Outbreaks influenza a virus h7n9 subtype. Medical search. Frequent questions

H5N1 and H7N9 as well as other strains have caused a few lethal outbreaks and could potentially cause a pandemic if they become able to spread more easily. (medscape.com)
Avian influenza of subtypes H5N1 and H7N9 are classical examples of direct animal to human transmission. (rroij.com)
The only subtypes known to be able to cross the species barrier to humans are H5N1 and H7N9. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Unlike other types of flu, H5N1 and H7N9 usually do not spread between people. (dailynewsegypt.com)
By understanding how viruses like COVID-19 , as well as the H5N1 and H7N9 influenza strains, move from species to species, researchers and health officials can develop more informed strategies for preventing future zoonotic disease outbreaks. (upi.com)
Most cases of avian influenza in humans have been caused by Asian strains H5N1 and H7N9, but other types have also caused some human infections. (msdmanuals.com)
These epidemics and pandemics include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), avian influenza subtypes (H5N1 and H7N9) in Southeast Asia and China, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in the Middle East and South Korea, Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa. (panafrican-med-journal.com)

additionally, 6 internal genes are closely related to those of an A(H9N2) virus isolated from a brambling ( Fringilla montifringilla ) sample during 2012 in Beijing, China ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
We also examine the prevalence of individual H7, N9, and H9N2 subtypes in Asia. (cdc.gov)
To determine prevalence of H7, N9, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes, we reviewed 48 peer-reviewed avian influenza surveillance studies in which sample sizes were stated and subtypes were nonselectively detected by using sequence analysis, reverse transcription PCR, or hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition assays. (cdc.gov)
H7 subtype, less than .05 percent tested positive for any N9 subtype, and less than .01 percent tested positive for an H7N9 strain, and less than .02 percent tested positive for an H9N2 strain. (cdc.gov)
Other genes housed a bit more genetic diversity, the study's authors noted, and half a dozen genes showed signs of mixing with sequences from influenza A viruses in the H9N2 subtype. (genomeweb.com)
Avian influenza types (AI) A(H5N1), A(H5N6), A(H7N7), A(H7N9), A(H9N2), which originated in birds, and swine influenza A(H3N2)v, which originated in pigs, Human infections with swine flu A(H1N1v) and A(H3N2v) viruses have been reported from different regions, with maximum notified from North America and Europe. (rroij.com)
Over the last 20 years, there have been regular introductions of H5N1 strains and occasional cases of H7N1 and H9N2 infections, mostly associated with outbreaks in poultry ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
We tested nasopharyngeal (NP) and throat swabs from workers with influenza-like-illness (ILI) and NP, throat, and arm swabs from asymptomatic workers for influenza virus by rRT-PCR and sera for seroconversion and antibodies against HPAI A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses. (cdc.gov)
Fowl typhoid (FT), a septicemic disease caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), and H9N2 influenza infection are two economically important diseases that affect poultry industry worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, we show that SG delivering M2eCD40L can act as a bivalent vaccine against FT and H9N2 infection and further studies are warranted to develop this SG-M2eCD40L vaccine as a broadly protective vaccine against avian influenza virus subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
In South Korea, H9N2 subtype has been endemic since 2000 and the infection is mainly controlled through the use of an oil adjuvanted inactivated H9N2 vaccine, which has dramatically decreased the incidence of H9N2 infection in chicken farms [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
They have made major contributions towards understanding the emergence, transmission, epidemiology and pathogenesis of highly pathogenic avian influenzas including H5N1, H9N2, H6N1, H7N9, H5Nx and others and have provided evidence-based options for control of avian influenza viruses in Asia. (gairdner.org)
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that this Sanmenxia H5N1 virus was a novel reassortant, possessing a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA gene and a H9N2-derived PB2 gene. (nature.com)
subtype (i.e. avian influenza viruses to infections such as avian influenza and For this review we included pub- including H5N1, H7N9, H7N2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome cor- lished and unpublished reports of the H9N2, swine flu/pandemic influenza onavirus (MERS-CoV). (who.int)
The new avian influenza A (H7N9) virus consists of genetic material from a minimum of three different influenza viruses originating from birds, but the majority of the genetic material probably originates from a type H9N2 virus, which is common in Chinese poultry. (ssi.dk)
Influenza viruses are broadly categorized by their two surface glycoproteins - hemagglutinin ( HA ) and neuraminidase ( NA ) - hence we often talk about seasonal H1N1 or H3N2, or avian H5N1 or H9N2 viral subtypes. (blogspot.com)
The low pathogenicity AIVs A(H7N9) and A(H9N2) are also potential threats for global public health, related to the ability of these viruses to cause human infections in people in close contact with infected poultry ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)

To create the vaccine candidate, researchers used the stem of an H1N1 influenza virus. (medscape.com)
The fact that the H1N1 candidate vaccine was effective against H5N1 infection - a different influenza subtype - suggests the antibodies the vaccine induces can be protective against other "group 1" influenza subtypes, including H1 and H5. (medscape.com)
While much knowledge regarding the virus has been discovered, we are still no closer to having the ability to predict the next pandemic, such as in the case of 2009 H1N1 pandemic. (springer.com)
The infections identified included: ARI, avian influenza A(H5N1), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. (who.int)
Influenza A(H1N1) was an important cause of morbidity during the 2009 pandemic. (who.int)
Re-collection creates most beneficial situations for influenza pandemics just like the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic that took place in 2009-2010. (rroij.com)
The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was initially caused by new re-assortant virus, this is the aggregate of swine-avianhuman influenza viruses, arising from pigs which later mutated to efficiently become transmissible among human beings. (rroij.com)
Only two influenza A virus subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09, and A(H3N2), are currently circulating among people. (cdc.gov)
The influenza season happens every year during autumn, winter, and early spring months, and the influenza viruses that circulate each season tend to be the usual suspects: influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and influenza B viruses. (thehorse.com)
The novel virus, commonly called swine flu, is named influenza A (H1N1). (bcm.edu)
Fortunately, however, H1N1 is far less deadly than the H5N1 virus. (bcm.edu)
In only a few short weeks after emerging in North America, the new H1N1 virus reached around the world. (bcm.edu)
Although the 2009 H1N1 pandemic did not turn out to be as deadly as initially feared, the next pandemic flu virus could emerge at any time, and we must remain vigilant. (bcm.edu)
Hopefully, the knowledge gained in response to the H5N1 and 2009 H1N1 outbreaks, and continued research to more completely understand influenza virus, as well as improvements in vaccine and drug development, will enable us to minimize the effects of future influenza outbreaks. (bcm.edu)
Neumann G, Noda T, Kawaoka Y. Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus. (cdc.gov)
These clinical practice guidelines are an update to the guidelines published by the IDSA in 2009, prior to the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. (medscape.com)
A(H1N2) variant viruses and one human case of infection with an influenza A(H3N2) variant virus were reported officially.3 One additional human case of infection with an influenza A(H1N1)v virus was detected. (who.int)
Influenza A virus subtypes currently endemic in humans are H3N2 and H1N1 viruses. (cdc.gov)
Examples of different influenza A virus subtypes currently endemic in animals include H1N1 and H3N2 in pigs (different strains than those found in humans), H3N8 in horses, H3N2 in dogs, and H5N1 in wild water birds and domestic poultry. (cdc.gov)
For example, until 1998, only H1N1 viruses circulated widely in the U.S. pig population. (cdc.gov)
While a "shift" of this kind has not occurred in relation to avian influenza viruses, such a "shift" occurred in the spring of 2009 when an H1N1 virus with genes from North American Swine, Eurasian Swine, humans and birds emerged to infect people and quickly spread, causing a pandemic. (cdc.gov)
The Supreme Council of Health (SEC) has allayed fears of a new outbreak of H1N1 in Qatar following the death of a Qatari woman due to the illness. (blogspot.com)
In addition, the predominant influenza virus subtype was an H3N2, in contrast to dominance by H1N1 subtypes in recent past years. (medscape.com)

