• Yonath focuses on the mechanisms underlying protein biosynthesis, by ribosomal crystallography, a research line she pioneered over twenty years ago despite considerable skepticism of the international scientific community. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2000 and 2001, she determined the complete high-resolution structures of both ribosomal subunits and discovered within the otherwise asymmetric ribosome, the universal symmetrical region that provides the framework and navigates the process of polypeptide polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1993 she visualized the path taken by the nascent proteins, namely the ribosomal tunnel, and recently revealed the dynamics elements enabling its involvement in elongation arrest, gating, intra-cellular regulation and nascent chain trafficking into their folding space. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • Here we demonstrate that PSRP1 is not a bona fide ribosomal protein, but rather a functional homologue of the Escherichia coli cold-shock protein pY. (cipsm.de)
  • Expression of the Escherichia coli tryptophanase operon depends on ribosome stalling during translation of the upstream TnaC leader peptide, a process for which interactions between the TnaC nascent chain and the ribosomal exit tunnel are critical. (cipsm.de)
  • Peptide epimerase-dehydratase complex responsible for biosynthesis of the linaridin class ribosomal peptides. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Membrane proteins must be threaded co-translocationally into the lipid bilayer to become membrane-integrated, often with complex topologies and typically form hetero- or homo- oligomers. (stanford.edu)
  • Not much is known about the lipid biosynthesis of tetraether membranes which confer extremophilic characteristics to archaea. (basyc.nl)
  • The vast majority of proteins entering the secretory pathway are synthesized on ribosomes docked at ER translocons and are co-transationally translocated into the ER lumen. (stanford.edu)
  • This highly complex 'protein biogenesis' process is assisted by a diverse network of folding catalysts and protein-modifying enzymes and is scrutinized by molecular chaperones and other 'quality control' factors which ensure that only correctly folded and assembled proteins exit the ER and proceed to distal compartments of the secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
  • Our goal is to elucidate the functional networks that coordinate protein synthesis and quality control in the early secretory pathway. (stanford.edu)
  • The co-chaperone Hep1 is required to prevent the aggregation of mitochondrial Hsp70 proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Under this hypothesis, any model for the emergence of the genetic code is intimately related to a model of the transfer from ribozymes (RNA enzymes) to proteins as the principal enzymes in cells. (mercinewyork.com)
  • Ribosomes translate RNA into protein and because they have slightly different structures in microbes, when compared to eukaryotes, such as human cells, they are often a target for antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • We determined subnanometer-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of eukaryotic ribosome-Sec61 complexes. (cipsm.de)
  • It is typically discussed using the "codons" found in mRNA, as mRNA is the messenger that carries information from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis. (mercinewyork.com)
  • In this study, we confirmed that both GrmH and GrmL, which were shown to constitute a protein complex by a co-purification experiment, were required to catalyze the dehydration, epimerization, and proteolytic cleavage of a precursor peptide GrmA by in vivo experiments. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Furthermore, we demonstrated that GrmH/GrmL complex accepted salinipeptin and cypemycin precursor peptides, which possess three additional amino acids. (hokudai.ac.jp)
  • Instead, damaged or incorrectly synthesized proteins must be rapidly and efficiently destroyed lest they form toxic aggregates. (stanford.edu)
  • Preexisting antivector immunity can severely compromise the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium live vaccines to induce protective CD8 T-cell frequencies after type III secretion system-mediated heterologous protein translocation in orally immunized mice. (cipsm.de)
  • This doesn't matter in RNA, since new RNA copies can be produced from DNA at any time, and most RNA molecules are intentionally destroyed by the cell a short time after they're produced so that the cell does not waste resources producing unneeded proteins from old RNA molecules. (mercinewyork.com)
  • The ER is the 'port of entry' for proteins destined for the cell surface and beyond. (stanford.edu)
  • All protein components that will provide the machinery to carry out the core functionalities eventually need to be coded on a single genome controlled and replicated by the synthetic cell itself. (basyc.nl)
  • The ternary complex containing UFD1L, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is necessary for the export of misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by the proteasome. (nih.gov)
  • The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Additionally, Yonath elucidated the modes of action of over twenty different antibiotics targeting the ribosome, illuminated mechanisms of drug resistance and synergism, deciphered the structural basis for antibiotic selectivity and showed how it plays a key role in clinical usefulness and therapeutic effectiveness, thus paving the way for structure-based drug design. (wikipedia.org)
  • R203K/G204R are co-occurring mutations in the N protein (another structural protein of the virion) that are rapidly increasing. (covidreference.com)
  • This approach allows examination of viral assembly, budding, stability, maturation, entry and genome uncoating involving all of the viral structural proteins without generating replication-competent virus. (covidreference.com)
  • Consequently, she showed that the ribosome is a ribozyme that places its substrates in stereochemistry suitable for peptide bond formation and for substrate-mediated catalysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • born 22 June 1939) is an Israeli chemist and Nobel laureate crystallographer best known for her pioneering work on the structure of ribosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ribosomes translate RNA into protein and because they have slightly different structures in microbes, when compared to eukaryotes, such as human cells, they are often a target for antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under this hypothesis, any model for the emergence of the genetic code is intimately related to a model of the transfer from ribozymes (RNA enzymes) to proteins as the principal enzymes in cells. (mercinewyork.com)
  • Microvesicles loaded with MCs encoding a thymidine kinase (TK)/nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein produced prolonged TK-NTR expression in mammary carcinoma cells. (regenerativemedicine.net)