• Most heritable information in eukaryotic cells is encoded in the nuclear genome, with inheritance patterns following classic Mendelian segregation. (nature.com)
  • Division of both mitochondria and chloro-plasts involves both FtsZ (a homolog of the bacterial division protein, now encoded in the nuclear genome) and dynamin (a eukaryote-specific protein). (asmblog.org)
  • As in mitochondria, which have a genome encoding 37 genes, plastids have their own genomes of about 100-120 unique genes and are interpreted as having arisen as prokaryotic endosymbionts living in the cells of an early eukaryotic ancestor of the land plants and algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unusual mitochondrial genomes and genes. (umontreal.ca)
  • Cladistic analyses based on chloroplast protein coding genes rbcL and rps 4, and the chloroplast encoded trnL (UAA) intron were conducted (1) to investigate phylogenetic relationships among basal peristomate mosses, especially the nematodontous mosses (Tetraphidaceae and Polytrichaceae), and the arthrodontous mosses with pleated endostomes (Buxbaumiaceae and Diphysciaceae), and (2) to make inferences on evolution of the peristome. (bioone.org)
  • The genome contains 92 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and two pseudogenes. (e-kjpt.org)
  • In a post-genomic era, these molecular data used to reconstruct phylogenies increasingly consist of whole genomes or large samples of genes from whole genomes - a field of study often referred to as phylogenomics. (ualg.pt)
  • A total of 134 genes were identified in the cp genome of S. tetrandra, including 87 protein - coding genes , 8 rRNA genes , 37 tRNA genes and 2 pseudogene copies (ycf1 and rps19). (bvsalud.org)
  • Comparative analysis of the Stephania cp genomes revealed 5 highly variable regions, including 3 intergenic regions (trnH-psbA, trnD-trnY, trnP) and two protein coding genes (rps16 and ndhA). (bvsalud.org)
  • Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the conserved chloroplast protein coding genes indicated a sister relationship between S. tetrandra and the monophyletic group of S. japonica and S. kwangsiensis with high support values, suggesting a close genetic relationship within Stephania plants . (bvsalud.org)
  • To build a family tree for the orchids, the scientists sequenced genes in the green structures, called chloroplasts, in which plants transform solar energy into sugar. (eurekalert.org)
  • The genome contains the fewest genes of any angiosperm mitochondrial genome sequenced to date, with intact copies of only 25 of the 41 protein genes inferred to be present in the common ancestor of angiosperms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plant mitochondrial genomes contain genes for their own rRNA subunits as well as for some of the ribosomal proteins and tRNAs required for translation (Figure 1 ), but many necessary ribosomal protein and tRNA genes are located in the nuclear genome, so their gene products must be imported into the mitochondrion [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA barcoding begins with extracting the DNA from a material and then amplifying target regions of the genome (genes) that will allow differentiation. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • We report these two new plastid genome sequences and make comparisons (within angiosperms, seed plants, or all photosynthetic lineages) to evaluate features such as the status of ycf15 and ycf68 as protein coding genes, the distribution of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and longer dispersed repeats (SDR), and patterns of nucleotide composition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like other plastid genomes, these genomes are A+T-rich, except for rRNA and tRNA genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondria (and chloroplasts) each have their own DNA, their DNA is organized in a circular chromosome like typical prokaryotic genomes, and their genomes contain genes that are very similar to genes found in prokaryotic genomes. (gatech.edu)
  • The genomes of plant mitochondria, like any organelle genome, depend on highly integrated functional coordination with the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1) "native" tRNAs encoded in the mitochondrial genome and inherited from the α-proteobacterial progenitor of mitochondria, 2) chloroplast-like tRNAs, which are also encoded in the mitochondrial genome but which were acquired by functional gene transfer from the chloroplast genome during land plant evolution, and 3) nuclear-encoded tRNAs imported from the cytosol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like mitochondria, chloroplasts appear to have an endosymbiotic origin and are derived from cyanobacteria that lived inside the cells of an ancestral, aerobic, heterotrophic eukaryote. (gatech.edu)
  • Mitochondria (and chloroplasts) are approximately the same size as prokaryotic cells, but they are located inside much much larger eukaryotic cells instead of free-living. (gatech.edu)