In China, cases of people co-infected with both H7N9 and seasonal influenza virus strains have been reported during the period of overlapping seasonal and H7N9 epidemics 10 . (nature.com)
The NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) hopes to develop a vaccine that will overcome the challenges associated with seasonal changes among influenza strains. (medscape.com)
Further understanding and determining host tropism would be important in identifying zoonotic influenza virus strains capable of crossing species barrier and infecting humans. (springer.com)
In addition, features from all 11 proteins were used to construct a combined model to predict host tropism of influenza virus strains. (springer.com)
Current understanding of influenza zoonotic transmission potential of novel strains still remains poorly understood. (springer.com)
Similar to H5N1 strains, this further affirms the potential of avian influenza strains capable of directly infecting human, causing severe illnesses. (springer.com)
Species barrier limits influenza strains from freely infecting different host organisms as they must overcome host range restriction to adapt to a new host. (springer.com)
We isolated 13 strains of H6 virus from faecal samples of migratory waterfowl in Anhui Province of China in 2014. (biomedcentral.com)
Several strains of viruses can be responsible. (dailynewsegypt.com)
For the new study, published Wednesday in the journal Cell Host and Microbe , researchers exposed ferrets to different strains of H10N7, the virus subtype responsible for the 2014 seal flu outbreak. (upi.com)
Comparisons of avian flu strain genomes and mammal-adapted strains revealed changes to the genes responsible for the regulation of hemagglutinin, a protein on the surface of influenza viruses. (upi.com)
Because the strains isolated for the study were collected late in the 2014 outbreak, scientists suggest the mutations may have occurred after the virus was already spreading among seals. (upi.com)
The findings suggests influenza strains may regularly adopt mutations that enable spread among mammals, the researchers said. (upi.com)
The An/13 HA displayed a relatively elevated pH of fusion characteristic of many avian strains, and An/13 resembled avian viruses in terms of attachment to tissues. (edu.au)
In sum, An/13 was found to retain fusion and attachment properties of an avian influenza virus but displayed robust growth and contact transmission in the guinea pig model atypical of avian strains and indicative of mammalian adaptation. (edu.au)
The influenza A subtypes are further classified into strains, and the names of the virus strains include the place where the strain was first found and the year of discovery. (bcm.edu)
The high genetic variability of influenza A viruses poses a continual challenge to seasonal and pandemic vaccine development, leaving antiviral drugs as the first line of defense against antigenically different strains or new subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
They initiated seminal studies of the underlying causes of H5 virus pathogenicity, the evolution of the H5N1 virus, and developed a highly effective monitoring and surveillance program of avian and swine influenza strains. (gairdner.org)
Guan and Peiris' investigations into the emergence and evolution of animal influenza H5 strains (and other H and N subtypes) and their role in identifying the SARS coronavirus, mode of transmission, risk factors, virus infectivity and period of infectivity, and identifying the original animal source were critical in the successful response to the outbreak. (gairdner.org)
The vaccine strains for the upcoming influenza season are selected annually by the Food and Drug Administration's Vaccines and Related Biologic Products Advisory Committee based on WHO's recommended Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccine composition. (medscape.com)
To complicate things even more, there are variants within each subtype, since influenza viruses are permanently evolving and new strains are constantly emerging (this explains why the vaccine changes each year). (pasteur.fr)
Each year, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends which strains should be used to compose the vaccine (three in France and four in other countries) on the basis of the information it receives from the different countries on the viruses circulating there. (pasteur.fr)
Hospitals also send us influenza virus strains from severe cases or treatment failures so that we can analyze their sensitivity to antiviral drugs. (pasteur.fr)
Over time, dozens of clades can emerge for a given subtype, and while some are supplanted by more ` biologically fit' strains, multiple clades can co-circulate. (blogspot.com)
Clades can be further divided into sub-clades , and subclades (e.g. 2.3.4.4b ) into genotypes ( and variants within genotypes ), producing a myriad of quasi-similar viruses - sometimes with differing characteristics (see Differences In Virulence Between Closely Related H5N1 Strains ) - but still often referred to (outside of scientific journals ) as a single subtype. (blogspot.com)
To investigate the origin of these Chinese isolates and understand their genetic relationship with the globally circulating H5N1 viruses, we performed a detailed phylogenic analysis of 233 representative H5N1 strains that were isolated from 28 countries. (blogspot.com)
H5N1 viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene have become the predominant strains causing global avian influenza outbreaks since October 2021. (blogspot.com)
The G1 viruses are the most widely circulating strains having been detected in wild birds or domestic poultry in 22 countries across Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America. (blogspot.com)
The 13 H5N1 viruses isolated in China belong to the G1, G7, G9, and G10 genotypes, and viruses of all four of these genotypes replicated efficiently in multiple organs of mice, although their pathogenicity varied among strains. (blogspot.com)
At the conclusion of today's session participants will be able to describe the current status of influenza activity in the United States, explain the circulating influenza strains seen this season and implications for clinicians, discuss antiviral treatment of influenza and implications for patient evaluation, testing and treatment. (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza is caused by strains of influenza A that normally infect only wild birds and domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
Marine mammals can also become infected with avian influenza strains (eg, H10N7 in harbor seals), with subsequent human infection reported. (msdmanuals.com)
Because all influenza viruses are capable of rapid genetic change, avian strains could possibly acquire the ability to spread more easily from person-to-person via direct mutation or via reassortment of genome subunits with human strains during replication in a human, animal or, avian host. (msdmanuals.com)
If these strains acquire the ability to spread efficiently from person to person, an influenza pandemic could result. (msdmanuals.com)
cases are known of humans getting infected from birds, with H5N1, H5N6, and H7N9 in particular, and some other strains. (vetandlife.ru)

The structure of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein in the virus and the lack of reports of severe disease in poultry indicate that the virus exhibits characteristics of low pathogenicity in birds ( 5 , 6 ). (cdc.gov)
The virus is a reassortant of avian viruses, but these human isolates contain mutations [hemagglutinin (HA) Q226L and PB2 E627K] that might make it easier for the virus to adapt to mammalian hosts. (flutrackers.com)
The primer set was specific to the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the H7N9 viruses currently causing the outbreak in China and had mismatches to all previously known avian or mammalian H7 HA sequences. (flutrackers.com)
In addition, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 viruses emerged that featured a polybasic cleavage site in the hemagglutinin (HA) and were lethal for poultry 7 , 8 . (nature.com)
It displays part of hemagglutinin (HA), an influenza protein, on the surface of a microscopic nanoparticle made of nonhuman ferritin. (medscape.com)
For instance, within hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes coding for surface glycoproteins used to classify influenza A subtypes, they saw between 99 and 100 percent sequence homology in the set of isolates tested. (genomeweb.com)
From their genome sequencing data, investigators speculated that the increased virulence and transmissibility of the human H7N9 isolates may stem from subtle genetic changes that alter one or two amino acids encoded by H7N9's basic polymerase 2 gene, for instance, and/or shift hemagglutinin interactions with host cell receptors. (genomeweb.com)
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an important zoonotic pathogen [ 1 ] and can be classified into 16 hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes and 9 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes based on the antigenicity of these two surface glycoproteins. (biomedcentral.com)
H stands for hemagglutinin, it binds the virus to cells in the respiratory tract, for example. (dailynewsegypt.com)
The pH of fusion of the hemagglutinin (HA) and the binding of virus to fixed guinea pig tissues were also examined. (edu.au)
To date, 18 hemagglutinin (H1-H18) and 11 neuraminidase (N1-N11) subtypes have been identified ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
His studies in Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 integrate themes in fields like Hemagglutinin and Orthomyxoviridae. (research.com)
Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). (mdpi.com)
Dr. Richard and her team found subtype-specific secondary RNA structures in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza viruses that might be implicated in the emergence of HPAIV. (erasmusmc.nl)
Funk M, de Bruin ACM, Spronken MI, Gultyaev AP, Richard M . In Silico Analyses of the Role of Codon Usage at the Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site in Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Genesis. (erasmusmc.nl)
The VaxArray Influenza Pandemic Hemagglutinin potency test kit is now available for flu vaccines containing H5, H7, and H9 flu subtypes, which includes new H7 vaccines against the deadly avian H7N9 virus. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
In contrast, the VaxArray® Pandemic Hemagglutinin Potency product is ready for use "off the shelf" and, subject to regulatory approval for lot release testing, could be implemented immediately for dose-sparing and/or adjuvanted vaccines if a new, responsive H5, H7, or H9 flu virus emerges as a threat. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Type A viruses are divided into subtypes based on the nature of their surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H1 to H18) and neuraminidase (N1 to N11). (pasteur.fr)
H5N1 avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin gene have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 70 million domestic poultry in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America since October 2020. (blogspot.com)
Multiple subtypes of AIVs including nine hemagglutinin (HA) and seven neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were isolated form the environmental samples. (biomedcentral.com)
The resulting new virus might then be able to infect humans and spread easily from person to person, but it could have surface proteins (hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase) different than those currently found in influenza viruses that routinely circulate in humans-this could make it seem like a "new" influenza virus to people, one that had not been encountered before. (cdc.gov)
The genetic information in these viruses could reassort to create a new influenza A virus with a hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase gene from the avian virus and other genes from the human virus. (cdc.gov)
Influenza A viruses with a hemagglutinin against which humans have little or no immunity that have reassorted with a human influenza virus are more likely to result in sustained human-to-human transmission and have pandemic potential. (cdc.gov)
[ 3 , 4 ] A total of 31,989 participants were randomly assigned to receive either a high dose (IIV3-HD) (60 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) or a standard dose (IIV3-SD) (15 μg of hemagglutinin per strain) of a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)

