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Cavernous SinusCavernous Sinus ThrombosisVentricular Outflow ObstructionUrethral ObstructionSphenoid SinusUrinary Bladder Neck ObstructionHepatic VeinsCardiomyopathy, HypertrophicIntestinal ObstructionAirway ObstructionBudd-Chiari SyndromeCranial SinusesAbducens Nerve DiseasesCarotid-Cavernous Sinus FistulaCentral Nervous System Vascular MalformationsTripelennamineCranial NervesOphthalmoplegiaUreteral ObstructionVenous ValvesSinus Thrombosis, IntracranialCranial Fossa, MiddleCerebral VeinsSphenoid BoneDura MaterPhlebographyMaxillary SinusSella TurcicaIliac VeinOculomotor Nerve DiseasesParanasal SinusesArteriovenous FistulaSinus of ValsalvaVenous InsufficiencyPostthrombotic SyndromeParanasal Sinus NeoplasmsEmbolization, TherapeuticCarotid SinusVena Cava, InferiorVenous PressureTomography, X-Ray ComputedHeart SeptumSkull Base NeoplasmsCerebral AngiographyUrinary RetentionAortic Stenosis, SubvalvularPituitary NeoplasmsTreatment OutcomeParanasal Sinus DiseasesNeurosurgical ProceduresFrontal SinusConstriction, PathologicMaxillary Sinus NeoplasmsExophthalmosCarotid Artery, InternalMagnetic Resonance ImagingCranial Nerve DiseasesDuodenal ObstructionVeinsTrochlear NerveHemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous SystemCoronary SinusTrigeminal Nerve DiseasesMeningeal ArteriesHeart Defects, CongenitalOrbitPulmonary Valve StenosisRetrospective StudiesOrbital DiseasesSkull BaseCatheterizationNasal ObstructionCentral Nervous System CystsFemoral VeinHepatic Veno-Occlusive DiseaseHemangioma, CavernousPulmonary ValveUrologyEchocardiographyHorner SyndromePetrous BoneGastric Outlet ObstructionFollow-Up StudiesSphenoid SinusitisHypoplastic Left Heart SyndromeHeart VentriclesEndoscopyAnastomosis, SurgicalHeart Septal Defects, VentricularDiplopiaCranial Nerve NeoplasmsAbducens NerveSick Sinus SyndromeEthmoid SinusPostoperative ComplicationsMeningiomaOculomotor NerveMicrosurgeryTolosa-Hunt SyndromeAqueous Humor

Carotid-cavernoVenous sinusSigmoid sinusesThyroid ophthalmopathyParanasalStenosisTransverse-sigmoid sinusFistulaeRhinosinusitisPosteriorInflammationEthmoidSphenoidFrontal sinusDrainageSymptomsMucosaArteriovenousMaxillaryFacialInfectionNasal cavityNoseCommonlyAnteriorTypicallyAffectsInfectionsVeinFluidScanPressureHandFullTreatmentWallNarrowYearsMain

Carotid-caverno2

• Arteriovenous anomalies associated with increased EVP include carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, orbital varix, Sturge-Weber syndrome, orbital-meningeal shunts, carotid-jugular venous shunts, and intraocular vascular shunts. (medscape.com)
• Diplopia may be a presenting complaint of patients with a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, thyroid ophthalmopathy, or retrobulbar tumor. (medscape.com)

Venous sinus7

• A dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) or malformation is an abnormal direct connection (fistula) between a meningeal artery and a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. (wikipedia.org)
• Current evidence supports transverse-sigmoid sinus junction dural malformations are acquired defects, occurring in response to thrombosis and collateral revascularization of a venous sinus. (wikipedia.org)
• The Borden Classification of dural arteriovenous malformations or fistulas, groups into three types based upon their venous drainage: Type I: dural arterial supply drains anterograde into venous sinus. (wikipedia.org)
• Type II: dural arterial supply drains into venous sinus. (wikipedia.org)
• Type I dural arteriovenous fistulas are supplied by meningeal arteries and drain into a meningeal vein or dural venous sinus. (wikipedia.org)
• The flow within the draining vein or venous sinus is anterograde. (wikipedia.org)
• During dissection of the meningioma, some bleeding from the venous sinus was noted, which was easily controlled by packing with hemostatic materials. (bvsalud.org)

Sigmoid sinuses2

• Most commonly found adjacent to dural sinuses in the following locations: Transverse (lateral) sinus, left-sided slightly more common than right Intratentorial From the posterior cavernous sinus, usually draining to the transverse or sigmoid sinuses Vertebral artery (posterior meningeal branch) It is still unclear whether DAVFs are congenital or acquired. (wikipedia.org)
• Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor indented and possibly partially invaded the adjacent junction of the nondominant transverse and sigmoid sinuses. (bvsalud.org)

