Organisms sex chromosome aberrations. Medical search. Frequent questions

Human chromosome 2 appears to have resulted from the fusion of two ancestral chromosomes, and many of the genes of those two original chromosomes have been translocated to other chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Topics covered includes: historical perspective of genetics, inheritance patterns and the chromosomal basis of heredity, sex chromosomes in sex determination and sexual dimorphism, cells reproduce through DNA and nucleic acids, DNA transcribes into RNA that ultimately translates into protein, prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes, genetic basis of cancer and how it relates to the cell cycle. (freebookcentre.net)
Topics covered includes: structure and function of genes, chromosomes and genomes, biological variation resulting from recombination, mutation, and selection, population genetics, use of genetic methods to analyze protein function, gene regulation and inherited disease. (freebookcentre.net)
A comparison of human and chimpanzee genes in the region of this inversion indicates that two genes-ROCK1 and USP14-that are adjacent on chimpanzee chromosome 17 (which corresponds to human chromosome 18) are more distantly positioned on human chromosome 18. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Because even small segments of chromosomes can span many genes, chromosomal disorders are characteristically dramatic and often fatal. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Deletions can be very large, encompassing many genes and megabases of DNA, to the point of producing a visible cytological abnormality in a chromosome. (findmice.org)
Duplications can lead to an increase in the number of genes carried on a chromosome and may or may not be cytologically visible. (findmice.org)
Autosomes can be described as the non-sex chromosomes that play diverse roles in the human body like harboring genes for the body's metabolism, functioning, and growth. (biologyonline.com)
Aberrations in autosomal genes can give rise to a wide range of genetic disorders. (biologyonline.com)
A total of 93 BAC clones were used to localize the chromosome complement of the species and 588 genes were annotated, thus almost reaching the 2.5% of the genome sequences. (metasystems-international.com)
In addition, chromosomes with a high number of linked genes that are conserved, even in distant species, were detected. (metasystems-international.com)
The group of genes found on one chromosome which has a tendency to be inherited together is called a linkage group. (rbsesolutions.com)
In addition to repairing faulty genes, medical researchers now have within their grasp the ability to analyze individual genomes-the total genetic makeup of specific organisms-to see if they have a full complement of genes and to add healthy versions of those that are missing. (scienceclarified.com)
Since humans have approximately 32,000 genes, it is to be expected that most sex cells contain at least one mutation of some sort. (scienceclarified.com)

A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. (wikipedia.org)
The ploidy can occur either in the complete set of chromosomes or in the individual chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
It's during this step that each half of the cell has an exact copy of the genetic information, thereby ensuring that each new cell has a complete set of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
The term is also used of the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism.It describes the number of chromosomes, and what they look like under a light microscope.Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and. (mymom.info)

Human autosomes , the non-sex human chromosomes, are integral components of the human genome . (biologyonline.com)

In schematic karyograms, just one of the sister chromatids of each chromosome is generally shown for brevity, and in reality they are generally so close together that they look as one on photomicrographs as well unless the resolution is high enough to distinguish them. (wikipedia.org)
By definition, anaphase is a phase of mitosis wherein the replicated chromosomes, known as sister chromatids, separate from one another and move toward opposite poles of the cell. (biologyideas.com)

Similarly, errors can also result in cells with missing or extra chromosomes, a condition known as 'aneuploidy', and can cause severe abnormalities. (biologyideas.com)
They can be as small as a point mutation, which is a change in a single DNA condon [three base pairs in a DNA sequence that specify the instructions for making an amino acid] or as large as a major structural modification in chromosomes and even missing or extra chromosomes. (scienceclarified.com)

Aneuploidy is a condition in which there is the addition or deletion of one or more chromosomes in a diploid set of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
Aneuploidy may be hypoploidy (loss of one chromosome from a genome) or hyperdiploid (one or more chromosomes extra in a set of chromosomes). (biologyideas.com)
examples include aneuploidy (atypical chromosome number), deletion (loss of part of a chromosome), duplications (extra copies of a region of a chromosome), inversion (when part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches in reverse. (schleiden-eifel.de)