As they reported today in the early, online edition of Science , the researchers sequenced the genomes of more than three-dozen H7N9 isolates collected from birds and poultry market sites. (genomeweb.com)
Currently, implementation of compulsory control measures in H7N9 virus-positive live poultry markets is preventing further human infections," senior author Hualan Chen, a veterinary researcher affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gansu Agricultural University, and her colleagues wrote. (genomeweb.com)
Its non-pathogenic nature in poultry enables the avian H7N9 virus to replicate silently in avian species and to transmit to humans," they continued. (genomeweb.com)
That rash of flu infections has prompted closure of poultry-markets where the H7N9 virus was detected and spurred interest from several research groups keen to understand the strain's origins, pathogenicity, and transmissibility. (genomeweb.com)
For their current analysis, Chinese researchers brought together more than 10,700 H7N9 samples from wild birds and poultry at farms, slaughterhouses, or markets, along with samples from related environments. (genomeweb.com)
Of those, 52 belonged to the H7N9 subtype and all but one stemmed from poultry market sources. (genomeweb.com)
Influenza A viruses have been detected and are known to circulate in seven different animal species or groups, including humans, wild water birds, domestic poultry, swine, horses, dogs and bats. (cdc.gov)
Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses cause either no signs of disease or mild disease in chickens/poultry (such as ruffled feathers and a drop in egg production). (cdc.gov)
In poultry, some low-pathogenic viruses can mutate into highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses cause severe disease and high mortality in infected poultry. (cdc.gov)
HPAI A(H5) and A(H7) virus infections in poultry also can spill back into wild birds, resulting in further geographic spread of the virus as those birds migrate. (cdc.gov)
While some wild bird species can be infected with some HPAI A(H5) or A(H7) virus subtypes without appearing sick, other HPAI A(H5) and A(H7) virus subtypes can cause severe disease and mortality in some infected wild birds as well as in infected poultry. (cdc.gov)
Both HPAI and LPAI viruses can spread rapidly through poultry flocks. (cdc.gov)
Many reports have examined the viruses in the context of poultry or several wild bird species, but there is less information regarding their presence in migratory birds. (biomedcentral.com)
Authorities in southern Germany have discovered the H5N2 bird flu virus on a poultry farm. (dailynewsegypt.com)
It can spread easily among domestic poultry like chicken and turkeys and if they contract more serious forms of the virus most animals will die of bird flu. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Such cases might occurr in people who had contact with sick or dead poultry that were infected with these viruses. (dailynewsegypt.com)
In 1997, the H5N1 virus first infected humans during an outbreak among poultry in Hong Kong. (dailynewsegypt.com)
After the outbreak of the epidemic, Wangmu start emergency plans, the provincial and state levels to set up expert groups to further carry out on-site epidemiological investigation, to treat patients, the relevant departments to active carry out epidemic prevention and control work strengthen The poultry market management and prevention and control. (flutrackers.com)
9 LBMs have been the primary site where avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has been detected in poultry and environmental samples in the affected areas, 9 although age- and sex-specific LBM visit patterns are unknown.Elderly Chinese men are well-known to be hobbyists of "walking" ornamental pet songbirds and take frequent and extended walks with their caged birds, congregating together in parks. (who.int)
From these animals the virus can spread to domestic poultry or directly to humans and other mammalian hosts ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Avian influenza viruses (AIV), the causative agents of AI, have worldwide distribution in domestic and wild poultry and are broadly designated as high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) or low-pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) based on the pathogenicity and the virulence in chickens [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The introduction and development of an effective vaccine against each LPAI subtype is not an economically viable option for the poultry industry. (biomedcentral.com)
Through their research Guan and Peiris established that live poultry markets in southern China and Hong Kong were the source of the virus spreading to humans, where it exhibited up to 60% lethality in infected persons. (gairdner.org)
Their subsequent work established new protocols for periodic live poultry market closures, emptying markets of poultry overnight to reduce virus amplification within these markets and the appropriate use of poultry vaccines to protect both poultry and people in Hong Kong from H5N1 infections. (gairdner.org)
This was quite different from the avian influenza (AI) outbreaks in Europe and Africa, which occurred mostly in poultry farms where migratory birds played an important role [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The H5N8 subtype has caused multiple outbreaks in poultry in Europe over the past few winters. (mdpi.com)
During one recent outbreak in poultry in Astrakhan, workers on the farm were also infected. (mdpi.com)
In September, the EFSA reported that within poultry operations, there were "2,467 outbreaks" across Europe since June. (grn.global)
The influenza virus , which has long plagued the poultry industry, is now also increasingly recognized as a potential public health issue. (earth.com)
Most human cases were exposed to A(H5) viruses through contact with infected poultry or contaminated environments, including live poultry markets. (who.int)
The detection of influenza A(H5) virus in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal samples collected from individuals in close contact with infected poultry or other birds, whether the individuals are symptomatic or not, is not unexpected. (who.int)
The reservoir of the new virus has not been fully established, but poultry or wild birds are suspected. (ssi.dk)
As the outbreak is caused by a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus that probably does not cause symptoms in poultry or wild birds, the outbreak may be more difficult to contain than e.g. previous outbreaks with the high-pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1), which is only seen in persons who have come into close contact with diseased poultry. (ssi.dk)
During our routine surveillance, 13 H5N1 viruses were isolated from 26,767 wild bird and poultry samples that were collected between September 2021 and March 2022 in China. (blogspot.com)
There is an established link between human H7N9 influenza and contact with live poultry markets [1,2] . (peah.it)
Soon after the outbreak of human H7N9 influenza, the Shanghai municipal government totally suspended live poultry trade according to the advices from experts [3,4] . (peah.it)
Part of the H7N9 influenza patients had a history of keeping domestic poultry instead of contacting with live poultry market. (peah.it)
Avian influenza infections are often asymptomatic in wild birds but may cause highly lethal illness in domestic poultry. (msdmanuals.com)
It is very important to understand the avian influenza virus distribution and characteristics in environment associated with poultry and wild bird. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we found the avian influenza viruses characteristics of geographic distribution, seasonality, location, samples types, proved that multiple subtypes of AIVs continuously coexisted in the environment associated with poultry and wild bird, highlighted the need for environmental surveillance in China. (biomedcentral.com)
As of November 2017, a total of 56 human cases (including 37 deaths) and 49 poultry outbreaks of influenza A(H5N1) have been recorded in Cambodia ( 8 - 10 ). (blogspot.com)
The scientist said that vaccination of poultry against HPAI in backyard farms doesn't protect against virus circulation and threatens commercial flocks. (vetandlife.ru)
A striking example: vaccination has been carried out in backyard farms in a number of regions for several years now, and these regions report outbreaks at commercial poultry farms. (vetandlife.ru)
The scientist outlined that commercial flock vaccination on poultry farms against avian influenza is being discussed in Russia. (vetandlife.ru)
At the same time, in cases where the circulation of the virus has been detected in vaccinated poultry, all birds have to be culled. (vetandlife.ru)
In the first two months of 2023, 180 outbreaks were reported in poultry and more than a thousand new cases of HPAI were registered in wild birds. (vetandlife.ru)
Human infections with avian influenza A viruses are uncommon but have occurred sporadically in many countries, usually after unprotected exposures (e.g. not using respiratory or eye protection) to infected poultry or virus-contaminated environments and have resulted in mild-to-severe illness with a wide range of symptoms and complications. (cdc.gov)
The designation of "low" versus "highly" pathogenic avian influenza A virus refers to specific criteria, including mortality in experimentally infected poultry, and not to the severity of illness with human infections. (cdc.gov)
DJ, the outbreak outbreak of H5N1 in Polish cats may have been linked to cat food -raw poultry- with H5N1. (avianflutalk.com)
90% reduction in incidence rates after live poultry market closures in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou.Conclusions: We demonstrated that analysis of publicly-available data on H7N9 permitted reliable assessment of transmissibility and geographical dispersion, while assessment of clinical severity was less straightforward. (edu.au)
Influenza A viruses are endemic (can infect and regularly transmit) in 6 animal species or groups (wild waterfowl, domestic poultry, swine, horses, dogs, and bats) in addition to humans. (cdc.gov)
Via The Poultry Site : ' SOUTH KOREA : Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) of the H7N6 sub-type been found in ducks on a farm in th. (blogspot.com)
An article from Mizzima News : ' Chiang Mai : The avian influenza has been detected on a poultry farm in Sittwe in Arakan State, acco. (blogspot.com)

