-450 CYP2E1Fatty AcidsAlcoholicsFermentationAlcohol DrinkingAlcoholismScienceFetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
AceticNADHEthanol to acetaldehydeOxidized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenaseFormaldehyde and acetaldehydePhotocatalyticAlcoholAldehydesDiacetylReactionCarcinogenicCofactorCompoundIndustriallyCatalystsAlcoholicDetectableEnzymeLeitnerDehydrationConcentrationsCarbonEmissionsReductionProcessCompoundsDigestiveIntermediateReactionsLiverToxicIndoorRapidlyLevelsProcessesAdditionImportantEffectActivityWineCompletelyIncreaseProductsPropertiesDevelopmentJournalBeerProduction
Acetic8
  • On oxidation it forms acetic acid and ethanol on reduction. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Acetic acid is produced industrially by the liquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde (ethanal) at 60°C by oxygen or air under pressure in the presence of manganese (II) ethanoate (the latter preventing the formation of perethanoic acid). (daviddarling.info)
  • Pyridine & pyridine bases are manufactured by the reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonium acetate, where acetic acid is used as a solvent, in a refluxing tank reactor under atmospheric pressure. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Ethanol infusion increased the ratio of total hepatocellular NADH/NAD+, and the ratio of free NADH/NAD+ in cytosol and mitochondria as a consequence of sequential oxidations of ethanol producing acetaldehyde and acetic acid in the respective compartments. (aspetjournals.org)
  • During this oxidation process, the VOC was initially converted into acetic acid, then into formic acid, and finally into carbon dioxide and water. (theiet.org)
  • 1913 Webster] Acetous fermentation or Acetic fermentation , a form of oxidation in which alcohol is converted into vinegar or acetic acid by the agency of a specific fungus ( Mycoderma aceti ) or series of enzymes. (freedictionary.org)
  • Acetaldehyde is primarily used as an intermediate in the manufacturing of acetic acid, flavorings, aniline dyes, plastics and synthetic rubber, in some fuel compounds and in the manufacture of numerous other products (Muttray et al. (who.int)
  • Acetaldehyde is metabolized further to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase. (medscape.com)
NADH4
  • The process is associated with the oxidation of NADH to NAD+. (assignmentexpert.com)
  • Together, these enzymes couple decarboxylation of pyruvate to ethanol with the oxidation of NADH and thus represent an alternative to the AdhE ethanol formation pathway. (researchgate.net)
  • The toxic electrophile produced by cytochrome P-450 oxidation of acetaminophen, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, is reduced rapidly by NADH in aqueous solution. (aspetjournals.org)
  • However, acetaminophen alone also increased free NADH/NAD+ in cytosol, and there was no indication that N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine consumed NADH generated by the oxidation of ethanol. (aspetjournals.org)
Ethanol to acetaldehyde1
Oxidized to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase1
Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde3
  • Tests were conducted for two aromatics (toluene and ethylbenzene) and two aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) as individual compound and binary mixture, and three alkanes (octane, decane and dodecane) as individual compound, binary and ternary mixtures. (syr.edu)
  • Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, two oxidation byproducts, were quantified downstream of each sample. (cdc.gov)
  • Emission rates of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were not found to be large enough to substantially increase indoor concentrations in typical building scenarios. (cdc.gov)
Photocatalytic1
  • Chen, W & Zhang, J 2008, ' Photocatalytic oxidation of multi-component systems - An investigation using toluene/ethylbenzene, octane/decane/dodecane and formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ', Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies , vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 163-173. (syr.edu)
Alcohol9
  • The ET strain has a G609D variant in Cphy3925 AdhE, a putative acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (researchgate.net)
  • The disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER) is due to increased serum acetaldehyde concentrations generated by the metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Ethanol is mainly metabolized in the liver to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (medscape.com)
  • The major alcohol metabolism pathway is through oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (springer.com)
  • Leitner, W. Supported palladium nanoparticles on hybrid mesoporous silica: Structure/activity-relationship in the aerobic alcohol oxidation using supercritical carbon dioxide. (mpg.de)
  • Leitner, W. Palladium nanoparticles stabilised on PEG-modified silica as catalysts for the aerobic alcohol oxidation in supercritical carbon dioxide. (mpg.de)
  • Schüth, F. Molecular level dispersed Pd clusters in the carbon walls of ordered mesoporous carbon as a highly selective alcohol oxidation catalyst. (mpg.de)
  • During alcohol consumption, acetaldehyde is formed in the digestive system by microbes in normal gut and flora. (who.int)
  • Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), a cytosolic enzyme, metabolizes alcohol to acetaldehyde in hepatocytes. (medscape.com)
