Organic thus hydrolysis. Medical search. Frequent questions

1984. Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of ozone with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions. (cdc.gov)
Determination of mobilities of organic compounds in plant cuticles and correlation with molar volumes. (cdc.gov)
Critical Review of Hydrolysis of Organic Compounds in Water Under Environmental Conditions. (europa.eu)
Wego Chemical Group is a leading global supplier and distributor of low VOC organic compounds such as Parachlorobenzotrifluoride. (thomasnet.com)
Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds , it has also found favour as a non-toxic radiocontrast material. (wikipedia.org)
All the reactions and compounds covered in this section will yield Carboxylic Acids on hydrolysis, and thus are known as Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. (wikibooks.org)
TUSZKO, Wojciech on the reaction rate of hydrolysis of sons fluoroaromatic compounds. (cia.gov)
Acid should be added to aqueous solutions of these compounds to prevent hydrolysis. (asu.edu)
Pollution through the hydrolysis of LiPF6 from the lithium-ion battery can also be minimized through conversion to useful compounds instead of using virgin materials for the synthesis. (researchgate.net)
These are normally long-chain chemical compounds, but Hydrolysis breaks them down into single molecules. (opusenergy.com)
the residence time in a very short gut is too brief for enzymatic hydrolysis, so they specialize in rapidly metabolizable compounds. (eol.org)
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment. (cdc.gov)
2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) consists mainly of combustion-derived carbonaceous particles (fine and ultrafine sizes) with organic compounds and transition metals adsorbed on the surfaces (Stoeger et al. (who.int)

Hall et al have compared the rate of the alkaline hydrolysis of cyclic imides e.g. (europa.eu)
The second-order rate constant for alkaline hydrolysis of the sulfur analogue is 2-fold less than that for the natural cephalosporin. (hud.ac.uk)

Phosphorus in the six humic fractions was characterized by solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy, enzymatic hydrolysis and UV irradiation. (usda.gov)
Enzymatic hydrolysis demonstrated that only 18-32% of P in these humic fractions was enzymatically hydrolyzable. (usda.gov)
A specific overview regarding synthetic methodologies and properties of 6′-lactose-based surfactants is presented herein, particularly all the synthetic approaches to this class of lactose esters, such as enzymatic and traditional organic syntheses. (researchgate.net)
A kinetics study of the enzymatic hydrolysis of separate hydrolysis and fermentation was included as a design tool. (ncsu.edu)

To do this, we provide our customers with technologies for Hydrothermal Carbonization and Thermal Hydrolysis to make their projects more sustainable. (terranova-energy.com)
One of the most effective of these is thermal hydrolysis. (waterworld.com)
However, thermal hydrolysis generally consumes more energy than it helps produce. (waterworld.com)
The thermal hydrolysis process uses heat to break down cell structure and organic material, resulting in a biosolids that is more soluble and readily biodegradable. (waterworld.com)
Thermal hydrolysis has traditionally been performed within a batch system. (waterworld.com)
Kruger's Exelys™ process was developed to overcome the challenges of thermal hydrolysis and build upon the efficiencies of the process. (waterworld.com)
Relative to traditional batch thermal hydrolysis, the system provides the same process conditions and hydrolysis product, but in a much more energy efficient manner. (waterworld.com)
As the mixture moves up the steam condenser section, the steam condenses transferring heat to the biosolids and raising the temperature to a required level for thermal hydrolysis to occur. (waterworld.com)
After the biosolids are at the required temperature and pressure for thermal hydrolysis, the biosolids enter the reactor and flow at a low velocity resulting in plug flow. (waterworld.com)
This plug flow ensures there is no short-circuiting and all the biosolids are under thermal hydrolysis conditions for the required amount of time. (waterworld.com)

The mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters (and transesterification). (khanacademy.org)
NMR analysis demonstrated that organic P was present in various forms of mono- and di-esters with a small portion of phosphonate (0-3.7% of P). However, the phytate form of P was not present in these humic fractions. (usda.gov)
In addition, the substance contains no organic functional groups that may hydrolyze under environmental condition like alkyl halides, amides, amines, epoxides or esters. (europa.eu)
Prolonged storage at RT and delay testing/separation lead to hydrolysis of phosphate esters (eg, glucose phosphate, creatinine phosphate) and overestimation of phosphate concentration. (medscape.com)

In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
This work aims to evaluate second-generation bioethanol production from the soda-ethanol pulp of pine sawdust via two strategies: separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. (ncsu.edu)
High bioethanol yields were obtained for pulp 3 in the separate hydrolysis and fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes (89.3% and 100% after 13 h and 72 h, respectively). (ncsu.edu)
Fermentation of these monomers (Acidogenesis , Fig 1) in the rumen of the dairy cow results in the production of a variety of organic and short chain fatty acids (SCFA's) along with hydrogen and carbon dioxide. (wur.nl)
This includes process optimization of lignocellulose hydrolysis, and fermentation technology for production of organic acids from hemicellulose. (lu.se)

Bronsted and Hammett linear free energy relationships were found to correlate the ca catalytic constants obtained from the hydrolysis of both (X) and (Y) substituted-acetyl series. (gla.ac.uk)
Catalytic mechanism corresponding to the hydrolysis of a glucuronic acid methyl ester (with the sugar moiety shown as R) by OtCE15A. (lu.se)

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of benzaldehyde substituted (X) - phenyl methyl acetals and substituted (Y)-benzaldehyde phenyl methyl acetals were measured in pivalate , acetate, d1-deutero-acetate, beta-chloropropionate, formate and chloroacetate buffers, and in hydrochloric and deutero-chloric acids. (gla.ac.uk)

It does not undergo hydrolysis or dehydrochlorination. (thomasnet.com)
The polysaccharides from the feed initially undergo hydrolysis, resulting in the release of the respective monomers ( for example hexoses). (wur.nl)

Further hydrolysis yields carboxylic acids. (wikipedia.org)

The enhanced mechanism was systematically revealed through sludge disintegration, organic matter biotransformation, and microbial community characteristics, etc. (bvsalud.org)
Mechanistic analysis showed that CH-coupled AR significantly promoted sludge disintegration and hydrolysis processes, providing sufficient material for hydrogen-producing bacteria. (bvsalud.org)

The hydrolysis of the fluorescein diacetate (FDA), related to several soil hydrolases, has been utilised to estimate the potential microbial activity of soil freshly amended with a wide range of organic amendments and compared to the size and activity of soil microflora, measured by the microbial biomass C ( B C ) and CO 2 evolution, respectively. (springer.com)
The addition of the organic amendment immediately increased B C and both measures of microbial activity (FDA and CO 2 evolution). (springer.com)
FDA hydrolysis, conversely to CO 2 evolution, was unaffected by the disturbance caused by the soil amendment, indicating that the two parameters probably reflect different aspects of soil microbial activity. (springer.com)
FDA hydrolysis could serve as an alternative estimation of the microbial biomass in freshly amended soils, despite the disturbance caused by the exogenous organic matter. (springer.com)
Ntougias S, Ehaliotis C, Papadopoulou KK, Zervakis G (2006) Application of respiration and FDA hydrolysis measurements for estimating microbial activity during composting process. (springer.com)
Pascual JA, García C, Hernández T, Ayuso M (1997) Changes in the microbial activity of an arid soil amended with urban organic wastes. (springer.com)
Perucci P, Dumontet S, Bufo SA, Mazzatura A, Cassuci C (2000) Effects of organic amendment and herbicide treatment on soil microbial biomass. (springer.com)

Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to barley bread containing organic acids or corresponding salts were evaluated in healthy human subjects. (nih.gov)
The results also demonstrate that certain salts of organic acids may have metabolic effects. (nih.gov)