Beginning in February 2013, and ongoing at publication of this article, infections with the zoonotic virus, influenza A(H7N9), have caused serious illness in humans in provinces of southeastern China. (cdc.gov)
This subtype was not known to cause disease in humans until the outbreak during February in China. (cdc.gov)
A novel subtype of influenza A virus (H7N9) was recently identified in humans. (flutrackers.com)
Human infections with H7N9 viruses occurred each year and the viruses gained virulence markers that potentially enhance the risk for humans and may have increased their spread into the human population, making this virus a notable pandemic threat 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
Humans are immunologically naive to H7 subtype viruses and possess little to no pre-existing, humoral immunity 12 . (nature.com)
Majority of influenza A viruses reside and circulate among animal populations, seldom infecting humans due to host range restriction. (springer.com)
Its replication in humans will provide further opportunities for the virus to acquire more mutations and become more virulent and transmissible in the human population. (genomeweb.com)
Zoonotic influenza viruses are influenza virus type A which might be transmitted from animals to humans and seldom transmitted from human to human. (rroij.com)
In such instances, infection with avian or swine influenza can be deadly to humans. (rroij.com)
both LPAI and HPAI A viruses have caused mild to severe illness in infected humans. (cdc.gov)
H6 subtype avian influenza viruses are globally distributed and, in recent years, have been isolated with increasing frequency from both domestic and wild bird species as well as infected humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Can bird flu viruses infect humans? (dailynewsegypt.com)
The H7N9 subtype first infected humans in China in March 2013. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Even if the strain does not infect humans, avian flu is can be disastrous: outbreaks kill thousands of animals at a time and impacts the livelihoods of many people, local and national economies and international trade. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Usually, these occasional introductions of avian influenza viruses in seals, like in humans, are 'dead ends' because the virus is not transmissible from one individual to another," first study author Sander Herfst said in a news release. (upi.com)
It is important to monitor and predict which of the various zoonotic viruses have the potential to emerge in humans and start outbreaks or even pandemics," said Herfst. (upi.com)
On March 29, 2013, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention completed laboratory confirmation of three human infections with an avian influenza A(H7N9) virus not previously reported in humans ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
As of April 29, 2013, China had reported 126 confirmed H7N9 infections in humans, among whom 24 (19%) died ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
This was long thought to happen only rarely, but since 1997 in southeast Asia there have been annual occurrences of humans contracting bird flu subtypes such as H5N1 or H7N9 and these cases are often lethal. (thehorse.com)
Influenza virologic surveillance is critical each season for tracking influenza circulation, following trends in antiviral drug resistance, detecting novel influenza infections in humans, and selecting viruses for use in annual seasonal vaccine production. (cdc.gov)
H7N2, H7N3, and H7N7) have previously been reported, 3 the current event in China is of historical significance as it is the first time that A(H7N9) viruses have been detected among humans and the first time that a low pathogenic avian influenza virus is being associated with human fatalities. (who.int)
There are three different types of influenza virus - A, B, and C. Type A viruses infect humans and several types of animals, including birds, pigs, and horses. (bcm.edu)
Type B influenza is normally found only in humans, and type C is mostly found in humans, but has also been found in pigs and dogs. (bcm.edu)
The isolation and characterization of the causative agent of SARS as a novel coronavirus and quick development of a diagnostic test of the virus in humans directly influenced public health policy to effectively monitor and control the spread of the disease. (gairdner.org)
Highly pathogenic influenza A virus H5 subtype remains a risk for transmission in humans. (mdpi.com)
So far, little is known about how this virus evolves and adapts to infect humans. (mdpi.com)
This is disquieting due to the harms these viruses carry, with immediate impacts on birds, humans, and the economy. (grn.global)
This subtype of the virus already spreads more easily from birds to humans than H5N1 did, and there is concern that it might adapt to be sustainably transmitted from human to human. (bioedonline.org)
Sanmenxia Clade 2.3.2.1c-like H5N1 viruses possess the closest genetic identity to A/Alberta/01/2014 (H5N1), which recently caused a fatal respiratory infection in Canada with signs of meningoencephalitis, a highly unusual symptom with influenza infections in humans. (nature.com)
This virus was highly pathogenic in chickens and humans and posed a significant threat to public health. (nature.com)
With the ongoing global presence of A(H5) HPAI viruses, further sporadic spill-over events to humans cannot be excluded," said the researchers. (earth.com)
Transmission of bird flu viruses to humans is relatively rare and usually requires direct or close contact with infected birds, or heavily contaminated environments. (earth.com)
Public health organizations closely monitor avian influenza outbreaks in birds and humans because of the potential for the virus to mutate and gain the capability to spread easily among humans, which could lead to a pandemic. (earth.com)
Even though small clusters of A(H5) virus infections have been reported previously including those involving healthcare workers, current epidemiological and virological evidence suggests that influenza A(H5) viruses have not acquired the ability of sustained transmission among humans, thus the likelihood is low. (who.int)
There are three types of influenza virus in humans, A, B and C. Types A and B are responsible for annual outbreaks. (pasteur.fr)
In May the World Health Organisation (WHO) confirmed 26 cases of avian influenza in humans. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Preliminary analyses of the virus genome indicate that the H7N9 virus has changed in a way that allows it to infect humans and swine more readily than other types of avian influenza virus. (ssi.dk)
H7 virus has previously infected humans and is typically associated with mild symptoms. (ssi.dk)
The new virus has not previously been observed in humans or animals, but after the outbreak it has been isolated from a limited number of pigeons, chickens and ducks from Chinese markets located in the affected areas. (ssi.dk)
The outbreak has attracted considerable attention from the WHO and other international authorities because it is a new subtype of influenza virus that can be transmitted to humans and that is frequently associated with serious disease. (ssi.dk)
The Chinese health authorities have intensified monitoring of the new influenza virus in both animals and humans to ensure rapid diagnosis, treatment and contact tracing. (ssi.dk)
Like humans who unwittingly carried SARS-CoV-2 on airplanes from Wuhan to Seattle and from Wuhan and Italy to Belgium and soon from virtually everywhere else to virtually everywhere else in early 2020, infected wild birds are often asymptomatic, so they can migrate carrying the virus. (thebulletin.org)
Among their findings, they report that H5N1 viruses are becoming better adapted to mammals ( something we've discussed often, including here, here , and here ) , and could become more dangerous to humans over time. (blogspot.com)
Humans can become infected with avian influenza viruses through inhalation of or direct contact with secretions (saliva, mucous, or feces) from infected birds. (msdmanuals.com)
It is likely that avian influenza viruses of any antigenic specificity can cause influenza in humans whenever the virus acquires mutations, enabling it to attach to human-specific receptor sites in the respiratory tract. (msdmanuals.com)
Therefore, co-circulation of a large diversity of AIVs is a risk for emergence of novel reassortant viruses affecting animals, humans, or both. (blogspot.com)
He added that, at the same time, due to the vaccination program, no cases of this subtype are reported in humans or birds in China. (vetandlife.ru)
Emerging influenza viruses may jump levels in this scheme (for example, from level 3 to 6), either because they emerge directly and successfully into humans, or because intermediate stages are not detected through surveillance. (avianflutalk.com)
Influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b can successfully infect mammals and humans with high levels of direct exposure (for example, scavenger mammalian species, humans working closely with birds). (avianflutalk.com)
However, in 1998, H3N2 viruses from humans were introduced into the pig population and caused widespread disease among pigs. (cdc.gov)
Antigenic shift results when a new influenza A virus subtype against which most people have little or no immune protection infects humans. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, careful evaluation of influenza A viruses recovered from humans and animals that are infected with avian influenza A viruses is important to identify genetic reassortment if it occurs. (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza (H5N1) is rare in humans in developed countries (see the image below). (medscape.com)

In addition to seasonally occurring human infections, zoonotic infections caused by avian influenza A viruses are a major public health concern and pose a pandemic threat. (nature.com)
Zoonotic influenza when human beings are exposed and infected with influenza viruses circulating in animals. (rroij.com)
All subtypes of influenza kind A virus have zoonotic potential. (rroij.com)
Several zoonotic influenza viruses have these days caused sporadic human contamination. (rroij.com)
Zoonotic influenza is also called as non-seasonal influenza as it may be transmitted at any time of the year when people are exposed to animal influenza viruses. (rroij.com)
Zoonotic influenza like other influenza causes mild to severe illness in the patients they infect. (rroij.com)
It isn't possible to differentiate clinical symptoms and signs of seasonal and zoonotic influenza. (rroij.com)
The signs and symptoms of zoonotic influenza infections in human beings can range from eye infections (conjunctivitis) or influenza-like infection (e.g. fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches) to severe breathing disorder (e.g. pneumonia, acute breathing distress, viral pneumonia). (rroij.com)
Zoonotic influenza can be suspected based totally on occupational exposure or live bird market visits. (rroij.com)
Laboratory research of typeA influenza cases and antigenic characterization of influenza viruses assist additionally to diagnose each seasonal and zoonotic influenza. (rroij.com)
The zoonotic outbreak of H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus that occurred in eastern China in the spring of 2013 resulted in 135 confirmed human cases, 44 of which were lethal. (edu.au)
Some AIV, such as H7, H5 and H9 subtypes, are associated with sporadic zoonotic human infection. (qld.gov.au)

Equine (horse) influenza A(H3N8) virus routinely circulates and can cause illness in horses, and canine (dog) influenza A(H3N2) virus routinely circulates and can cause illness in dogs. (cdc.gov)
One important difference was seen between An/13 and both the H3N2 human and the H7N1 avian viruses: when inoculated intranasally at a high dose, only the An/13 virus led to productive infection of the lower respiratory tract of guinea pigs. (edu.au)
Fifty Years of influenza A(H3N2) following the pandemic of 1968. (cdc.gov)
The most widespread virus in France during the last winter outbreak in 2016-2017 was an A virus (H3N2). (pasteur.fr)
The patient also had co-infection with seasonal influenza A(H3N2) virus. (cdc.gov)