Aldehydes1
  • Second is unveiling the fate of acetaldehyde, Strecker aldehydes and polyfunctional mercaptans , highlighting their relationship with wine oxidation, sulfur dioxide and the grape amino acid and polyphenolic profiles. (asev.org)
Diacetyl2
Reaction7
  • Alkynylation reaction of acetaldehyde by asymmetric catalysis has been reported. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • An increased serum acetaldehyde concentration is thought to be responsible for the unpleasant side effects associated with the disulfiram-ethanol reaction. (medscape.com)
  • This reaction results in the production of acetaldehyde, a carcinogenic compound, which is enzymatically reduced to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) [ 12 ]. (springer.com)
  • I read up on this once, it's hard to prevent further oxidation, how do you suppose it'd easily work with a Cu-catalysed reaction? (sciencemadness.org)
  • Leitner, W. Selective Oxidation of Alkanes with Molecular Oxygen and Acetaldehyde in Compressed (Supercritical) Carbon Dioxide as Reaction Medium. (mpg.de)
  • Pyridine is produced by the reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonia. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Clearly, based on the CV curve for the oxidation of ethanol, with increasing temperature, the overall oxidation current increased, and the onset potential and peak potential both negatively shifted, indicating that thermal activation allows the oxidation reaction to proceed easier. (pku.edu.cn)
Carcinogenic1
  • Acetaldehyde is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) because there is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde, and there is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. (who.int)
Cofactor2
  • Disulfiram irreversibly inhibits the oxidation of acetaldehyde by competing with the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for binding sites on ALDH (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Disulfiram reduces the rate of oxidation of acetaldehyde by competing with the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) for binding sites on aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). (medscape.com)
Compound1
  • Occupational exposure to acetaldehyde may occur by inhalation and skin exposure at workplaces where this compound is produced or used. (who.int)
Industrially1
  • Acetaldehyde is an industrially important solvent used as an intermediate for the synthesis of a wide range of compounds. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Catalysts2
  • Pyridine & pyridine base derivative lead the overall acetaldehyde market, due to their use as scavengers and as catalysts in several reactions. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The team turned the light on, heating the shade to temperatures up to about 250°F - warm enough to activate the catalysts and decompose acetaldehyde. (theiet.org)
Alcoholic1
Detectable2
  • I have a Helles on tap that had no detectable acetaldehyde once maturation was complete. (homebrewersassociation.org)
  • In a small popcorn popping plant, NIOSH (2009b) reported that acetaldehyde concentrations in air were less than the detectable (0.09 ppm) or quantifiable (0.15 ppm) concentrations. (who.int)
Enzyme2
Leitner1
  • Leitner, W. Biphasic aerobic oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by poly(ethylene glycol)-stabilized palladium nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide. (mpg.de)
Dehydration1
  • Crotonaldehyde is generally produced by aldol condensation of acetaldehyde, followed by dehydration. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations5
  • The highest acetaldehyde concentrations were generally found in fortified wines (118 ± 120 mg/l, range 12-800 mg/l). (who.int)
  • 100 µM) concentrations of acetaldehyde. (who.int)
  • Three recent studies have reported acetaldehyde air concentrations in facilities that produce and use flavorings. (who.int)
  • In a facility that manufactures flavorings, modified dairy products and bacterial additives, NIOSH (2007) reported mean, full-shift time-weighted average (TWA) acetaldehyde air concentrations of 0.14 ppm in the powder production room, 0.07 ppm in the liquid production room, and 0.07 ppm in the pre-production corridor. (who.int)
  • TWA acetaldehyde air concentrations were 0.44 ppm in the spray-drying room, 0.343 ppm in the powder production room, 0.273 ppm in the liquid production room, and 0.029 ppm in the pre-production corridor. (who.int)
Carbon1
  • For example, the complete oxidation of glucose, fats and some amino acids leads to the production of water and carbon dioxide. (assignmentexpert.com)
Emissions2
  • Salt stress led to an increase of LOX-related BVOCs, and acetaldehyde which supports the hypothesis that acetaldehyde emissions are linked to the oxidation of C 18 fatty acids of cell membranes. (copernicus.org)
  • Sources of acetaldehyde are industrial burning processes, traffic emissions or emissions emerging from the combustion of wood. (who.int)
Reduction1
Process5
  • A process involving direct oxidation of 1,3-butadiene to crotonaldehyde with palladium catalysis has also been reported. (cdc.gov)
  • An intermediate product, acetaldehyde, is formed in the first process. (freedictionary.org)