In the perspective of hydrolysis dehydrogenation, finding high active and low-cost catalysts to make AB completely release its hydrogen under moderate conditions is a key point for this system. (frontiersin.org)

at the mechanism of acid promoted ester hydrolysis. (khanacademy.org)
The hydrolysis rates measured in buffer solutions, of the twelve acetals studied were found to be dependent on the concentration of undissociated acid and shown to be authentic examples of general acid catalysis, with reference to current opinions that such observations might be manifestations of solvent, electrolyte or buffer effects. (gla.ac.uk)
The results obtained were all indicative of an A-SE2 mechanism in the general acid catalysed hydrolysis of aromatic aryl methyl acetals, with concerted proton transfer to phenolic oxygen and carbon-phenolic oxygen bond fission in the rate limiting step and where incipient carbonium ion stability and leaving group ability, rather than a high relative degree of proton transfer in the transition state, were commensurate to faster hydrolysis rates. (gla.ac.uk)
of general acid catalysis in acetal hydrolysis, although relief of steric strain through carbonium ion formation is also relevant. (gla.ac.uk)
The hydrolysis of benzaldehyde methyl acetyl acylal, the possible intermediate of acetate anion nucleophilic attack on benzaldehyde phenyl methyl acetal, was found to be general acid catalysed, and is believed to be the first reported example of buffer catalysis in acylal hydrolysis. (gla.ac.uk)
The hydrolysis of p-methylbenzaldehyde methyl S-phenyl thioacetal was carried out in weak acid buffers, and the results suggested, although not conclusively, that this substrate might also be catalysed by undissociated acid. (gla.ac.uk)
The rate of in vitro amylolysis was reduced only by ingestion of the breads containing lactic acid, suggesting that the beneficial impact of Na-propionate on metabolic responses and satiety was related to effects other than a reduced rate of starch hydrolysis. (nih.gov)
A base-catalyzed Michael-type addition of sodium diethyl malonate to N -Boc-α-amidoalkyl- p -tolyl sulfones in tetrahydrofuran followed by hydrolysis of the adducts in refluxing 6 M aqueous hydrochloric acid affords β 3 -amino acid hydrochlorides in high yield and excellent purity. (organic-chemistry.org)
Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reaction. (amrita.edu)

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry strengthens the evidenced strategy of integrating general, organic, and biological chemistry for a focused introduction to the fundamental connections between chemistry and life. (ecampus.com)
The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 69 (2). (hud.ac.uk)
development of the field of physical organic chemistry and opinion of the future of chemistry. (aip.org)
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II - Practical' is a course offered in the third semester of B. Pharm program at School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham. (amrita.edu)

It is soluble in organic solvents, and is a nonconductor of electricity, indicating that it is a molecular compound. (asu.edu)
Amongst many of the technologies used to date, the best is the use of simple but scale-up dissolution technology involving non-toxic suitable organic solvents that can effectively dissolve toxic binder, PVdF in battery to avoid much pollution. (researchgate.net)
It is only slightly soluble in water, but may dissolve in organic solvents and fats. (who.int)

Hydrolysis is one example of Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution , which is a very important two step mechanism that is common in all reactions that will be covered here. (wikibooks.org)

The registration substance contains a (cyclic) N-alkyl succinimide moiety and it can be concluded that hydrolysis under environmental conditions (pH 4 to 9, 12 deg C) is comparable to N-Methyl acetamide mentioned before. (europa.eu)

Cellulose is the most abundant organic component of lignocellulosic biomass. (ncsu.edu)
Once partial deacetylation has been accomplished either by enzymes, or by partial chemical hydrolysis, the polymer's cellulose backbone is readily biodegraded. (springer.com)

have also been tentatively studied, however, they have only moderate catalysis and lack the desiring stability in the hydrolysis conditions. (frontiersin.org)

Estimation of gas-phase hydroxyl radical rate constants for organic chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Based on the chemical structure an estimation of the hydrolysis rate is not possible. (europa.eu)

For salt additives, a strong correlation was found between the pKa of the anion and the reaction rate, suggesting a straightforward base-catalyzed hydrolysis. (organic-chemistry.org)

In simple terms, anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic materials into gases - methane and carbon dioxide -with some water as a by-product. (opusenergy.com)
Carbon black is a powdered form of elemental carbon manufactured by the controlled vapor- phase hydrolysis of hydrocarbons. (who.int)