Thyroid ophthalmopathy1

• Venous obstruction may be caused by a retrobulbar tumor, thyroid ophthalmopathy, superior vena cava syndrome, congestive heart failure, thrombosis of the cavernous sinus or orbital vein, vasculitis involving the episcleral or orbital vein, and jugular vein obstruction. (medscape.com)

Paranasal4

• Sinusitis is characterized by inflammation of the lining of the paranasal sinuses. (medscape.com)
• Paranasal sinuses are hollow spaces in the bones of the face and skull that are covered in a thin layer of mucosa (soft tissue lining that produces mucus). (parkwayshenton.com.sg)
• The paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and face. (medscape.com)
• The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus and lies inferior to the eyes in the maxillary bone. (medscape.com)

Stenosis1

• Thus, in addition to venous outflow, CCSVI due to jugular stenosis and faulty valves, and CCVBP due to upper cervical misalignments can affect brain cooling capacity due their impact on venous outflow and arterial cooling in the cavernous and suboccipital cavernous sinuses. (mscureenigmas.net)

Transverse-sigmoid sinus2

• The most common signs/symptoms of DAVFs are: Pulsatile tinnitus Occipital bruit Headache Visual impairment Papilledema Pulsatile tinnitus is the most common symptom in patients, and it is associated with transverse-sigmoid sinus DAVFs. (wikipedia.org)
• In traditional anatomy teaching, it is believed that asterion sits over the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction (TSSJ). (bvsalud.org)

Fistulae2

• Traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae occur more commonly in males than in females. (medscape.com)
• Spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae typically occur in middle-aged to elderly individuals, while traumatic carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae occur most commonly in young persons. (medscape.com)

Rhinosinusitis2

• Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) - A condition that usually affects multiple sinuses on both sides, with marked swelling of the sinus mucosa (polyposis) and thick allergic mucus discharge. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)
• Sinusitis , also known as rhinosinusitis , is inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms. (mdwiki.org)

Posterior3

• The point of TSSJ was taken between the two lips and just posterior to the entry of the superior petrosal sinus. (bvsalud.org)
• The posterior wall of the frontal sinus, which separates the sinus from the anterior cranial fossa, is much thinner than its anterior wall. (medscape.com)
• The sphenoid sinus is supplied by the sphenopalatine artery, except for the planum sphenoidale, which is supplied by the posterior ethmoidal artery. (medscape.com)

Inflammation3

• Sinusitis is a disease characterised by inflammation of the tissue lining the sinuses. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)
• The change from acute to chronic sinusitis is a gradual process of persisting sinus inflammation. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)
• The fungus grows within the sinus, causing localised inflammation. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)

Ethmoid1

• The ethmoid sinuses arise in the ethmoid bone, forming several distinct air cells between the eyes. (medscape.com)

Sphenoid6

• Sphenoid sinus: hollow space filling body, immediately below hypophyseal fossa 2. (slideshare.net)
• The sphenoid sinus originates in the sphenoid bone at the center of the head. (medscape.com)
• The sphenoid sinus is variably pneumatized and may extend as far as the foramen magnum in some patients. (medscape.com)
• The thickness of the walls of the sphenoid sinus is variable, with the anterosuperior wall and the roof of the sphenoid sinus (the planum sphenoidale) being the thinnest bones. (medscape.com)
• The sphenoid sinus ostium is located on the anterosuperior surface of the sphenoid face, usually medial to the superior turbinate. (medscape.com)
• Innervation of the sphenoid sinus comes from branches of the first and second divisions of the trigeminal nerve. (medscape.com)

Frontal sinus2

• The frontal sinus is housed in the frontal bone superior to the eyes in the forehead. (medscape.com)
• The frontal sinus is supplied by the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries of the ophthalmic artery. (medscape.com)

Drainage5

• High pressure in sinus results in both anterograde drainage and retrograde drainage via subarachnoid veins. (wikipedia.org)
• Treatment of acute sinusitis consists of providing adequate drainage of the involved sinus and appropriate systemic treatment of the likely bacterial pathogens. (medscape.com)
• Drainage can be achieved surgically with sinus puncture and irrigation techniques. (medscape.com)
• It is interesting to note that recent research by Dr. Paulo Zamboni suggests that obstruction of the drainage system of the brain, which he calls chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) can cause multiple sclerosis (MS). Dr. Zamboni attributes the cause of CCSVI to obstruction in the jugular veins (one of the main extracranial drainage routes). (mscureenigmas.net)
• The cavernous and suboccipital cavernous sinues, as well as most of the brain, drain into two extracranial venous drainage routes. (mscureenigmas.net)