  • Thus, the complete oxidation process is not easy, and the fuel utilization efficiency becomes considerably reduced. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Personal task-based sampling among process operators ranged from 0.2 to 14 mg/m3 acetaldehyde (van Rooy et al. (who.int)
  • Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzymatic activity is involved in this process. (bvsalud.org)
Compounds1
  • The lampshades target volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which account for most indoor airborne pollutants, including acetaldehyde and formaldehyde. (theiet.org)
Digestive1
  • OBJECTIVE: Acetaldehyde can accumulate in cells and form acetaldehyde-DNA adducts that result in digestive tract cancer development. (bvsalud.org)
Intermediate2
Reactions1
  • It was found that CO 2 had the highest selectivity at high temperature and low potential, indicating that high temperature is conducive to complete ethanol oxidation during CO 2 formation, possibly because both the ethanol bridge adsorption pattern and adsorbed OH (OH ad ) increased with temperature, enhancing subsequent CO ad and OH ad oxidation reactions. (pku.edu.cn)
Liver1
  • Ethanol (5 mM) had only a modest effect on the oxidation of acetaminophen in rat liver microsomes, 7 to 14% inhibition over a range of acetaminophen concentration of 0.1 to 3 mM, whereas a 30 to 40% decline of covalent binding of acetaminophen-derived material was observed in vivo (peak acetaminophen concentration approximately 3 mM). (aspetjournals.org)
Toxic1
Indoor1
Rapidly1
Levels4
  • Background levels of acetaldehyde can be tasted in Budweiser due to the use of beechwood chips to drop the yeast before it can be reduced to ethanol. (homebrewersassociation.org)
  • Thus, Huh-7 may be more vulnerable to ethanol toxicity because of the higher levels of acetaldehyde. (springer.com)
  • The study showed that oxidation was higher for upright samples sealed with agglomerated cork stoppers, with elevated acetaldehyde levels seen in white wine samples from the 3-month timepoint onwards. (awri.com.au)
  • In an investigation to evaluate environmental tobacco smoke exposure among casino dealers in three U.S. casinos, NIOSH (2009a) found that the levels of acetaldehyde in full-shift personal breathing zone ranged from 4.8 to 17.0 g/m3. (who.int)
Processes1
  • Among the numerous processes for producing glyoxal, only those using acetaldehyde [75-07-0] and ethylene glycol [107-21-1] as starting materials have been developed commercially. (sciencemadness.org)
Addition1
Important1
  • Another important route is the liquid-phase oxidation of butane by air at 50 atm. (daviddarling.info)
Effect1
  • Effect of Temperature on the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol[J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
Activity4
  • The mutated Cphy3925 lost NAD(H)-dependent activities, but, unlike the mutated AdhE in C. thermocellum , the G609D mutation did not result in NADPH-dependent ADH activity (Fig. 3B to E). Instead, our results support the notion that the ET strain arrested AdhE-mediated interconversion of acetyl-CoA, acetaldehyde, and ethanol, which helps explain why the C. phytofermentans ET strain had lower ethanol yield. (researchgate.net)
  • Other potential contributions include pectinolytic activity, which could aid juice clarification and the ability to break down acetaldehyde, even when bound to SO 2 , reducing the need for SO 2 additions during winemaking. (frontiersin.org)
  • The electrocatalytic activity of commercial Pt/C for ethanol oxidation is relatively low, and the C―C bond is difficult to break. (pku.edu.cn)
  • The decreased insulin-to-glucagon ratio that occurs in starvation indirectly reduces the inhibition on CAT activity, thereby allowing more free fatty acids to undergo oxidation and ketone body formation. (medscape.com)
Wine1
  • Beer (9 ± 7 mg/l, range 0-63 mg/l) had significantly lower acetaldehyde contents than wine (34 ± 34 mg/l, range 0-211 mg/l), or spirits (66 ± 101 mg/l, range 0-1159 mg/l). (who.int)
Completely1
  • Racking to prevent autolysis is not necessary, and therefore the risk of oxidation is completely avoidable. (homebrewtalk.com)
Increase1
Products1
  • Acetaldehyde is used as a flavoring agent in several food products, and is widely used in the food & beverage industry as a preservative for fruits, fish, and as a flavoring agent. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Properties1
Development1
  • Growing industrialization in the Asia Pacific along with increasing manufacturing activities, backed by infrastructural development, has offered significant opportunities for the use of acetaldehyde in the region. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Journal1
  • Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies , 11 (1), 163-173. (syr.edu)
Beer2
  • The flavor was great at bottliing but after 1 week in the beer seemed to develope an acetaldehyde flavor. (homebrewersassociation.org)
  • The risk inherent to any beer transfer, whether it is fermenter-to-fermenter or fermenter-to-bottles, is oxidation and staling. (homebrewtalk.com)
Production3
  • Many fruits, such as apples, may have their own metabolic pathways for acetaldehyde production. (who.int)
  • A task-based acetaldehyde air concentration of 0.19 ppm was measured during pouring and mixing of ingredients for a fruit flavor in the liquid production room. (who.int)
  • The highest task-based acetaldehyde air concentration (4.02 ppm) was measured during packaging of a powdered dairy-flavored product in the powder production room. (who.int)