• Here, we addressed this fundamental question directly by recording from single otolith afferents in monkeys during naturalistic translational self-motion and changes in static head orientation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our results indicate that irregular and regular otolith afferents use different strategies to encode naturalistic self-motion and static head orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The otolith system provides vital information about linear head acceleration in three dimensions (i.e., gravito-inertial forces) and the head's orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
  • This observation raises the fundamental question of how the otolith system provides estimates of both dynamic head motion and static orientation relative to gravity. (elifesciences.org)
  • It has an opening in the centre called the pupil which has two types of smooth muscles called circular muscles and radial muscles. (oswalpublishers.com)
  • The fibres of the tunica propria are in the main radial with a few circular. (nih.gov)