• According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00), vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. (janusinfo.se)
  • Citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle, Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (conceptdraw.com)
  • Any living organism that makes its own food by converting simple inorganic molecules into complex organic compounds like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. (shmoop.com)
  • Often in lists of nutritional information, such as the USDA National Nutrient Database, the term "carbohydrate" (or "carbohydrate by difference") is used for everything other than water, protein, fat, ash, and ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • These organisms often species, including Streptococcus anginosus and S. canis , express a surface protein homologous to the Strep- but mainly in S. dysgalactiae subsp. (cdc.gov)
  • Biopolymers include the polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, the carbohydrate polymers produced by bacteria and fungi and animal protein-based biopolymers such as wool, silk, gelatin and collagen: biopolymers, especially the carbohydrate origin, have been found very promising industrial application in … This group consists of naturally occurring polymers and chemical modifications of these polymers. (cichlidresearch.com)
  • Any time insulin suppresses fat burning, it increases carbohydrate and/or protein burning by an equivalent amount. (blogspot.com)
  • The rest is mostly undigested carbohydrate , fiber, protein, fat, and dead epithelial cells from the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • a type of food (e.g., fat, protein, carbohydrate) required in large amounts in the human diet. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • The oversight is understandable since DNA does not appear on nutrition labels in the same manner as protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and minerals. (jpost.com)
  • As filgastrim is very similar to a naturally occurring protein, it is expected to be degradable in aqueous environments and is generally considered as having low potential for toxicity in aquatic organisms. (janusinfo.se)
  • High carbohydrate feeds are quickly fermented by bacteria within the stomach. (horse-canada.com)
  • Here, bacteria and other micro-organisms break down fibre through fermentation to produce volatile fatty acids, which provide the horse with the majority of his energy requirements. (horse-canada.com)
  • For example, a diet rich in dietary carbohydrate such as refined sugar favors bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans , the organism that causes dental caries. (medscape.com)
  • Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria were added to each tube, in order to test the organism's ability to produce acid, during its oxidation of any of these carbohydrates, which included from left to right, glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, and mannitol. (cdc.gov)
  • Illustration of membrane-embedded plant cell-surface receptors (white cartoons) that establish communication with symbiotic bacteria via secreted carbohydrate signaling molecules. (lu.se)
  • Anaerobic gram-positive cocci that produce large amounts of lactic acid during the process of carbohydrate fermentation were reclassified as Streptococcus parvulus and Streptococcus morbillorum from Peptococcus or Peptostreptococcus . (medscape.com)
  • This increase in acid - called hindgut acidosis - kills off beneficial digestive micro-organisms, releasing toxins and allowing pathogens to proliferate. (horse-canada.com)
  • They form symbiotic relationships with some other organisms, such as coral. (gardenguides.com)
  • A symbiotic (read: long-term and partly beneficial) relationship between organisms, where one organism benefits from the relationship, and the other receives no harm or benefit. (shmoop.com)
  • Carbohydrates not only are a biochemical source of energy, but also have key roles in biological-signal transmission, cell recognition and as structural components of living organisms 1 . (nature.com)
  • While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix -ose, which was originally taken from the word glucose (from Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos) 'wine, must'), and is used for almost all sugars, e.g. fructose (fruit sugar), sucrose (cane or beet sugar), ribose, lactose (milk sugar), etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lactose is the fermentable carbohydrate and ascorbic acid is stimulatory for the growth of lactic Streptococci. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Sorbitol-MacConkey (SMAC) agar was developed to take advantage of this characteristic by substituting the carbohydrate sorbitol for lactose in MacConkey agar and is the medium of choice for isolation of E. coli O157:H7 (4). (cdc.gov)
  • Polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) are responsible for enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) from wastewater, where they grow embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). (tudelft.nl)
  • Efforts to probe the biological functions of carbohydrates have long been limited by the lack of such molecules with well-defined structures. (nature.com)
  • Naturally occurring carbohydrates are often structurally undefined - they consist of mixtures of molecules, complicating studies of their biological activity. (nature.com)
  • Structurally well-defined carbohydrates (which consist of just one type of molecule) are therefore in great demand for biological studies, but have been difficult to synthesize, especially when the molecules are large. (nature.com)
  • Contemporary cnidarian-algae symbioses are challenged by increasing CO 2 concentrations (ocean warming and acidification) affecting organisms' biological performance. (nature.com)
  • Biological scientists study living organisms and their relationship to the environment. (studentscholarships.org)
  • This cycle was created to explain how animal tissues oxidized carbohydrates. (brighthub.com)
  • Biomagnification occurs because certain substances, including some pesticides and heavy metals, are not easily degraded and can accumulate in organisms' tissues or internal organs. (shmoop.com)
  • It's telling tissues to stop burning fat because carbohydrate is the available fuel. (blogspot.com)
  • In food science and in many informal contexts, the term "carbohydrate" often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch (such as cereals, bread and pasta) or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar (found in candy, jams, and desserts). (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of biotic factors in an environment include organisms, organic molecules, and cells. (shmoop.com)
