AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Spiral Ligament of CochleaCochleaStria VascularisLigamentsSpiral LaminaSpiral GanglionCochlear DuctLigaments, ArticularCochlear DiseasesOrgan of CortiEar, InnerRound Window, EarEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemTemporal BonePresbycusisPeriodontal LigamentHearing Loss, Noise-InducedTomography, Spiral ComputedLongitudinal LigamentsLabyrinthitisPosterior Cruciate LigamentGuinea PigsHair Cells, AuditoryMice, Inbred CBAPatellar LigamentAnterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionOssification of Posterior Longitudinal LigamentBroad LigamentImmunohistochemistryHair Cells, Auditory, InnerHair Cells, Auditory, OuterRound LigamentHearingLabyrinth Supporting CellsCochlear NerveLateral Ligament, AnkleJoint InstabilityDeafness
Basilar membraneAnchored to the bonyCortiModiolusCochlearVestibuleMembranous labyrinthOval windowStapesStructuresHearingPerilymphDissectionStimuliChambersFluidAcousticCellsTherapeuticProcessCochlear spiralMammalian cochleaFluid in the cochleaAuditoryBasilarTectorial membraneUltrastructuralSensorySynapsesBony labyrinthImmunohistochemistryConsistentParallelMechanicalBoneFrequenciesSoundMiddleGeneResultMotionFunctionAnimalImportant
Basilar membrane2
  • The basilar membrane forms the inferior surface of the cochlear canal, and supports the organ of Corti, responsible for the transduction of acoustic stimuli. (cloudaccess.net)
  • These massive doses can potentially introduce artifacts and overwhelm different trafficking routes such as tight junctions, stria vascularis, modiolus, basilar membrane, spiral ligament [16]. (insulin-receptor.info)
Anchored to the bony1
  • The membranous labyrinth is anchored to the bony labyrinth at the spiral ligament, the lateral edge of the triangle, and at the lip of the osseous spiral lamina medially. (cdc.gov)
Corti7
  • The organ of Corti (hearing organ) is unique in that it need not be sectioned in order to be examined microscopically. (cdc.gov)
  • The various cells in the organ of Corti can be examined by 'optically sectioning' or using the z-axis (fine focus) of a microscope to focus at successively deeper layers within the epithelium. (cdc.gov)
  • 4) The mouse organ of Corti averages about 6 mm in length and contains about 700 inner hair cells and 2400 outer hair cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Disadvantages: 1) The hair cells and supporting cells in the organ of Corti are very small. (cdc.gov)
  • The mammalian inner ear contains sensory organs, the organ of Corti in the cochlea and cristae and maculae in the vestibule, with each comprised of patterned sensory epithelia that are responsible for hearing and balance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The neurosensory structures involved in hearing and equilibrium are located in the membranous labyrinth: the organ of Corti is located in the cochlear canal, while the maculae of the utricle and the saccule and the ampullae of the semicircular canals are located in the posterior section. (cloudaccess.net)
  • All auditory information is transduced by only 15,000 hair cells (organ of Corti), of which the so-called inner hair cells, numbering 3,500, are critically important, since they form synapses with approximately 90% of the 30,000 primary auditory neurons (figure 2). (cloudaccess.net)
Modiolus2
  • The membranous labyrinth spirals around a central bony canal, the modiolus, that contains the auditory division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (i.e., 8th cranial) and blood vessels to the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • By anatomical convention, structures toward the modiolus are medial while those toward the spiral ligament are lateral. (cdc.gov)
Cochlear5
  • 1966). The cochlea can also be embedded in plastic before dissection of the cochlear duct (Bohne and Harding, 1997). (cdc.gov)
  • Because of its small size, the mouse cochlea presents some advantages and disadvantages for cochlear preparation and microscopic evaluation. (cdc.gov)
  • NGS of RNA from inner ear sensory epithelial cells led to the identification of 455 miRNAs in both cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelium, with 30 and 44 miRNAs found in only cochlea or vestibule, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different cells are activated by different pitches because there is a stiffness gradient along the cochlear spiral. (amplexhearing.com.au)