An important point to note here is that certain autosomes do play a role in phenotypic sex determination! (biologyonline.com)
The common belief is that they don't have any role to play in sex determination. (biologyonline.com)
Figure 2: SOX9 gene on the autosome 17 (long arm) plays an integral role in gonadal sex determination. (biologyonline.com)
So, we can't say that autosomes have no role in phenotypic sex determination in humans because they play an integral and indispensable role! (biologyonline.com)
Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)

The change in number of chromosome or change in structure of chromosome is nothing but the chromosomal aberration. (biologyideas.com)
This chromosomal aberration may occurs during cell division. (biologyideas.com)
What are causes of chromosomal aberration? (biologyideas.com)
In an organism, any visible abnormality in chromosome number or structure from the diploid set is known as chromosomal aberration . (schleiden-eifel.de)
B. This chromosomal aberration tends to manifest in males in the form of absent or delayed puberty, sterility, development of breast, etc. (schleiden-eifel.de)
A chromosomal rearrangement or a numerical chromosomal aberration. (findmice.org)
Chromosomal mutations Chromosomal aberration (intergenic changes). (ps3magic.de)

Such a woman has only one X chromosome instead of two and hence a total number of chromosomes found are only 45 (44 + X 0). (rbsesolutions.com)
May 21, 2021 All mutations that change the total number of chromosomes are considered to be genome mutations. (ps3magic.de)

Usurping these processes to deregulate functional pathways is likely simpler than generating mutations or chromosomal aberrations (unless DNA repair is deficient and genetic instability is present). (aacrjournals.org)
A number of scientific papers have been published indicating that LSD might cause structural changes in the chromosomes, genetic mutations, disturbances of embryonic development, and malignant degeneration of cells. (druglibrary.net)
Chromosome mutations are alterations occurring in chromosomes that typically result from errors during nuclear division or from mutagens. (ps3magic.de)
Possible types of mutations in chromosomes include Deletion When a segment of DNA is lost, so there is a missing segment in the chromosome. (ps3magic.de)
Estimates of the frequency of mutations in human sex cells generally are about one per 10 to 100,000 for any specific gene. (scienceclarified.com)

Be it for development, differentiation, stemness, or sex chromosome dosage compensation, stable, cell specific regulation of gene expression is essential for normal function ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
This note covers the following topics: quantitative versus qualitative genetics, Hardy-Weinberg law for gene frequency stability in large populations, Relationship and inbreeding, Estimation of breeding values, Inbreeding, crossing and bred structure, Chromosomes and chromosome aberrations, Genetics on hair and coat colour in mammals, Estimating- and biotechnology and disease resistance. (freebookcentre.net)
Our data suggest that gdf6Y, encoding a TGF-β family growth factor, is the master sex-determining gene in N. furzeri. (gephebase.org)
We used a large number of existing chromosomal aberrations in the Scr homeotic gene to investigate the functions of the cis -acting elements within the endogenous gene. (nih.gov)
When not physically linked, the elements interact with elements on the homologous chromosome and cause derepression of its wild-type Scr gene. (nih.gov)
SOX9 gene) of autosome 17 has an effect on how the gonads will develop, for instance, a dysfunctional SOX9 gene has been found to be associated with sex reversals. (biologyonline.com)
He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)
All homologous chromosome pairs contain two variant forms of the same gene , called " alleles ," which are passed down from parent to offspring. (amboss.com)
As a result, important data about its genome organization and evolution were obtained, such as the lesser gene density of the large metacentric pair compared with the other metacentric chromosomes, which supports the theory of a sex proto-chromosome pair. (metasystems-international.com)
We measured the meiotic recombination rate in two regions of chromosome 5, containing or not an NLR gene cluster. (metasystems-international.com)
For example, the cytogenetic map location of the CFTR gene is 7q31.2, which indicates it is on chromosome 7, q arm, band 3, sub-band 1, and sub-sub-band 2. (mymom.info)
Its recessive defective gene is found on the X chromosome. (rbsesolutions.com)
If X - chromosome contains recessive allele of pigment formation gene than no cone formation takes place and man suffers from colour blindness. (rbsesolutions.com)