30,000 samples would be required to detect the H7N9 subtype in wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Little information exists on the status of A(H7N9) virus in wild birds to assess their potential as sources of human infection and disseminators of the virus to new areas. (cdc.gov)
Here we report the historic distribution and prevalence of H7N9 subtypes among wild birds preceding this outbreak. (cdc.gov)
Finally, we estimate the sample size necessary to detect this low pathogenicity strain of avian influenza virus in wild birds. (cdc.gov)
To further establish the geographic distribution of known H7N9 subtypes, we reviewed GenBank records downloaded on April 26, 2013, for HA or NA segments isolated from birds ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Influenza H7N9 subtypes have been identified among wild birds globally by isolation and by using reverse transcription PCR. (cdc.gov)
In these 48 studies, subtype H7N9 has not been detected in wild birds in these locations in Asia: Russia, Japan, South Korea, or China Furthermore, when subtype H7N9 was detected in Asia, its prevalence was low. (cdc.gov)
Assuming an apparent prevalence of .01 percent, we estimate that about 30,000 birds would have to be sampled to detect 1 bird that was H7N9-positive with a .95 percent probability. (cdc.gov)
Variation in the methods used in each study makes a precise calculation of H7N9 subtype prevalence in all wild birds impossible to determine, but given the available data, we conclude that the occurrence of the H7N9 subtype in wild bird populations is rare. (cdc.gov)
We also conclude that sample sizes adequate to detect the virus among wild birds will be in the tens of thousands. (cdc.gov)
Publishing the sample size and genus and species of wild birds tested in China will provide a better estimate of the prevalence among these birds related to this outbreak, especially because wild song birds have been hypothesized to be a possible reservoir. (cdc.gov)
Wild birds are recorded as the predominant source of H7N9 sequences, but this may be an outcome of sampling bias. (cdc.gov)
With the huge influenza A virus reservoir in wild birds, it is a cause for concern when a new influenza strain emerges with the ability to cross host species barrier, as shown in light of the recent H7N9 outbreak in China. (springer.com)
Exposure to H7N9 viruses initially isolated from birds did not lead to discernible signs of disease in mice - nor did they produce symptoms in their typical avian hosts such as chickens and ducks. (genomeweb.com)
Human infection with avian influenza type A viruses are unusual and particularly result from indirect contact with infected birds or contaminated environments. (rroij.com)
In birds, 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes have been identified. (cdc.gov)
All known subtypes of influenza A viruses can infect birds, except subtypes A(H17N10) and A(H18N11), which have only been found in bats . (cdc.gov)
Avian influenza A viruses that infect birds have evolved into distinct genetic lineages based on the geographic locations where they were first detected. (cdc.gov)
For example, avian influenza A viruses that were first detected in birds in Asia can be recognized as genetically different from avian influenza A viruses that were first detected among birds in North America. (cdc.gov)
Most avian influenza A viruses are low pathogenic and cause few signs of disease in infected wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Only some avian influenza A(H5) and A(H7) viruses are classified as HPAI A viruses, while most A(H5) and A(H7) viruses circulating among birds are LPAI A viruses. (cdc.gov)
Our findings suggest that regular surveillance of wild birds, especially migratory birds, is important for providing early warning and control of avian influenza outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
At least 136 species have been discovered in 26 different families of wild birds and harbour 144 subtypes of influenza A virus [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The continuous outbreaks of avian influenza in recent decades have alarmed and increased focus on the role of wild birds, as major reservoirs, that maintain the persistence and variation of AIV, facilitating viral spread and disease occurrence. (biomedcentral.com)
Surveillance of avian influenza virus (AIVs) in wild birds for early warning, prevention, and control of viral outbreaks should be enhanced to reduce the risk of pathogen emergence from wildlife host reservoirs. (biomedcentral.com)
Avian influenza - also called bird flu or fowl plague - is a viral disease that infects birds, especially wild geese and ducks. (dailynewsegypt.com)
But any influenza A virus may cause bird flu - it only has to adapt itself to birds as a host. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Researchers suspect the 2014 outbreak, which killed some 2,500 seals, began in western Sweden when one or more seals came into contact with infected birds or virus-laden bird droppings. (upi.com)
With the exception of bat-associated subtypes ( 4 ), all influenza A virus subtypes can be found in wild aquatic birds, which are their natural reservoir. (frontiersin.org)
Since March 2013, human infections with a previously undescribed H7N9 virus were observed, which also circulates in domestic birds without causing severe disease ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is associated with severe disease and mortality in birds. (qld.gov.au)
Human cases of avian influenza are usually associated with direct or indirect exposure to live or dead infected birds or their contaminated environment. (qld.gov.au)
Some observations on the circulation of influenza viruses in domestic and wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Haemagglutination-inhibiting activity to type a influenza viruses in the sera of wild birds from the far east of the USSR. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, this virus was shown to be highly pathogenic to both birds and mammals and demonstrate tropism for the nervous system. (nature.com)
Due to the geographical location of Sanmenxia, these novel H5N1 viruses also have the potential to be imported to other regions through the migration of wild birds, similar to the H5N1 outbreak amongst migratory birds in Qinghai Lake during 2005. (nature.com)
Despite measures to prevent HPAIV spread by vaccination or the culling of infected birds, several H5 influenza subtypes are already prevalent in Asia, Europe and Africa 4 . (nature.com)
In 2006, a Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus re-emerged in Qinghai Lake and caused more infections in wild birds, including bar-headed geese and great black-headed gulls. (nature.com)
The Qinghai-like Clade 2.2 virus was found to possess a high genetic relationship with viruses isolated from other countries on the migratory flyway of wild birds 4 , suggesting that the migration of wild birds played an important role in circulating H5N1 HPAIV viruses between the different avian populations. (nature.com)
In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has transformed from a seasonal phenomenon associated with migratory birds in specific regions to a constant global risk. (earth.com)
Over 14,000 outbreaks have been reported, with approximately 96 million farmed birds culled in Europe alone. (earth.com)
This has led to the adaptation of HPAI viruses to new or previously rarely affected wild bird species, such as barnacle geese or sea birds. (earth.com)
The experts also refer to global reports of HPAI transmission to mammals like minks and sea lions, which increases the risk of the virus spilling over to pet animals through contact with dead or sick wild birds or mammals such as foxes. (earth.com)
These viruses can be deadly to domestic birds, such as chickens, ducks, and turkeys. (earth.com)
A(H5) subtypes continue to be detected in birds in Africa, Europe and Asia. (who.int)
The virus is a low-pathogenic avian virus which reportedly does not cause serious disease in birds. (ssi.dk)
This increases the risk that the virus may spread unnoticed among wild birds. (ssi.dk)
These neurological symptoms are consistent with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), and though it is late in the season for the virus to be circulating, Slaterus and his colleagues have noticed a disturbing number of sick and dead birds during their counts this year (and last year, too). (thebulletin.org)
A method to preserve, detect and sequence RNA from Avian Influenza Viruses was validated and extended using natural faecal samples from birds. (jove.com)
A small number of human infections with avian influenza A viruses have been attributed to exposure to infected wild birds. (cdc.gov)
Clinical illness associated with human infections with avian influenza A viruses does not necessarily correlate with virus pathogenicity in infected birds. (cdc.gov)
Level 0 Avian influenza circulating in birds, with normal epidemiology. (avianflutalk.com)
Level 1 Avian influenza circulating in birds, with abnormal epidemiology. (avianflutalk.com)
More recently, H5N1 viruses from birds have caused sporadic infections in wild foxes in the U.S. and in other countries. (cdc.gov)
Directly from infected birds or from avian influenza A virus-contaminated environments. (cdc.gov)
People with close or prolonged unprotected contact (not wearing respiratory and eye protection) with infected birds or places that sick birds or their mucous, saliva, or feces have contaminated, might be at greater risk of bird flu virus infection. (cdc.gov)

Avian influenza A viruses are classified into the following two categories: low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses, and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A viruses. (cdc.gov)
In addition, these same mutations were required to render highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype transmissible via the air between ferrets -- a model organism for mammal influenza research. (upi.com)
Viruses that cause only mild disease are called low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). (qld.gov.au)
Outbreaks of low and high pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI, HPAI) H5N2 in chickens have occurred in Taiwan since 2003 and 2012, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Since the first occurrence of HPAI H5N1 human cases in Hong Kong in 1997, the public health threat of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been a major global issue [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The causative agent behind this outbreak was identified as H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV). (nature.com)
The research of her team focusses on the understanding of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emergence, their pathogenesis and the development of new vaccination strategies to cope with antigenic diversity in the context of pandemic preparedness. (erasmusmc.nl)
De Bruin ACM, Spronken MI, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RAM, Richard M . Reduced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Duck Endothelial Cells Compared to Chicken Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Stronger Antiviral Responses. (erasmusmc.nl)
Vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) doesn't protect against virus circulation. (vetandlife.ru)
Currently, vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza is allowed only on backyard farms. (vetandlife.ru)
The current panzootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza has now extended globally. (vetandlife.ru)
Human infections have occurred with different subtypes of low pathogenic and highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses . (cdc.gov)
Subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A viruses that have been virologically confirmed to have infected people include A(H6), A(H7), A(H9), and A(H10) viruses. (cdc.gov)

Currently, there is no licensed H7N9 vaccine available and people infected with H7N9 viruses are only treated therapeutically with neuraminidase inhibitors. (nature.com)
However, H7N9 is quickly acquiring resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors 13 which is leading to an unreliable public health strategy to combat this virus. (nature.com)
H1 describes the virus's HA subtype and N1 describes the neuraminidase subtype. (medscape.com)
Neuraminidase, or NA, is another influenza surface protein. (medscape.com)
N is the abbreviation for neuraminidase, a protein that is required for virus replication. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Two classes of approved drugs against influenza A virus infections have been available for years: adamantane-based M2 ion channel blockers, which prevent acidification of the endosome and therefore release of the viral particles into the cytosol ( 10 ), and neuraminidase inhibitors, which prevent the release of newly formed viral particles from infected cells ( 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
She completed her PhD in 2010 in France under the supervision of Prof. Bruno Lina studying the resistance of influenza A viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors. (erasmusmc.nl)
Dr. Angela Campbell will be - will discuss neuraminidase inhibitor medications (antivirals) that are approved only for the treatment of uncomplicated influenza. (cdc.gov)

HPAI A(H5) or A(H7) virus infections can cause disease that affects multiple internal organs with mortality up to 90% to 100% in chickens, often within 48 hours. (cdc.gov)
The two-stage survey (before and after HPAI H5N2 outbreaks) was conducted from 2007 to 2012, including: (1) 430 LPMWs and 418 CRs at LPMs from different geographical areas of Taiwan after the government announced outbreaks of LPAI H5N2 during 2007-2009, and (2) 73 LPMWs and 152 CRs at two LPMs in central Taiwan after the HPAI H5N2 outbreaks in 2012. (biomedcentral.com)
Before HPAI-H5N2 outbreaks, higher educated respondents demonstrated greater risk awareness and concerns regarding AI. (biomedcentral.com)
Regardless of novel LPAI or HPAI virus reassortants that pose public health risks, prompt and clear risk communication focusing on both correct information about AIVs and the most appropriate preventive measures are important for effective prevention of human infection. (biomedcentral.com)
However, HPAI H5N1 viruses reappeared in 2003, spread across continents, and sickened 826 patients from 2003 to March 31, 2015 [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Previously, Europe experienced HPAI epidemics as a seasonal event, with migratory waterfowl spreading the virus during their autumn return to overwintering sites. (earth.com)
HPAI viruses, particularly the influenza A(H5) subtype, are causing the worst bird epidemics to date. (earth.com)
Consequently, HPAI viruses have impacted wild bird populations worldwide, with the influenza A(H5N1) virus causing the death of more than 40 percent of the pelican population in Chile and Peru. (earth.com)
One of the aspects named by the expert is the pandemic potential of the HPAI virus. (vetandlife.ru)
According to Rosselkhoznadzor, seven HPAI outbreaks have been registered in Russia since the beginning of the year. (vetandlife.ru)
HPAI A(H5N1) virus infections have been reported in more than 890 people with approximately 50% case fatality proportion since 1997, including 20 cases and 7 deaths in Hong Kong during 1997-2003, and more than 870 cases reported in 22 countries since November 2003. (cdc.gov)

Influenza viruses infect millions of people worldwide and result in ~290,000-650,000 influenza-related deaths each year 1 . (nature.com)
Most influenza A viruses are restricted to their host species, having limited capability to cross species barrier and infect a new host. (springer.com)
The only influenza subtypes that have been confirmed to infect horses naturally are H3N8 and H7N7, and the horse-adapted H7N7 viruses appear to have disappeared from horses nearly 40 years ago. (thehorse.com)
Was that coincidence or is there some unique characteristic of the H3N8 subtype that makes it more apt to infect horses? (thehorse.com)
Pandemics occur if such a new subtype acquires the ability to infect and transmit in the human population. (frontiersin.org)
All human infections caused by a new influenza subtype are required to be reported under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005).4 This includes any influenza A virus that has demonstrated the capacity to infect a human and its haemagglutinin gene (or protein) is not a mutated form of those, i.e. (who.int)
The segmented genome allows influenza A viruses from different species to mix genes (reassortment) and create a new virus if influenza A viruses from two different species infect the same person or animal at the same time. (cdc.gov)