  • The cochlear canal is a spiral triangular tube, comprising two and one-half turns, which separates the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani. (cloudaccess.net)
Vestibule1
  • The vestibule houses the two static organs of equilibrium (saccule and utricle) as well as the cristae in the semicircular canals. (cdc.gov)
Membranous labyrinth1
  • The cochlea, which houses the sensory organ for hearing, consists of a triangular-shaped, fluid-filled channel, the membranous labyrinth, that is housed within the bony labyrinth (otic capsule). (cdc.gov)
Oval window2
  • The best understood mechanism is fixation of the stapes footplate to the oval window of the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The piston-like action of the stapes bone at the oval window sends a wave propagating through the spirals of the cochlea. (amplexhearing.com.au)
Stapes1
Structures1
  • There are certainly a few well documented instances of sclerotic lesions directly obliterating sensory structures within the cochlea and spiral ligament, which have been photographed and reported post-mortem. (wikipedia.org)
Hearing6
  • The primary form of hearing loss in otosclerosis is conductive hearing loss (CHL) whereby sounds reach the ear drum but are incompletely transferred via the ossicular chain in the middle ear, and thus partly fail to reach the inner ear (cochlea). (wikipedia.org)
  • The petrous portion of the temporal bone houses the organs for hearing, equilibrium and motion detection. (cdc.gov)
  • The coiled end (cochlea) relates to hearing. (amplexhearing.com.au)
  • The ear is the sensory organ responsible for hearing and the maintenance of equilibrium, via the detection of body position and of head movement. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The anterior portion is known as the cochlea and is the actual organ of hearing. (cloudaccess.net)
  • Methods The guinea pig was chosen because its hearing and vestibular systems are very similar to those of humans, as well as its ease of handling and large size of the cochlea [17]. (insulin-receptor.info)
Perilymph1
Dissection1
  • CSF sampling was performed by Actinomycin D irreversible inhibition incising the skin and soft tissue over the occipital bone, carrying the dissection down to the atlanto-occipital ligament which was exposed and incised, entering the cisterna magna. (insulin-receptor.info)
Stimuli1
  • The origin of this high-rate activity is found in the cochlea, where inner hair cells (IHCs) transduce mechanical stimuli into receptor potentials, followed by faithful and indefatigable transmitter release at their ribbon synapses. (biomedcentral.com)
Chambers2
Fluid1
Acoustic2
  • However, the type and function of DAMPs in the cochlea following acoustic trauma is rarely clear. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the spatiotemporal expression of HMGB1 in cochlea with acoustic injury has not been systemically investigated. (frontiersin.org)
Cells2
  • Hair cells have a bundle of elongated microvilli called stereocilia that project from the apical membrane into an extracellular gelatinous material that overlies the sensory area in each vestibular organ. (cdc.gov)
  • The origin of high-frequency activity of auditory brainstem neurons is the indefatigable sound-driven transmitter release of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. (biomedcentral.com)
Therapeutic1
  • Due to its relatively independent function accompanying its different cellular localization, a deeper understanding of HMGB1 biology in the cochlea is indispensable for guiding future precise therapeutic interventions. (frontiersin.org)
Process2
  • It may result from direct injury to the cochlea and spiral ligament from the lytic process or from release of proteolytic enzymes into the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
  • One end terminates in the spiral ligament, a process of the cochlea's central column, while the other is connected to the bony wall of the cochlea. (cloudaccess.net)
Cochlear spiral1
  • Different cells are activated by different pitches because there is a stiffness gradient along the cochlear spiral. (amplexhearing.com.au)
Mammalian cochlea1
  • Axelsson A, Ryan A (1988) Comparative study of the vascular anatomy in the mammalian cochlea. (springer.com)
Fluid in the cochlea2
  • Sound waves are captured by the outer ear which are funneled into the external auditory meatus which functions as an impedance transformer that facilitates transmission of airborne sound into vibrations of the fluid in the cochlea. (evokedpotential.com)