The enhancer is not only able to activate transcription of the Scr promoter that is 35 kb distant but can also activate transcription of the Scr promoter on the homologous chromosome. (nih.gov)

So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies. (wikipedia.org)
It is an autosomal abnormality which is caused due to one extra 21st chromosome (45 + 2 = 47). (rbsesolutions.com)

In this condition, a pair of chromosomes is less in the genome i.e. 2n - 2. (biologyideas.com)
The last pair of chromosomes are sex chromosomes, which determine an individuals sex. (ps3magic.de)

Lastly, future work that explores the evolution of sex and recombination within a spatially explicit framework, for example, in metapopulation models (Pannell, 2015), will be particularly useful, especially for understating the dynamics of mating-system and life-history evolution. (mebleogrodowe.pl)

Chromosome abnormality. (ps3magic.de)

The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology. (wikipedia.org)
Euploidy is a condition in which an organism possesses one or more full sets of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
what do you call an organism with four sets of chromosomes . (schleiden-eifel.de)

A kind of mutation in which there is a change to the normal arrangement of the genome into chromosomes. (findmice.org)
Insights into Sex Chromosome Evolution and Aging from the Genome of a Short-Lived Fish. (gephebase.org)
Here, we report a draft sequence of its genome that allowed us to uncover an intra-species Y chromosome polymorphism representing-in real time-different stages of sex chromosome formation that display features of early mammalian XY evolution 'in action. (gephebase.org)
The human genome is composed of 23 pairs of chromosomes, with autosomes (22 pairs) comprising the majority. (biologyonline.com)
The human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes ( 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes ). (amboss.com)
It is shown that the development of biological science and the improvement of research methods allowed to get new in-depth data on the development of RIBE not only at the level of the whole organism, but even at the genome level. (org.ua)

The main part deals with examples of modern FISH-applications, highlighting unique possibilities of the approach, like the possibility to study individual cells and even individual chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)

The eukaryotic chromosomes are larger than that of prokaryotes. (oracleias.org)
Eukaryotic chromosomes are separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane. (oracleias.org)
Long telomeres, the protective caps of eukaryotic chromosomes, which erode during aging, have been the symbol of youth and regenerative potential. (biomedcentral.com)
For decades, long telomeres, the protective caps of eukaryotic chromosomes, have been the symbol of youth and regenerative potential in higher animals, including humans. (biomedcentral.com)

In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23).p28 Thus, in humans 2n = 46. (wikipedia.org)
Humans have one pair fewer chromosomes than the great apes. (wikipedia.org)
It causes due to non-disjunction of chromosomes e.g. in humans, 46 chromosome is a diploid condition. (biologyideas.com)
This lecture note discusses the principles of genetics with application to the study of biological function at the level of molecules, cells, and multicellular organisms, including humans. (freebookcentre.net)
These are some of the most common cytogenetically visible rearrangements in humans - for example , the pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 is found in over. (schleiden-eifel.de)
The isolation and microscopic observation of chromosomes forms the basis of cytogenetics and is the primary method by which clinicians detect chromosomal abnormalities in humans. (mymom.info)
Talking about the "aging" of a single-celled organism such as yeast, and drawing conclusions about the aging of multicellular organisms and humans, from events in the life of yeast, is meaningful only to people who subscribe to the Hayflick doctrine, and who deny the reality of stem cells in mammals and other complex organisms. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
Relevant of mutagenicity and clastogenici- angiosarcomas of the liver, which carcinogens discussed in this chap- ty, including the induction of sister are rare tumours, were identified in ter do not include pharmaceutical chromatid exchange (SCE), chro- humans, rats, and mice exposed to drugs classified in Group 1, which mosomal aberrations (CA), and mi- vinyl chloride. (who.int)

In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)

An in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test was performed with the test substance in Chinese hamster V79 cells according to OECD guideline 473 and in compliance with GLP (Oppong-Nketiah, 2012). (europa.eu)

Karyotype: The characterization of the chromosomal complement of an individual's cell, including number, form, and size of the chromosomes. (mymom.info)
envision physician services leadership ' Sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex females have two X chromosomes (XX), and males have an X and a Y chromosome (XY). (ps3magic.de)

Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)
The switch from metaphase to anaphase is a critical event, powered by the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). Essentially, this is a signal within the cell stating that the chromosomes have been properly aligned on the metaphase plate, signifying their readiness for separation. (biologyideas.com)

The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. (wikipedia.org)
Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies. (wikipedia.org)
The sex of an unborn fetus can be predicted by observation of interphase cells (see amniotic centesis and Barr body). (wikipedia.org)
[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)
Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)
22) * After my arrival in the United States, I participated in a major study concentrating on structural changes of the chromosomes in the white blood cells following LSD administration. (druglibrary.net)
The first group includes papers describing structural changes of the chromosomes produced by LSD in vitro , ** in these experiments various concentrations of LSD are added to cultures of cells from human, animal, or plant tissues in a test-tube. (druglibrary.net)
This allocation is pivotal to cell survival and further division, as it guarantees that both daughter cells receive a full set of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
Not limited to mitosis, anaphase also takes place in meiosis, another type of cell division that leads to the creation of sex cells. (biologyideas.com)
The frequency of ICF cells with chromosomal aberrations seems to increase with passage number, 3,4,40 although this is not a consistent finding. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Human cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes(22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes)giving total of 46 per cell. (oracleias.org)
The process by which living cells, organs, or organisms are frozen and maintained with the intent to revive them as functional units in the future. (findmice.org)
These chromosomes exist in pairs in the somatic cells in contrast to their solo presence in germinal or sex cells , i.e. gametes . (biologyonline.com)
Germ cells only carry one-half of a somatic cell's chromosomes . (amboss.com)
(1) All these variation which an organisms acquires naturally from the parents through their garments or sex cells are said to be E.g. (allschool.ng)
These include constantly some highly specific chromosome aberrations, which, when associated with other factors, lead to the conclusion that TVT derives from cells that have undergone a mutation caused by a still unknown factor. (vin.com)
Tumour cells are exfoliated and transplanted during coitus from animal to animal and perpetuate themselves like any other heterologous, mono-cellular organism. (vin.com)
No increase in the number of cells with chromosomal aberrations was observed at any test concentration in the presence of S9 mix. (europa.eu)
Chromosome and Karyotype Review Somatic cells always have an even number of chromosomes because they exist in pairs (2n or diploid). (mymom.info)
An individual yeast cell coordinates its physiology with the surrounding cells, in ways analogous to the ways individual cells in an animal participate in the coherence of the organism. (doctorsaredangerous.com)

A karyogram or idiogram is a graphical depiction of a karyotype, wherein chromosomes are generally organized in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. (wikipedia.org)
For example, the legumes Lotus tenuis and Vicia faba each have six pairs of chromosomes, yet V. faba chromosomes are many times larger. (wikipedia.org)
All the other chromosomes are still arranged in pairs of two, but. (schleiden-eifel.de)
These chromosomes occur in pairs (22 pairs) and are 44 in number in human beings. (biologyonline.com)
Each human cell contains 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (corresponding in structure and genetic information, i.e., 23 chromosomes are inherited from each parent). (amboss.com)

If a normal diploid cell is 2n, the chromosome content of a double tetrasomic cell is designated. (schleiden-eifel.de)

Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes and any abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
A full account of a karyotype may therefore include the number, type, shape and banding of the chromosomes, as well as other cytogenetic information. (wikipedia.org)
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes, and includes their length, banding pattern, and centromere position. (mymom.info)
A karyotype is a display of the chromosomes of a single cell. (mymom.info)
These are the chromosomes of a normal karyotype. (mymom.info)
Try pairing the chromosomes yourself (as has been done for the Down Syndrome karyotype below). (mymom.info)
Some of the worksheets displayed are Lesson 2 analyzing chromosomes, Biology 1 work i selected answers, Appendix a human karyotyping work, 14, Period chromosome and karyotype review, Ccut n paste karyotyping activityut n paste karyotyping, Human karyotyping lab, Karyotyping activity. (mymom.info)
You will be arranging chromosomes into a completed karyotype, and interpreting your findings just as if you were working in a genetic analysis program at a hospital or clinic. (mymom.info)
A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryote cell. (mymom.info)
Chromosome and Karyotype Review Chromosome Numbers: n is used to represent the number of different chromosomes. (mymom.info)