Environment pollution with organic substances from alcohol production plants is reduced to the minimum. (usv.ro)

Organic Syntheses. (wikipedia.org)

The substance consists only of organic functional groups that are relatively or completely inert with respect to hydrolysis. (europa.eu)

It seemed not unreasonable to assume that the same process occurs also in the hydrolysis reaction. (gla.ac.uk)
Furthermore, unlike cephalexin, intramolecular aminolysis in the S-analogue occurs up to pH 14 with no competitive hydrolysis. (hud.ac.uk)

0.01), regardless of the origin, composition and degree of stability of the organic amendments. (springer.com)

Air sampling conducted by NIOSH found no detectable quantities of MDI, methylene-dianiline (101779), a hydrolysis product of MDI, or aliphatic amines. (cdc.gov)

Only background concentrations of formaldehyde (50000), organic vapors, and metals were found. (cdc.gov)

Need some extra help with Organic Molecules? (coursehero.com)

2008). Therefore, the goal of this study is to investigate critical residues of RF1 and determine their role in the recognition process of codon specificity or in the hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA. (escholarship.org)

The high solids content leads to a considerable savings of steam required to reach hydrolysis conditions, while the continuous operation allows for optimal energy recovery. (waterworld.com)

Recent advances in the study of acetal hydrolysis and the use of acetals in model systems for the investigation of enzymically catalysed hydrolysis are reviewed. (gla.ac.uk)
Because of this extremely long half-life a hydrolysis study is not warranted. (europa.eu)
In accordance with REACH Annex VIII column 2, the hydrolysis study does not need to be conducted as the substance is readily biodegradable. (europa.eu)
This study provides an effective strategy with potential economic benefits to improve the bioconversion efficiency of organic matter in KW. (bvsalud.org)

Hydrolysis is metal catalysed, and rapid reaction with organic matter is also possible. (europa.eu)
CaO promoted the leaching and hydrolysis of key organic matter in KW. (bvsalud.org)
Vehicles and machinery primarily powered by renewable organic matter, a resource far better for the planet's health than today's predominate fossil fuels. (lu.se)

They found equal or slower hydrolysis for the cyclic compound. (europa.eu)
Surprisingly, all of the mutants were found to have similar rates of peptidyl- tRNA hydrolysis when compared to wild type RF1. (escholarship.org)

This has been further compounded by depletion of fossil reserves, growing organic waste production, and global warming threats have combined to increase interest in anaerobic digestion and biogas fuel resources [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)

It is a low VOC organic compound, making it widely applicable in products geared toward the developed world that require low toxicity levels. (thomasnet.com)

Energy consumption is decreased because there are less biosolids for hydrolysis after the first digestion step. (waterworld.com)

The hydrolysis of AB (AB, NH 3 BH 3 ) with the help of transition metal catalysts has been identified as one of the promising strategies for the dehydrogenation in numerous experiments. (frontiersin.org)

My interests are in the management of nutrients in livestock manures, other organic resources and fertilisers to optimise nutrient utilisation whilst minimising impacts on water and air quality. (bangor.ac.uk)
Direct and indirect exposure of the soil compartment is unlikely as the substance hydrolyses upon contact with water into cation and persulfate anion. (europa.eu)

Anatomy6

Organisms7

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care2

Compounds13

Alkaline hydrolysis2

Enzymatic4

Thermal Hydrolysis10

Esters4

Fermentation5

Catalytic2

Kinetics1

Undergo2

Carboxylic1

Sludge2

Microbial7

Acids2

Hydrogen1

Acid9

Chemistry4

Solvents3

Mechanism1

Methyl1

Cellulose2

Catalysis1

Estimation2

Reaction rate1

Carbon2

Pollution1

Syntheses1

Functional groups1

Occurs2

Stability1

Amines1

Metals1

Molecules1

Process1

Conditions1

Study4

Matter3

Found2

Production1

Products1

Energy1

Transition1

Water2