Researchers are conducting the first-in-human trial of a universal influenza vaccine candidate, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced April 3. (medscape.com)
This phase 1 clinical trial is a step forward in our efforts to develop a durable and broadly protective universal influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
The vaccine stimulates protective immune responses against very different influenza subtypes by homing in on an area of the virus that remains relatively constant from strain to strain. (medscape.com)
The vaccine candidate development is part of a larger initiative to develop a universal vaccine candidate that can provide durable protection for individuals of all ages and against multiple influenza subtypes, including those with the potential to cause a pandemic. (medscape.com)
A team of VRC scientists developed the universal influenza vaccine prototype. (medscape.com)
It is useful as a vaccine platform because it forms particles that can display multiple influenza HA spikes on its surface, mimicking the natural organization of HA on the influenza virus," according to the news release. (medscape.com)
These efforts track currently circulating influenza viruses, identify novel influenza viruses of public health importance, monitor antiviral drug susceptibility, and characterize circulating seasonal viruses for guiding influenza vaccine virus selection. (cdc.gov)
Even though the production of influenza vaccines is well established, and the regulatory process allows for rapid strain update or exchange, it takes 4-6 months until a vaccine against a newly emerging subtype is available in sufficient quantities ( 2 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
Most SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates produce an immune response to the spike protein on the surface of the virus. (medicaltrend.org)
Pregnant patients may receive any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate influenza vaccine. (medscape.com)
A person receives the seasonal influenza vaccine (flu shot). (outbreaknewstoday.com)
To enable a rapid vaccine response during a severe outbreak or pandemic, there is a pressing need for a potency test that is rapid and has sufficient sensitivity to track potency in dose-sparing and adjuvanted vaccines. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
We characterize the influenza viruses and determine their genome sequences to see how they are evolving and whether they still match the vaccine. (pasteur.fr)
Moreover, we found that these viruses were antigenically similar to and well matched with the H5-Re14 vaccine strain currently used in China. (blogspot.com)
She joined CDC in 1997 and worked in the National Vaccine Office on Adult Immunization and Pandemic Influenza Planning. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Campbell's current projects focus on studies of influenza antiviral treatment and antiviral effectiveness, vaccine effectiveness, pandemic preparedness and development of CDC clinical guidance related to treatment and prevention of seasonal and novel influenza viruses. (cdc.gov)
The surveillance system collects 200,000-400,000 specimens and tests more than 20,000 influenza viruses annually, which provides valuable information for World Health Organization (WHO) influenza vaccine strain recommendations. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2000, China enhanced earlier influenza surveillance efforts by establishing an influenza-like illness (ILI) and virological surveillance system to report ILI cases and isolate viruses for seasonal influenza vaccine strain recommendations. (biomedcentral.com)
Recognizing the importance of high-quality influenza surveillance in China, from 2004, China CDC and USCDC established influenza and global disease detection (GDD) Cooperative Agreements to improve the ILI and virological surveillance system in mainland China, and to expand CNIC's role from contributing to seasonal influenza vaccine strain recommendations to conducting early detection and response to novel influenza viruses with pandemic potential. (biomedcentral.com)
High-dose influenza vaccine appears to have the potential to prevent nearly one-quarter of all breakthrough influenza illnesses in seniors (≥65 y) compared with the standard-dose vaccine, according to results from a phase IIIb-IV double-blind, active-controlled trial. (medscape.com)
Influenza A and B vaccine is administered each year before flu season. (medscape.com)
The CDC analyzes the vaccine subtypes each year and makes any necessary changes on the basis of worldwide trends. (medscape.com)
The FDA has approved a vaccine for H5N1 influenza. (medscape.com)

The rapid spread of the A(H5N1) virus to previously unaffected areas and its successful persistence during summer months has likely been facilitated by ongoing evolution and reassortment with local low pathogenic avian (LPAI) viruses. (earth.com)
LPAI A(H6N1) virus infection was reported in one person with moderate lower respiratory tract disease in Taiwan in 2013. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H7N2) virus infection was reported in a small number of people with conjunctivitis (pink eye), mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, or lower respiratory tract disease in the U.K. and U.S. since 2002. (cdc.gov)
Four infections have been identified in the U.S. since 2002, including 2 that resulted from cat-to-human transmission of an LPAI A(H7N2) virus circulating among cats in 2016 . (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H7N3) virus infection was reported in a small number of people with conjunctivitis or mild upper respiratory tract symptoms in the U.K. and Canada since 2004. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H7N4) virus infection was reported in one person with pneumonia in China in 2017. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H7N7) virus infection was reported in one person with conjunctivitis in the U.K. in 1996. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H7N9) virus infection was reported in more than 1500 people in China, particularly during epidemics from 2013-2017, including cases exported to Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Canada. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H10N3) virus infection was reported in one person with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure in China in 2021, and in another person with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure in China in 2022. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H10N5) virus infection was reported in one person with severe pneumonia who died in China in late 2023. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H10N7) virus infection was reported in a small number of people with conjunctivitis or mild upper respiratory tract symptoms in Egypt in 2004 and Australia in 2010. (cdc.gov)
LPAI A(H10N8) virus infection was reported in a small number of people with severe pneumonia with respiratory failure, including a few deaths, in China since 2013. (cdc.gov)

Avian Influenza (including infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses). (cdc.gov)
Mutinelli F, Capua I, Terregino C, Cattoli G. Clinical, gross, and microscopic findings in different avian species naturally infected during the H7N1 low- and high-pathogenicity avian influenza epidemics in Italy during 1999 and 2000. (cdc.gov)
Risk awareness depends on high or low pathogenicity of AIVs, working in LPMs, levels of education, age, and proximity to the sites of severe AI outbreaks. (biomedcentral.com)
Although currently circulating avian influenza viruses retain a preference for avian-type receptors, different mutations associated with transmission to and pathogenicity in mammals have been observed," said the researchers. (earth.com)
The virus may change its form, mutate into subtypes with higher pathogenicity, and cause more severe outbreaks. (vetandlife.ru)
This virus used to have low pathogenicity and then shifted to a highly pathogenic form," said Mikhail Volkov. (vetandlife.ru)

As the United Nations specialized agency for health and a central partner in UNMEER, WHO has been at the forefront of these efforts on an international scale, and has characterized the Ebola virus disease outbreak "the most severe, acute health emergency seen in modern times. (who.int)
When and where did severe bird flu outbreaks begin? (dailynewsegypt.com)
In 2003, following the emergence of novel coronavirus, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in China, Peiris led the team that first identified the virus responsible for the syndrome, the SARS-CoV-1 coronavirus, elucidating its pathogenesis, transmission, and quickly developed a diagnostic test which was then shared internationally. (gairdner.org)
Human infection of H5 or H7 subtypes are more commonly associated with severe disease and mortality. (qld.gov.au)
The symptoms can range from typical influenza-like symptoms (fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to severe respiratory illness and other complications. (earth.com)
Every year, influenza - or flu - is responsible for three to five million severe cases and 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide. (pasteur.fr)
Patients have had influenza-like symptoms followed by severe lower respiratory tract infections. (ssi.dk)
Nevertheless, physicians should keep in mind avian influenza for persons with severe lower respiratory tract infections who within ten days prior to symptom onset have returned from stays in China or other countries where avian influenza may occur, including Vietnam, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Indonesia and Egypt. (ssi.dk)
All 3 scenarios should be considered severe compared to the most recent influenza pandemic in 2009. (avianflutalk.com)
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) underscored the importance of influenza detection and response in China. (biomedcentral.com)

Historical records indicate that each one pandemic influenza occurrences originated from animals. (rroij.com)
With the release of the 2017 US Pandemic Influenza Plan, the proposed framework will support public health officials in modeling, surveillance, and pandemic planning and response. (cdc.gov)
We discuss the different vectored vaccines that have been or are currently in clinical trials, with a forward-looking focus on immunogens that may be protective against seasonal and pandemic influenza infection, in the context of viral-vectored vaccines. (mdpi.com)
Ms. Budd first joined the Influenza Division in 1999 and managed the day-to-day functioning of the National Influenza Surveillance System and continued her pandemic influenza planning efforts. (cdc.gov)