  • Mitochondria (and chloroplasts) reproduce by binary fission , the process that prokaryotes use to reproduce. (gatech.edu)
  • If the mitochondria (or chloroplasts) are removed from a eukaryotic cell, the cell has no way to produce new ones. (gatech.edu)
  • they are present in the mitochondria/chloroplast genomes. (gatech.edu)
  • The membrane composition of mitochondria (and chloroplasts) is more similar in composition to prokaryotic membranes than to eukaryotic membranes. (gatech.edu)
  • Since all eukaryotes have mitochondria, but only photosynthetic eukaryotes have chloroplasts, the principle of parsimony (the idea that the explanation requiring the fewest steps is most likely correct) argues that first, an ancestral eukaryote engulfed the bacteria (which led to mitochondria). (gatech.edu)
  • To infer the phylogenetic relationships among Clematis species, the complete chloroplast genome sequences of 20 Clematis species were downloaded from GenBank ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ ). (e-kjpt.org)
  • Complete sequences of numerous mitochondrial, many prokaryotic, and several nuclear genomes are now available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such ancient evolutionary origins are especially difficult to reconstruct and require sophisticated modeling of the molecular substitution processes that are inferred from gene sequences of contemporary organisms. (ualg.pt)
  • 2017) Phylogenomics from Whole Genome Sequences Using aTRAM. (wikidot.com)
  • High frequency intra- and intermolecular recombination among large repeated sequences is the rule, generating a heterogeneous pool of genome configurations within a single individual [ 12 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper we report the complete chloroplast genome sequences of the angiosperms Nuphar advena (Nymphaeaceae) and Ranunculus macranthus (Ranunculaceae). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A notable example is the replacement of an original multi-subunit bacteria-like RNA polymerase (inherited from the proto-mitochondrial ancestor and still encoded in certain jakobid - but no other - mitochondrial genomes) by a single-subunit bacteriophage T3/T7-like RNA polymerase, which directs mitochondrial transcription in virtually all eukaryotes [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chloroplast genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. (research.com)
  • The mitochondrial genomes of flowering plants exhibit a number of characteristics that distinguish them from the mitochondrial genomes of other eukaryotes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prior to the origin of eukaryotes, all life on Earth was prokaryotic (lacking nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles). (gatech.edu)
  • The leading hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes, called the endosymbiotic theory , is that eukaryotes arose as a result of a fusion of Archaean cells with bacteria, where an ancient Archaean engulfed (but did not eat) an ancient, aerobic bacterial cell. (gatech.edu)
  • Some early eukaryotes later engulfed a photosynthetic bacterium similar to cyanobacteria, which led to chloroplasts in modern-day photosynthetic eukaryotes. (gatech.edu)
  • At approximately 16 Mbp, its nuclear genome is among the smallest known for non-symbiotic eukaryotes and cur-rently ranks as the smallest of all photosynthetic eukaryotes. (asmblog.org)
  • To this end, we and collaborators have recently published a draft of the nuclear genome of the sardine, and are currently helping develop genetic markers for fisheries monitoring tools. (ualg.pt)
  • Extensive studies of genetic diversity and population structure important for conservation of wild sorghum are yet lacking in Ethiopia, the centre of origin for cultivated sorghum. (cambridge.org)
  • The researchers looked at chloroplasts from 39 species, strategically placed throughout the orchid family, then added genetic data on 150 more species. (eurekalert.org)
  • However, resolving evolutionary relationships in orchids has been challenging due to complexities such as hybridisation, chloroplast capture, whole-genome duplications, and shallow genetic divergence in rapidly diversifying lineages. (ibcmadrid2024.com)
  • Comparative chloroplast genomics as well as detailed characterizations of individual chloroplast genomes serve as the basis for functional genomic studies [ 20 ] and can direct attempts at chloroplast transformation for genetic engineering [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic insights into the hybrid origin of Abies x borisii-regis Mattf. (uu.se)