[1] [2] These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation . (wikipedia.org)

An autosome is defined as any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes . (biologyonline.com)

a complete haploid set of chromosomes is present. (schleiden-eifel.de)

In spite of the meticulous processes that normally ensure accurate chromosome separation, errors during anaphase can still occur, leading to chromosomal instability and disease. (biologyideas.com)
Prokaryotic chromosome contains only a single origin of replication and can occur at any stage of life cycle. (oracleias.org)
1996): In this none-too-original model, the first double-strand break to occur on a chromosome is immediately assigned to the pathway that leads to crossing over, accounting for both the "obligate crossover" (Jones and Franklin 2006) and the preservation of crossing over. (fieldofscience.com)
In order for a mutation to be inherited, it must occur in the genetic material of a sex cell,' O'Neil says. (scienceclarified.com)

Triploidy is a condition in which an organism contains Three sets (3n) of chromosomes in the nucleus of the body cell. (biologyideas.com)
These are thread like structure found in the nucleus with a part or all the genitic material of an organism. (oracleias.org)
Chromosome occupies freely in the center of the cell and not covered by the nucleus. (oracleias.org)
Chromosomes are always enclosed in the nucleus. (oracleias.org)
Due to the absence of the nucleus ,the prokaryotic chromosomes stay in direct contact with the cytoplasm. (oracleias.org)

The possibility of inducing structural changes in the chromosomes by exogenous agents such as radiation, viruses, and a variety of chemicals, has been a subject of great scientific interest for a long time. (druglibrary.net)
In eukaryotes the genetic material is organized as distinct structural entities called chromosomes. (oracleias.org)

Three in vitro assays (Ames, cytogenicity/ chromosomal aberrations and HGPRT) were negative with tin bis(2 -ethylhexanoate). (europa.eu)

The genetic controversy about LSD started in 1967 when Cohen, Marinello and Back (22) published a paper suggesting that LSD should be added to the list of substances capable of causing abnormalities in the chromosomes. (druglibrary.net)
Changes in the structure or quantity of chromosomes , which are strands of condensed genetic material, are known as chromosomal aberrations or abnormalities. (schleiden-eifel.de)
However, within populations there can be found abnormalities involving the structure or number of chromosomes . (schleiden-eifel.de)

The transcription units are shown above the genomic DNA, while chromosomal aberrations are shown below (solid triangles indicate insertions of transposable elements and upward arrows indicate breakpoints of translocations and inversions). (nih.gov)

Both in mitosis and meiosis, anaphase ensures each newly formed cell has a complete and accurate set of chromosomes, thus safeguarding the genetic integrity of an organism. (biologyideas.com)
Golic and Hawley are progeny of the Larry Sandler lineage, steeped in the traditions of meiosis, hard-core chromosome mechanics, fly lore and scholarship. (silverchair.com)

Furthermore, we delve into the significant role of the mitotic spindle, the complex that serves as the catalyst for moving chromosomes during anaphase, and observe the consequential fallout in case of anaphase errors, putting emphasis on common mishaps like non-disjunction which could potentially trigger chromosomal disorders including cancer and Down syndrome. (biologyideas.com)
Mediates attachment of the chromosome to the meiotic or mitotic spindle . (amboss.com)

Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
Aided by the rediscovery at the start of the 1900s of Gregor Mendel 's earlier work, Boveri was able to point out the connection between the rules of inheritance and the behaviour of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Gregor Mendel, conducted hybridi sation experiments on garden peas for seven years (1856-1863) and proposed the laws of inheritance in living organisms. (neetprep.com)

The word chromosome ( / ˈ k r oʊ m ə ˌ s oʊ m , - ˌ z oʊ m / [7] [8] ) comes from the Greek χρῶμα ( chroma , "colour") and σῶμα ( soma , "body"), describing their strong staining by particular dyes . (wikipedia.org)