She has led the country through Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Influenza A virus subtype H7N9 (bird flu) and Dengue fever outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)
She specifically focused on data related to outbreaks of avian influenza A (H7N9), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Ebola virus disease (EVD). (wikipedia.org)
During her post-graduate studies, Rivers was a graduate research assistant at Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech (formerly known as the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute) in Blacksburg, Virginia, where she built infectious disease models of emerging infectious diseases including Influenza A virus subtype H7N9, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and the 2014-2015 Western African Ebola virus epidemic - the latter in coordination with the U.S. Department of Defense. (wikipedia.org)
Most updates posted related to the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) event, the influenza A(H7N9) virus event in China and the outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa. (who.int)
Moreover, at least one of the human H7N9 isolates was readily passed from one ferret to another via respiratory droplets in the team's transmissibility experiments. (genomeweb.com)
Researchers found the mutations caused the virus to prefer to attach to mammal virus receptors in the respiratory tract, rather than to avian receptors. (upi.com)
Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in persons with acute respiratory illness and relevant exposure history and should contact their state health departments regarding specimen collection and facilitation of confirmatory testing. (cdc.gov)
We identified 5 virologic surveillance tiers in which specimens were collected or tested: outpatient care settings (tier 1), inpatient care settings and commercial laboratories (tier 2), state and local public health laboratories and health departments (tier 3), laboratories at CDC-sponsored National Influenza Reference Centers (NIRCs) (tier 4), and laboratories within the CDC National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Influenza Division (tier 5). (cdc.gov)
Flu, or influenza, is a contagious respiratory illness that spreads from person to person through the air via coughs or sneezes or through contact with infected surfaces. (bcm.edu)
Influenza A viruses are one of the most important respiratory pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
CONCLUSION: Detection of AIV RNA in respiratory specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic LBM workers without evidence of seroconversion or virus isolation suggests environmental contamination, emphasizing caution in interpreting rRT-PCR results in high viral load settings. (cdc.gov)
Guan and Peiris' comprehensive strategies for surveillance, monitoring, identifying the human infectious source, investigation, diagnosis and control of emerging infectious disease outbreaks continue to provide critical guidance and insight for countries throughout Asia and the world, including the 2009 swine flu pandemic, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the COVID-19 pandemic. (gairdner.org)
During periods of low influenza activity, influenza testing should be performed upon admission in all patients who require hospitalization with acute respiratory illness (with or without fever), who have been in contact with a person diagnosed with influenza, or who have recently traveled from a location known to have influenza activity. (medscape.com)
In hospitalized patients with respiratory failure who are receiving mechanical ventilation, including those in whom influenza testing results were negative based on upper respiratory tract specimens, endotracheal aspirate or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens should be collected for influenza testing as soon as possible. (medscape.com)
We use these samples to search for influenza viruses and also systematically for other major respiratory tract viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (pasteur.fr)
Each week, we publish a bulletin with reports on the current situation concerning influenza and other respiratory tract infections. (pasteur.fr)
Ms. Budd is an epidemiologist in the Epidemiology and Prevention Branch in the Influenza Division of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Campbell is a Medical Officer in the Epidemiology and Prevention Branch in the Influenza Division in CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. (cdc.gov)

Which viruses cause bird flu? (dailynewsegypt.com)
it first appeared in 1963, and its genetic ancestors seem to have been bird flu viruses. (thehorse.com)
In 1989 in northern China a strain of bird flu was positively confirmed to cause a large-scale disease outbreak in horses. (thehorse.com)
Avian influenza, or 'bird flu', is an infectious viral disease caused by influenza type A viruses. (qld.gov.au)
Article from Scoop : ' New York, Apr 21 2011 : While most countries have managed to stamp out bird flu, eliminating the virus from po. (blogspot.com)

From 2013 to 2017, the H7N9 virus led to annual epidemics. (nature.com)
During the fifth wave of H7N9 epidemics the virus split into two phylogenetically distinct lineages, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta clades 5 . (nature.com)
On 18 September 2014, the United Nations Security Council determined that the Ebola virus disease epidemics were a "threat to international peace and security" and unanimously adopted resolution 2177 (2014), which was cosponsored by 134 Member States. (who.int)
Thus, antiviral drugs are an essential component of pandemic response scenarios and play an important role in reducing disease severity during seasonal influenza epidemics. (frontiersin.org)

In addition, an avian H7N2 virus caused an outbreak in cats in an animal shelter in New York that led to one human case 11 . (nature.com)
For example, an "A(H7N2) virus" designates an influenza A virus subtype that has an HA 7 protein and an NA 2 protein. (cdc.gov)

Based on the antigenic properties of these viral glycoproteins, influenza A viruses are classified into different subtypes. (frontiersin.org)
BACKGROUND: Interpreting rRT-PCR results for human avian influenza A virus (AIV) detection in contaminated settings like live bird markets (LBMs) without serology or viral culture poses a challenge. (cdc.gov)
His Outbreak study incorporates themes from Zoology and Viral evolution. (research.com)
He interconnects Lineage, Viral replication and Tropism in the investigation of issues within Influenza A virus. (research.com)
Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. (research.com)
The concepts of his Influenza A virus study are interwoven with issues in Viral replication and Microbiology. (research.com)
She then integrated the Viroscience Department for her post-doctoral studies, which have focused on the pathogenesis, virulence and transmissibility of influenza A viruses, with special emphasis on genetic and phenotypic viral factors involved in the emergence of new pandemics. (erasmusmc.nl)
The criterion standard for diagnosing influenza A and B is a viral culture of nasopharyngeal samples or throat samples. (medscape.com)

A large number of influenza A viruses naturally reside in avian species where they constantly circulate and evolve. (springer.com)
Seasonal influenza A(pH1N1) and influenza B viruses continue to circulate among persons in areas where H7N9 cases have been detected, and the Chinese Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has reported that rates of influenza-like illness are consistent with expected seasonal levels. (cdc.gov)
Human infections with viruses of animal origin are expected at the human-animal interface wherever these viruses circulate in animals. (who.int)
A large variety of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate in live bird markets (LBMs) in countries where highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) viruses are endemic ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)

In addition, the assay was evaluated using influenza A viruses of various genetic backgrounds and other negative controls. (flutrackers.com)
By comparing those sequences with the genomes of five H7N9 viruses involved in human infections, they found hints about the small genetic changes needed to make the H7N9 more virulent and transmissible in mammals. (genomeweb.com)
Together with results from infection studies on chicken, duck, mouse, and ferret models, the genetic profiles generated for the H7N9 viruses hint that fairly small genetic changes could potentially lead to a version of the virus capable of human-to-human transmission. (genomeweb.com)
These different lineages can be distinguished by studying the genetic make-up of these viruses. (cdc.gov)
These broad lineage classifications can be further narrowed by genetic comparisons that allow researchers to group the most closely related viruses together. (cdc.gov)
Oct. 7 (UPI) -- Scientists have identified the genetic mutations that allowed an avian flu strain to adapt to mammalian transmission, triggering an outbreak among European seals. (upi.com)
In his papers, Joseph S. M. Peiris integrates diverse fields, such as Virus and H5N1 genetic structure. (research.com)
His studies deal with areas such as Lineage, Gene, Genetic diversity, Outbreak and Chemokine as well as Influenza A virus. (research.com)
In his study, which falls under the umbrella issue of Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Genetic analysis, Lung pathology and Chemotherapy is strongly linked to Clade. (research.com)
It is also possible that the process of genetic reassortment could occur in a person who is co-infected with an avian influenza A virus and a human influenza A virus. (cdc.gov)

Here, we argue that mink, more so than any other farmed species, pose a risk for the emergence of future disease outbreaks and the evolution of future pandemics. (avianflutalk.com)

She also analyzed syndromic surveillance data from outbreaks in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore and found the containment measures they were taking were actually effective at "flattening the curve" of transmission and reducing infections. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, influenza surveillance systems in China have identified no sign of increased community transmission of this virus. (cdc.gov)
CDC, along with state and local health departments, is continuing epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance for influenza in the United States. (cdc.gov)
On April 5, 2013, CDC requested state and local health departments to initiate enhanced surveillance for H7N9 among symptomatic patients who had returned from China in the previous 10 days ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
We developed a framework and process map for characterizing the landscape of US influenza virologic surveillance into 5 tiers of influenza testing: outpatient settings (tier 1), inpatient settings and commercial laboratories (tier 2), state public health laboratories (tier 3), National Influenza Reference Center laboratories (tier 4), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention laboratories (tier 5). (cdc.gov)
The data and specimens used for influenza virologic surveillance originate from ambulatory patient care facilities, academic and community hospital laboratories, public health laboratories, and commercial laboratories. (cdc.gov)
As a first step in this process, we explored existing influenza testing practices and constructed a comprehensive overview of the US virologic surveillance landscape. (cdc.gov)
To characterize the specimen and data flow used to inform influenza virologic surveillance, we conducted open-ended interviews with clinicians, state public health laboratory (PHL) directors, epidemiologists, and laboratorians from CDC and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) staff, asking them to share their understanding of all aspects of the data and specimen flow with which they were familiar. (cdc.gov)
To tackle these seasonal outbreaks, detailed surveillance mechanisms have been introduced at national and international level, making influenza viruses the most closely monitored viruses on the planet (see Interview below). (pasteur.fr)
The global surveillance network for influenza viruses is undoubtedly the oldest and best structured virological surveillance network. (pasteur.fr)
She rejoined the Influenza Division in 2016 and is again focusing on domestic influenza surveillance. (cdc.gov)
Longitudinal surveillance of 2 live bird markets in Cambodia revealed year-round, high co-circulation of H5, H7, and H9 influenza viruses. (blogspot.com)
This implies that surveillance measures that demonstrate the absence of virus circulation in the population are in place. (vetandlife.ru)
From 2004, the Chinese National Influenza Center (CNIC) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC) initiated Cooperative Agreements to build capacity in influenza surveillance in China. (biomedcentral.com)
Since 2004, CNIC expanded its national influenza surveillance and response system which, as of 2014, included 408 laboratories and 554 sentinel hospitals. (biomedcentral.com)
CNIC also built a bioinformatics platform to strengthen data analysis and utilization, publishing weekly on-line influenza surveillance reports in English and Chinese. (biomedcentral.com)
The Chinese National Influenza Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control (China CDC) and the Influenza Division of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention first discussed influenza virological surveillance in China in 1978. (biomedcentral.com)
In 1989, CNIC and USCDC signed agreements that enabled USCDC to provide technical and financial support for influenza surveillance in China and laid the foundation for future collaborations between the two agencies. (biomedcentral.com)
The surveillance system, including 8 network laboratories and 31 sentinel hospitals, did not capture the diversity of influenza activity and viruses circulating throughout the country. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhanced surveillance with daily temperature taking and prompt reporting with isolation through home medical leave and segregation of smaller subgroups decrease the spread of influenza. (medscape.com)

In early 2013, novel H7N9 influenza viruses emerged in China that caused about 1600 human cases of infection with a high associated case fatality rate. (nature.com)
We report here that, in the guinea pig model, a human isolate of novel H7N9 influenza virus, A/Anhui/1/2013 (An/13), is highly dissimilar to an H7N1 avian isolate and instead behaves similarly to a human seasonal strain in several respects. (edu.au)