  • Our understanding of plastid transcriptomes is limited to a few model plants whose plastid genomes (plastomes) have a highly conserved gene order. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plastid genomes (plastomes) of land plants are highly conserved in their gene content and order. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The number of completely sequenced plastid genomes available is growing rapidly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Nuphar [GenBank:NC_008788] and Ranunculus [GenBank:NC_008796] plastid genomes share characteristics of gene content and organization with many other chloroplast genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we use phylogenomics and population genomics to retrace the origin and spread of two geographically overlapping ecotypes of the African grass Alloteropsis angusta. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • In order to better understand the genomic forces driving the evolution of Echinochloa species toward weed and crop characteristics, we assemble genomes of three Echinochloa species (allohexaploid E. crus-galli and E. colona , and allotetraploid E. oryzicola ) and re-sequence 737 accessions of barnyard grasses and millets from 16 rice-producing countries. (nature.com)
  • Nuclear genome sequence and gene expression of an intracellular fungal endophyte stimulating the growth of cranberry plants. (umontreal.ca)
  • The complete chloroplast genome (cp genome) sequence of Clematis calcicola J. S. Kim (Ranunculaceae) is 159,655 bp in length. (e-kjpt.org)
  • The complete cp genome sequence of C. calcicola reported here provides important information for future phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Ranunculaceae. (e-kjpt.org)
  • this facilitated the reconstruction of the sequence of the entire genome. (mpg.de)
  • In this study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a member of this family, Silene latifolia . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This quantity isn't traditionally needed in standard identification but can be critical when looking to sequence a whole genome. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • With the higher throughput of next-generation sequencing, we are able to sequence chloroplast genomes or even entire genomes. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • Detailed comparisons of Nuphar with Nymphaea , another Nymphaeaceae, show that more than two-thirds of these genomes exhibit at least 95% sequence identity and that most SSRs are shared. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long-read sequencing technologies are advancing rapidly, and have already shown significant improvements in costs, portability, and accuracy, which should eventually make whole genome sequencing a more financially feasible option. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • The aim of the work was to study the variability of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and chloroplast (cpDNA) genomes of Norway spruce ( Picea abies ( L .) Karst . (sibjforsci.com)
  • In this review, we examine the diversity and peculiarities of cytoplasmically inherited genomes, and the broad evolutionary consequences that non-Mendelian inheritance brings. (nature.com)
  • These data confirm that the mitochondrial genome originated from a eubacterial (specifically α-proteobacterial) ancestor but raise questions about the evolutionary antecedents of the mitochondrial proteome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Algal genomes reveal evolutionary mosaicism and the fate of nucleomorphs. (research.com)
  • These projects involve genome sequencing and assembly, phylogenomics and bioinformatics. (berkeley.edu)
  • While the entire genome may not be necessary for identification, taking a deeper look into the genome can provide new information about the history of an organism or can even discover new similarities and differences among species. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • Here, we reconstructed the phylogeny of representative well‐known cultivars and wild species of the genus Chrysanthemum using chloroplast genomes and the nuclear LEAFY gene. (jse.ac.cn)
  • Our results suggest that geographic and ecological factors may determine the opportunities for wild species to be involved in the origin of the cultivars. (jse.ac.cn)
  • These interactions are much more important in the origin and isolation of species than we appreciate. (bioone.org)
  • A phylogenetic analysis based on the cp genome of 19 taxa showed high similarity between our cp genome and data published for C. calcicola , which is recognized as a species endemic to the Korean Peninsula. (e-kjpt.org)
  • The complete chloroplast genome of C. calcicola , and the phylogenetic analysis results reported in the present study provide information on the relationship between C. calcicola and related species, which may be a valuable resource for future studies on this species. (e-kjpt.org)
  • Logically, studies focusing on unravelling the origins and trajectories of crop species increased in the last decades. (frontiersin.org)