Symptoms1

• [12] Often, a localized headache or toothache is present, and these symptoms distinguish a sinus-related headache from other types of headaches, such as tension and migraine headaches. (mdwiki.org)

Mucosa1

• CRS with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) - Nasal polyps represent severe swelling of the sinus mucosa. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)

Arteriovenous2

• External Manual Carotid Compression is Effective in Patients with Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulaetreatment. (wikipedia.org)
• The three general pathophysiological mechanisms of increased EVP are arteriovenous anomalies, venous obstruction, and idiopathic. (medscape.com)

Maxillary8

• Air-fluid level (arrow) in the maxillary sinus suggests sinusitis. (medscape.com)
• The natural ostium of the maxillary sinus is located in the superior portion of the medial wall. (medscape.com)
• The anterior maxillary sinus wall houses the infraorbital nerve, which runs through the infraorbital canal along the roof of the sinus and sends branches to the soft tissues of the cheek. (medscape.com)
• The thinnest portion of the anterior wall is above the canine tooth, called the canine fossa, which is an ideal entry site for addressing various disease processes of the maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
• The roof of the maxillary sinus is the floor of the orbit. (medscape.com)
• Behind the posteromedial wall of the maxillary sinus lies the pterygopalatine fossa, a small inverted space that houses several important neurovascular structures and communicates with several skull base foramina. (medscape.com)
• The infratemporal fossa lies behind the posterolateral wall of the maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
• The maxillary sinus is supplied by branches of the internal maxillary artery, which include the infraorbital, alveolar, greater palatine, and sphenopalatine arteries. (medscape.com)

Facial1

• Headache or facial pain or pressure of a dull, constant, or aching sort over the affected sinuses is common with both acute and chronic stages of sinusitis. (mdwiki.org)

Infection1

• People with migraines do not typically have the thick nasal discharge that is a common symptom of a sinus infection. (mdwiki.org)

Nasal cavity1

• This development places the floor of the sinus well below the floor of the nasal cavity. (medscape.com)

Nose1

• The fungus causes destruction of tissues in and around the nose and sinuses. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)

Commonly1

• Glaucoma associated with ICE syndrome is believed to be due to trabecular meshwork obstruction caused by peripheral anterior synechiae or, less commonly, an abnormal cellular membrane. (medscape.com)

Anterior2

• Sinuses, anterior and sectioned views. (medscape.com)
• Anterior detrusor flap in urogenital sinus repair. (ucsf.edu)

Typically1

• Typically this is because the sinus has outflow obstruction. (wikipedia.org)

Affects1

• Fungal "ball" or fungal mycetoma - The most common type of fungal sinusitis which usually affects just one sinus. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)

Infections1

• Sinus infections can also cause middle-ear problems due to the congestion of the nasal passages. (mdwiki.org)

Vein1

• Treatment can be as simple as clipping the draining vein at the site of the dural sinus. (wikipedia.org)

Fluid1

• It is the first sinus to develop and is filled with fluid at birth. (medscape.com)

Scan1

• A complete sinus CT scan with frontal and coronal planes is used if an alternative diagnosis (eg, tumors) must be excluded. (medscape.com)

Pressure1

• citation needed] The high pressure within a Type II dural AV fistula causes blood to flow in a retrograde fashion into subarachnoid veins which normally drain into the sinus. (wikipedia.org)

Hand1

• Carotid-cavernous DAVFs, on the other hand, are more closely associated with pulsatile exophthalmos. (wikipedia.org)

Full1

• The sinus reaches its full size by the late teenage years. (medscape.com)

Treatment1

• The treatment may involve embolization of the draining sinus as well as clipping or embolization of the draining veins. (wikipedia.org)

Wall2

• Such a catastrophic outcome after an apparently trivial nondominant transverse sinus injury during resection of a tentorial meningioma raises the question whether reconstruction of the sinus wall with preservation of its patency might have prevented this complication in our patient. (bvsalud.org)
• The shape of the sinus is a pyramid, with the base along the nasal wall and the apex pointing laterally toward the zygoma. (medscape.com)

Narrow1

• The sinuses are connected by narrow pathways to the nasal passages. (parkwayshenton.com.sg)

Years1

• Growth of this sinus increases at the age of 6 and continues until the late teenage years. (medscape.com)

Main1

• BACKGROUND: Main anatomical landmarks of retrosigmoid craniotomy are transverse sinus (TS), sigmoid sinus (SS), and the confluence of both. (bvsalud.org)