  • The human host evolved finely tuned innate and adaptive immune responses enabling to control fungal commensal organism ( 5 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Since the adaptive immunity plays a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance toward commensal organisms, such as commensal C. albicans , understanding its relationship with fungi is critical ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • If using O157 latex reagents, it is important to test isolates in the control latex to detect nonspecific agglutination of organisms with latex. (cdc.gov)
  • This subspecies also hosts the characteristics of patients from the Hadassah Medical variants with Lancefield group A, C, and L carbohydrates. (cdc.gov)
  • Intriguingly, many of these mechanisms utilize the same molecular pathways that are altered through calorie and/or carbohydrate restriction. (springer.com)
  • We review the possible roles for calorie restriction (CR) and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets (KDs) in modulating the five R's of radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic window between tumor control and normal tissue complication probability. (springer.com)
  • I'd like to begin by emphasizing that carbohydrate restriction has helped many people lose body fat and improve their metabolic health. (blogspot.com)
  • Although it doesn't work for everyone, there is no doubt that carbohydrate restriction causes fat loss in many, perhaps even most obese people. (blogspot.com)
  • Family 4 carbohydrate esterases deacetylate polymeric carbohydrate substrates such as chitin, acetyl xylan and peptidoglycan. (rcsb.org)
  • Abstract: Carbohydrates are incredibly diverse biomolecules that facilitate communication between cells and between organisms. (uci.edu)
  • A group of two or more populations of organisms from different species inhabiting the same location at the same time. (shmoop.com)
  • While humans often refer to their "community" as being a part of a group of other humans who live in the same small geographic location, a human population's true ecological community includes all of the other organisms from other species in the area as well. (shmoop.com)
  • 1.3 million described species, insects account for more than 2/3rds of all known organisms, so it is an. (studentscholarships.org)
  • Glycobiology is the study of the structure, function and biology of carbohydrates, also called glycans. (neb.com)
  • Marine biology is the scientific study of living organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. (studentscholarships.org)
  • The human organism is so constituted that for a full life you need a wide range of nutrients, minerals and vitamins. (conceptdraw.com)
  • To truly enter or leave an organism, most substances must cross cell plasma membranes. (aqa.org.uk)
  • In large organisms, exchange surfaces are associated with mass transport systems that carry substances between the exchange surfaces and the rest of the body and between parts of the body. (aqa.org.uk)
  • It also includes dietary fiber which is a carbohydrate but which does not contribute food energy in humans, even though it is often included in the calculation of total food energy just as though it did (i.e., as if it were a digestible and absorbable carbohydrate such as a sugar). (wikipedia.org)
  • Carbohydrates are central to nutrition and are found in a wide variety of natural and processed foods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whole Grain Brown Rice and Diversified Carbohydrates Provide Wholesome Nutrition and Increased Energy Levels. (arcatapet.com)
  • This adaptation helps camouflage the organism, hiding it from predators and allowing it to sneak up on prey. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Peptostreptococcus organisms are part of the normal florae of human mucocutaneous surfaces, including the mouth, intestinal tract, vagina, urethra, and skin. (medscape.com)
  • The organism has been recovered from Two C. dubliniensis reference strains were the oral cavity in healthy people, HIV- used in this study. (who.int)
  • Food Industry - to detect food contaminants, marine biotoxins, small polar compounds and biogenic amines (this produced by organisms). (news-medical.net)
  • [ 11 ] The ability of anaerobic gram-positive cocci and microaerophilic streptococci to produce capsular material is an important virulence mechanism, but other factors may also influence the interaction of these organisms in mixed infections. (medscape.com)
  • Enterococcal Infections Enterococci are gram-positive, facultative anaerobic organisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The PdaA structure provides a template for interpreting the wealth of sequence data on family 4 carbohydrate esterases in a structural context and represents a first step towards understanding the reaction mechanism of this family of enzymes. (rcsb.org)
  • In large multicellular organisms, the immediate environment of cells is some form of tissue fluid. (aqa.org.uk)
  • The taxonomy of these organisms has been reevaluated in a large tertiary-care center in Jerusalem, Israel. (cdc.gov)
  • 2 report an impressive solution to this long-standing problem: an automated carbohydrate synthesizer that greatly streamlines the preparation of large carbohydrates in solution by reducing the number of steps in which intermediate compounds must be isolated. (nature.com)
  • a substance required in relatively large amounts by living organisms, in particular. (consumeraffairs.com)
  • A large body of research has focused on the potential impact of OA on reef organisms, particularly scleractinian corals. (nature.com)
  • In the strict sense, "sugar" is applied for sweet, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in human food. (wikipedia.org)
  • Poop is ubiquitous on earth and forms an essential cog in the wheel of life, acting as a fertilizer for some organisms and food for others. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Changes to body shape and the development of systems in larger organisms as adaptations that facilitate exchange as this ratio reduces. (aqa.org.uk)
  • This cycle occurs within the mitochondria and provides all of the necessary energy for organism function. (brighthub.com)
  • In this talk, I will use two examples to illustrate how the development and utilization of chemical methods can broadly improve our understanding of carbohydrate function. (uci.edu)
  • 1W1B: Structure of Bacillus subtilis PdaA with Cadmium, a family 4 Carbohydrate esterase. (rcsb.org)
  • The relationship between the size of an organism or structure and its surface area to volume ratio. (aqa.org.uk)
  • An organism that only eats animal tissue. (shmoop.com)
  • Most importantly, Candida organisms make their homes inside our bodies. (acufinder.com)