  • The complete chloroplast (cp) genome data has become a promising strategy to determine geographical origin and understand species evolution for closely related plant species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herein, we sequenced the complete cp genome of S. tetrandra from Zhejiang Province and conducted a comparative analysis within Stephania plants to reveal the structural variations, informative markers and phylogenetic relationship of Stephania species. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, we provided comprehensive and detailed information on the complete chloroplast genome and identified nucleotide diversity hotspots of Stephania species. (bvsalud.org)
  • While chloroplast ribosomes strongly resemble those of bacteria, mitoribosomes have diverged significantly during evolution and present strikingly different structures across eukaryotic species. (sfbbm.fr)
  • 5C+The%5C+numbers%5C+of%5C+seed%5C-origin%5C+individuals%5C+did%5C+however%5C+decline%5C+sharply%5C+with%5C+increasing%5C+size%2C%5C+indicating%5C+a%5C+high%5C+mortality%5C+rate%5C+going%5C+from%5C+seedling%5C+to%5C+sapling%5C+stage%5C+may%5C+be%5C+a%5C+problem%5C+for%5C+this%5C+species. (kib.ac.cn)
  • Mitochondrial genomes of algae. (umontreal.ca)
  • Mitochondrial genome organization and evolution within the green algae and land plants. (umontreal.ca)
  • Beverley R. Green combines subjects such as Dinoflagellate and Algae with his study of Chloroplast. (research.com)
  • Beverley R. Green has researched Algae in several fields, including Phycobilisome, Chloroplast and Glaucophyte. (research.com)
  • Our research is part focused on the evolution of the plant plastid (chloroplast) genome, its origin from a cyanobacteria, and its utility in resolving phylogenetic relationships among the main plant lineages (Glaucosystophytes, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Streptophyta) and among major lineages of land plants (bryophytes and tracheophytes). (ualg.pt)
  • We then describe the evolution of genomic organisation across lineages, how this process has been shaped by interactions with the nuclear genome and population genetics dynamics. (nature.com)
  • We begin by outlining the origins of cytoplasmic inheritance and the evolution of uniparental inheritance, documenting the diversity of cytoplasmic inheritance systems so far observed. (nature.com)
  • In: Organelle Genetics 2012, Part 2: evolution of organelle genomes and gene expression (C. Bullerwell, ed), Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, Germany, p. 41-77. (umontreal.ca)
  • Sequencing has also shown that mitochondrial genomes have, to variable extents, undergone a streamlining process ("reductive evolution" [ 20 ]), leading to a marked loss of coding capacity compared to that of their closest eubacterial relatives. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The size and complexity of plant mitochondrial genomes, especially when compared with animals and fungi, make them powerful models for exploring the forces affecting eukaryotic genome structure and evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They have evolved a tremendous diversity in morphological, anatomical, cytogenetic, physiological, and ecological traits including those promoting highly specialised mycorrhizal and plant-pollinator relationships, with multiple independent origins of phenomena such as mycoheterotrophism, sexually deceptive pollination, and evolution of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. (ibcmadrid2024.com)
  • Coupled with their nearly cosmopolitan distribution and their oft prominent place amongst world tropical floras, orchids stand as a model lineage for the study of the spatio-temporal dynamics of plant diversifications and character evolution as well as of the origin and maintenance of world landscapes. (ibcmadrid2024.com)
  • The isolated chloroplast division machinery includes supertwisted rings and spirals, suggesting that these components actively contract during organelle division. (asmblog.org)
  • Still, you get the idea that in this eu-karyote, with the smallest of all phototrophic genomes, organelle division is a reliable and well-regulated process coordinating components of bacterial as well as eukaryotic origin. (asmblog.org)
  • Thus we add to the small number of genomes not representing monocots or crown eudicots, increasing our ability to compare genomes across all angiosperms and determine general characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and origin of pollinia (packages of hundreds to thousands of pollen grains dispersed as a unit). (eurekalert.org)
  • In the present study, genomes from individual pollen grains were analysed to produce the first, complete map of a potato genome. (mpg.de)
  • These organelles have a bacterial origin and were acquired during an early endosymbiosis event. (sfbbm.fr)
  • Angiosperm mitochondrial genomes also contain numerous introns, some of which have been split such that the resulting gene fragments must be transcribed separately and then trans- spliced together [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the majority of angiosperm chloroplast genomes two copies of a large inverted repeat (IR) of about 25 kb separate the remainder of the genome into two regions of unique DNA, the large (about 90 kb) and small (about 20 kb) single copy regions (LSC and SSC, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