Although it is unusual for people to get influenza A virus infections directly from animals, sporadic human infections and outbreaks caused by certain avian influenza A viruses and swine influenza A viruses have been reported. (cdc.gov)

January 24, 2017, Qianxinan health department in the strengthening of monitoring, from Wangmu County, 1 case of unexplained pneumonia cases detected H7N9 avian influenza virus subtype positive, January 25 by the provincial disease control department diagnosed as human infection H7N9 avian flu cases, the Patient is currently hospitalized. (flutrackers.com)
The panel of monoclonal antibodies that provide the test with virus subtype specificity were developed by scientists at the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) within the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and licensed by InDevR in 2017. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
According to the December 2017 Risk Assessment Summary by the World Health Organization (WHO), "Since 2013, a total of 1565 laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses, including at least 612 deaths, have been reported to WHO. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
In response to concerns over these deadly H7N9 flu viruses, in 2017 the US government issued a call for new vaccines to include in the Strategic National Stockpile for protection of the US population in the event of an outbreak. (outbreaknewstoday.com)
The deadly Asian H7N9 virus is a far cry from the relatively benign North American H7N9 virus that hit a few farms in 2017. (blogspot.com)
I'm happy to welcome you to today's COCA Call "2016-2017 Influenza Season Activity and Recommendations for Clinicians. (cdc.gov)

Human infections with avian H7N9 subtype influenza viruses are a major public health concern and vaccines against H7N9 are urgently needed for pandemic preparedness. (nature.com)

Recent phylogenetic analysis indicates that the HA segment of the H7N9 subtype is closely related to a strain that was isolated from domestic ducks in Zhejiang, China, in 2011. (cdc.gov)
In Asia, before this outbreak, an H7N9 strain was sequenced from a wild bird in South Korea that was sampled during 2011 in a migratory bird habitat adjacent to duck farms and also during 2011 in a sample from a mallard duck of unknown status from Japan. (cdc.gov)
In 2013, an avian H7N9 virus strain emerged in China that caused hundreds of human infections. (nature.com)
If someone is infected with an avian influenza strain, the illness is unusually aggressive. (dailynewsegypt.com)
Antibodies to influenza viruses (including the human A2-Asian-57 strain) in sera from Australian shearwaters (Puffinus pacificus). (cdc.gov)

Seasonal influenza is a perpetual public health challenge, and we continually face the possibility of an influenza pandemic resulting from the emergence and spread of novel influenza viruses," Anthony S. Fauci, MD, director of NIAID, said in a news release. (medscape.com)
However, little is known about other AIV subtypes at risk for pandemic emergence, mainly H7 and H9. (blogspot.com)

We examined 48 published studies for which sample sizes could be ascertained to determine the historic prevalence of influenza A(H7N9) virus in wild bird populations and reviewed GenBank data to further establish its distribution. (cdc.gov)

Since the last risk assessment on 21 May 2021, one new laboratory-confirmed human case of influenza A(H5N6) virus infection was reported from China to WHO on 30 May 2021. (who.int)
Environmental samples from these stalls tested positive for influenza A(H5N6) viruses. (who.int)

On April 4, the China Animal Disease Control Centre announced that the virus had been detected in samples collected from a pigeon and chickens at a market in Shanghai ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Molecular Detection of Human H7N9 Influenza A Virus Causing Outbreaks in China. (flutrackers.com)
This is highlighted by confirmed cases of human infections by highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses, and more recently, the H7N9 outbreak in China [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) - A team from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Gansu Agricultural University used genome sequencing as part of its effort to understand the traits and transmissibility of influenza A H7N9 viruses that are behind a spate of human infections in China. (genomeweb.com)
More than 130 individuals in China have come down with flu cases involving the avian influenza A virus H7N9 over the past few months, Chen and her co-authors noted, and the virus has been linked to 37 deaths in that country since mid-February. (genomeweb.com)
When they compared the genomes to one another and to sequences from five human viruses - including an isolate called A/Anhui/1/2013 from the current outbreak in China - the researchers determined that much of the genome was similar across the isolates. (genomeweb.com)
On the other hand, viruses involved in human H7N9 flu cases in China did appear capable of causing disease in mice: animals infected with those viruses dropped as much as 30 percent of their body weight. (genomeweb.com)
No evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission has been found, and no human cases of H7N9 virus infection have been detected outside China, including the United States. (cdc.gov)
Since 31 March 2013, the government of China has been notifying the World Health Organization (WHO) of human infections with the avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, 1 as mandated by the International Health Regulations (2005). (who.int)
To determine transmission potential of influenza A(H7N9) virus, we used symptom onset data to compare 2 waves of infection in China during 2013-2014. (cdc.gov)
Cases of human infection with the H7N9 subtype of influenza A have been reported in China. (bioedonline.org)
However, a HPAIV of the H5N1 subtype killed thousands of bar-headed geese ( Anser indicus ), great black-headed gulls ( Larus ichthyaetus ) and brown-headed gulls ( Larus brunnicephalus ) in Qinghai Lake, China during May 2005 9 , 12 . (nature.com)
H7N9 avian influenza in China: Should we be worried? (outbreaknewstoday.com)
Scientists conduct blood tests on chickens after an outbreak of avian influenza in China. (cosmosmagazine.com)
On 31 March, the Chinese health authorities announced the first cases of avian influenza A (H7N9) in China. (ssi.dk)
In this study, we performed phylogenic analyses of 220 H5N1 viruses that were reported in 27 countries together with 13 viruses we isolated in China, and found that the globally circulating H5N1 viruses have formed 16 different genotypes. (blogspot.com)
Since the first H7N9 influenza case was diagnosed in 2013, the disease has involved more than ten provinces and municipalities of China. (peah.it)
The aim of this study was to analyze the geographic and seasonal distributions of AIVs in the 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous region (PMA) of China, compare the AIVs prevalence in different collecting sites and sampling types, analyze the diversity of AIVs subtypes in environment. (biomedcentral.com)
The nucleic acid positivity rates of influenza A were particularly high (25.96%-45.51%) in eleven provinces covered the Central, Eastern, Southern, Southwest and Northwest of China. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, this is what happened with the H7N9 subtype in China. (vetandlife.ru)
The most recent H7N9 virus infection was reported in China in 2019. (cdc.gov)
From Lisa Schnirring at CIDRAP : ' A study designed to sift out some of the risk factors for H7N9 influenza in China found that expos. (blogspot.com)

however those are the activities that cause global influenza outbreaks or pandemics. (rroij.com)
Kilbourne ED. Influenza pandemics of the 20th Century. (cdc.gov)
Most worrisome, however, is the potential for these viruses to fester, reassort and grow into vicious pandemics. (grn.global)

To get at the genetics behind the newly emerged flu virus subtype, the team sequenced all eight genes that make up the influenza A genome in 37 of the new H7N9 isolates. (genomeweb.com)
Influenza A viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and have a segmented negative-sense RNA genome ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
A team of scientists led by James Paulson looked at mutations that could occur in the genome of H7N9. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of influenza were released on December 19, 2018, by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). (medscape.com)
The patient was confirmed with a diagnosis of human H7N9 avian influenza and transferred to our hospital. (peah.it)

In addition, heterologous antibody titers against older H7 subtype viruses of the North American lineage (H7N7, H7N3) and newer H7 subtype viruses of the Eurasian lineage (H7N9) were detected in the animals receiving the AS03-adjuvanted vaccines. (nature.com)

Her first frontline experience with infectious diseases were when the Nipah virus infected Singapore in 1999. (wikipedia.org)
Her work centers on modeling outbreaks of infectious diseases to help understand how an outbreak unfolds, its trajectory, and what approaches to take to slow-and eventually stop-the spread. (wikipedia.org)
Influenza is one of the most well-known infectious diseases attracting attention worldwide. (springer.com)
In addition to identifying dextromethorphan as a potential influenza treatment option, our study illustrates the feasibility of a bioinformatics-driven rational approach for repurposing approved drugs against infectious diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Outbreak News Today is an online blog magazine which focuses on news and information about infectious diseases and outbreaks. (outbreaknewstoday.com)

Here, we performed a time-resolved phylogenetic analysis of 129 HA sequences representing all 1891 available H5N8 viruses collected from 2010 to 2020. (mdpi.com)
There are many types of avian influenza viruses, but only a few of them have caused serious concerns for human health, most notably H5N1, H7N9 and H5N8. (earth.com)

In many other animal species, avian influenza A viruses have been reported to cause occasional infections, but do not regularly spread among them (e.g., cats and seals). (cdc.gov)

In the spring of 2009, a different influenza virus - one that had never been seen before - suddenly appeared. (bcm.edu)

Further experiments, using animals to test how inducing the changes affected H7N9 virulence, were not possible, because safety regulations prohibit inducing such change in actual flu viruses. (cosmosmagazine.com)

1. What is the likelihood that additional human cases of infection with avian influenza A(H5) viruses will occur? (who.int)

If additional mild human cases of influenza A (H7N9) have occurred and gone undiagnosed, the observed mortality is overestimated. (ssi.dk)

Anatomy13

Organisms93

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care27

Geographicals4

H5N1 and H7N97

H9N217

H1N123

Strains35

Hemagglutinin24

Poultry54

Humans53

Zoonotic12

H3N25

Birds56

Pathogenic avian influenza13

Neuraminidase8

HPAI11

Infect7

Vaccine23

LPAI12

Pathogenicity6

Severe10

Pandemic influenza4

Respiratory18

Bird flu5

Epidemics4

H7N22

Viral8

Circulate4

Genetic10

Disease outbreaks1

Surveillance20

Novel H7N9 influenza2

Swine1

20176

Infections with avian1

Strain5

Emergence2

Wild bird populations1

H5N62

China22

Pandemics3

Genome3

Diagnosis2

H7N71

Infectious diseases5

H5N82

Avian influenza A viruses1

Different influenza virus1

Virulence1

Infection with avian influenza1

Human cases of influenza1