This kind of result widens the knowledge of this species' chromosome dynamics and evolution. (metasystems-international.com)

The two homologous chromosomes contain identical alleles at a given locus . (amboss.com)
The two homologous chromosomes contain different alleles at a given locus . (amboss.com)

[4] Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase ), and both copies are joined by a centromere , resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. (wikipedia.org)
The most plausible scenario is that the relative telomere lengths of specific chromosomes are inherited, because the chromosomes themselves or identical copies of them end up in the fertilized egg. (biomedcentral.com)
Down Syndrome results when three, rather than the normal two, copies of chromosome 21 are present in each cell. (mymom.info)

Its rapid growth, early sexual maturation, fast aging, and arrested embryonic development (diapause) make it an attractive model organism in biomedical research. (gephebase.org)

These differences could have resulted from successive unequal translocations which removed all the essential genetic material from a chromosome, permitting its loss without penalty to the organism (the dislocation hypothesis) or through fusion. (wikipedia.org)

Anaphase marks a pivotal stage in mitosis, crucially ensuring each resulting daughter cell inherits an accurate set of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)

12. The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge is called (a) non-random evolution (b) adaptive radiation (c) natural selection (d) convergent evolution. (recruitmenttopper.com)

Telomere is present in the tip of eukaryotic chromosome. (oracleias.org)
The old theoretical model of progressive telomere erosion in the female germline is discussed here and updated with the hypothesis that progressive telomere erosion is tied to the monogametic sex in all higher animals. (biomedcentral.com)

Figure 1: A diagrammatic representation of a total of 46 chromosomes in human beings (females: 44+XX and males: 44+XY). (biologyonline.com)
This disease is mainly found in men because males have only one X chromosome. (rbsesolutions.com)

As in higher organisms, stress can accelerate the reproductive process in yeast. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
As in the original yeast work, none of these papers questions whether "homeostasis" has anything to recommend it as an explanation because none has addressed the mundane possibility that crossover constancy reflects merely the normal operation of the system, rather than a reaction to a perceived aberration. (fieldofscience.com)

This intricate phase, located within the larger mechanism of mitosis, is responsible for acting as a guarantor that each nascent cell obtains A precise set of chromosomes. (biologyideas.com)
One such error is 'non-disjunction', where chromosomes fail to separate and are pulled to the same side of the cell, leading to one cell having too many chromosomes and the other having too few. (biologyideas.com)
This step is vital not only in maintaining cell functionality, but also in preserving the overall health of the organism. (biologyideas.com)
The chromosome number of this cell is 2n-1 = 45. (schleiden-eifel.de)
Always two to many chromosomes per cell. (oracleias.org)
Eukaryotic chromosome contain many origin of replications and the genetic material will only replicate at the S phase of cell cycle. (oracleias.org)
Chromosomal This type affects the structures that hold your genesDNA within each cell (chromosomes). (ps3magic.de)
If, however, it occurs in a sex cell-sperm or egg-it will be passed on to the next generation, as O'Neil points out. (scienceclarified.com)
The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)

Telomeres are protective molecular caps at the ends of chromosomes. (ps3magic.de)

Anatomy19

Organisms1

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Genes14

Complete set of chromosomes4

HUMAN CHROMOSOMES1

Sister chromatids2

Missing or extra chromosomes2

Aneuploidy3

Determination5

Chromosomal Aberration7

Total number of chromosomes2

Mutations5

Gene13

Homologous chromosome1

Autosomal2

Pair of chromosomes2

Recombination1

Abnormality1

Sets of chromosomes3

Genome6

Individual chromosomes1

Eukaryotic chromosomes4

Humans8

Heredity1

Mammalian1

Individual's2

Metaphase3

Cells20

Pairs5

Normal diploid1

Karyotype10

Transcriptional regulation1

Autosome1

Haploid1

Occur4

Nucleus5

Structural2

Vitro1

Abnormalities3

Inversions1

Meiosis2

Mitotic2

Inheritance3

Colour1

Species1

Alleles2

Copies3

Embryonic development1

Translocations1

Anaphase1

Evolution1

Telomere2

Males2

YEAST2

Cell9

Telomeres1