  • One major focus of our research is on the origin of plants and their transition to terrestrial environments. (ualg.pt)
  • Cette étude a abouti à la publication de l'article intitulé « Cryo-EM structure of the RNA-rich plant mitochondrial ribosome» dans le journal Nature Plants le 6 Avril 2019, qui a notamment mis en avant les fonctions précises et le mode d'action inédit des nombreuses protéines PPR associées à ce mitoribosome. (sfbbm.fr)
  • For Chlamydomonas, we use highly synchronized cultures in flat panel bioreactors to generate multi-layered genome-wide datasets anchored to physiology to dissect daily metabolic rhythms and patterns. (berkeley.edu)
  • what's more, multiple copies of each chromosome also make the reconstruction of the potato genome a far greater technical challenge than was the case for the human genome. (mpg.de)
  • The genome can be mapped as a 253,413 bp circle, but its structure is complicated by a large repeated region that is present in 6 copies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We discuss the diversity and patterns of genome organisation for cytoplasmic elements and examine the population genetics of CIEs, highlighting the tension between within- and between-individual spread. (nature.com)
  • However, that could soon change: researchers in the group of geneticist Korbinian Schneeberger were able to generate the first full assembly of a potato genome. (mpg.de)
  • Complete chloroplast genome of Stephania tetrandra (Menispermaceae) from Zhejiang Province: insights into molecular structures, comparative genome analysis, mutational hotspots and phylogenetic relationships. (bvsalud.org)
  • For each organism, we have high quality chromosome-level genome assemblies, and transcript-based structural annotations. (berkeley.edu)
  • I present evidence from reciprocal crosses, cytoplasmic substitution lines, and cell fusion lines that hybrid weakness and sterility often arise from interactions between the nuclear genome and the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. (bioone.org)
  • Divergence in one region of 18S rRNA appears to be the result of a gene conversion event, in which recombination with a homologous gene of chloroplast origin led to the complete replacement of a helix in this ribosomal RNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, the complete chloroplast genome (chloroplast genome) of C. calcicola is reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. (e-kjpt.org)
  • The concepts of his Chloroplast study are interwoven with issues in Acetabularia and Dinoflagellate. (research.com)
  • His research integrates issues of Diatom and Thalassiosira pseudonana in his study of Genome. (research.com)
  • His Genome study is concerned with the field of Gene as a whole. (research.com)
  • Chloroplasts were a useful source of DNA for the study, Givnish says. (eurekalert.org)
  • Chloroplast genomes have been found to be helpful for the identification of Echinacea in a study conducted by the FDA which may indicate future developments in the sequencing space. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • The genome has also experienced a major reduction in tRNA gene content, including loss of functional tRNAs of both native and chloroplast origin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The variations on length and expansion extent to the junction of ycf1 gene were observed between S. tetrandra vouchers from different regions, indicating potential markers for further geographical origin discrimination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, we discuss how both nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes have evolved to co-inhabit the same host cell via one of the longest symbiotic processes, and all the opportunities for intergenomic conflict that arise due to divergence in inheritance patterns. (nature.com)
  • These patterns suggest that the nuclear genome of one ecotype can enter the seeds of the other via occasional pollen movements with sorting of nuclear groups in subsequent generations. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • More than 20 years after the first release of the human genome, scientists at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München and the Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research in Cologne, have for the first time decoded the highly complex genome of the potato. (mpg.de)
  • It brings new insights into the hybrid origin of V. ×tahitensis and its diversification in French Polynesia. (intechopen.com)
  • Origins of cultivars of Chrysanthemum -Evidence from the chloroplast genome and nuclear LFY gene[J]. J Syst Evol, 2020, 58(6): 925-944. (jse.ac.cn)
  • We used genome-wide SNPs generated for 154 diploid banana cultivars and 68 samples of the wild M. acuminata to estimate and geo-localize the contribution of the different subspecies of M. acuminata to cultivated banana. (frontiersin.org)