  • The movement of fluid in the cochlea, induced by sound, causes displacement of the basilar membrane and subsequent stimulation of the attached hair cells which transform the mechanical signal into neural activity. (lookformedical.com)
Auditory6
  • Auditory neuropathy is caused by the loss of afferent input to the brainstem via the components of the neural pathway comprising inner hair cells and the first order neurons of the spiral ganglion. (nature.com)
  • The auditory system is highly complex, and disruptions at the level of the middle ear, cochlea, and central nervous system can result in variable degrees of hearing loss. (medscape.com)
  • Although attention has focused on major obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, the impact of obesity on sensorineural organs, including the auditory system, is unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Auditory sensitivity was evaluated based on the auditory brainstem response (ABR), distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), and ABR wave 1 amplitude at 14 weeks of age, followed by biochemical analyses. (bvsalud.org)
  • The origin of high-frequency activity of auditory brainstem neurons is the indefatigable sound-driven transmitter release of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ear consists of the outer ear (pinna), middle ear (external auditory meatus) and inner ear (cochlea) where the transduction (processing) of sound occurs. (evokedpotential.com)
Basilar2
  • a Experimental approach to the middle-ear, basilar membrane, and underlying structures of the cochlear partition in the round window region of the gerbil cochlea. (nature.com)
  • It stretches from the SPIRAL LAMINA to the basilar crest. (lookformedical.com)
Tectorial membrane1
  • The spiral ligament, Reissner's membrane and the tectorial membrane are removed from the specimen with small forceps and scissors. (cdc.gov)
Ultrastructural1
  • This result is consistent with previous ultrastructural analyses of KA neurotoxicity in other neuronal tissues. (nature.com)
Sensory1
  • There are certainly a few well documented instances of sclerotic lesions directly obliterating sensory structures within the cochlea and spiral ligament, which have been photographed and reported post-mortem. (wikipedia.org)
Synapses1
  • The origin of this high-rate activity is found in the cochlea, where inner hair cells (IHCs) transduce mechanical stimuli into receptor potentials, followed by faithful and indefatigable transmitter release at their ribbon synapses. (biomedcentral.com)
Bony labyrinth1
  • From their studies, it was known that the cochlea is composed of a bony labyrinth, within which is found the cellular structures comprising the membranous labyrinth. (springer.com)
Immunohistochemistry3
  • Expression of MYH9 in the rat cochlea was confirmed using reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunohistochemistry. (nih.gov)
  • Ototoxicity was assessed by measuring frequency specific ABR thresholds before and 96 h after treatment, loss of inner (IHCs) and outer (OHCs) hair cells, and by performing densitometry-based immunohistochemistry analysis of cochlear synaptophysin, organic transporter 2 (OCT2), and copper transporter 1 (CTR1) at 12 and 7 mm from the round window. (frontiersin.org)
  • Upregulation of constitutive NOS (nNOS and eNOS) was found in the substructures of the cochlea after HBOT, but inducible NOS was not found in normal or HBOT animals, as shown by immunohistochemistry. (biomedcentral.com)
Consistent1
  • conversely, inflammatory (IL-1ß) responses were observed only in the male liver and cochlea, consistent with phenotype HFD-induced obesity. (bvsalud.org)
Parallel2
Mechanical1
  • This place-based spectral analysis, or mechanical tonotopy, underlies the brain's ability to distinguish and identify sounds, even when multiple sound sources are present simultaneously. (nature.com)
Bone1
  • The skull also conducts sound (bone-conduction) which is useful for low frequencies however, neural transmission representation in the cochlea pushes beyond the physical limits of bone conduction. (evokedpotential.com)
Frequencies1
  • Each location along the length of the spiraling cochlear partition is tuned, in a level-dependent manner, to its own characteristic range of frequencies: high frequencies stimulate the cochlear base, and low frequencies, the apex 1 . (nature.com)
Sound1
  • Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production. (lookformedical.com)
Middle1
  • The primary form of hearing loss in otosclerosis is conductive hearing loss (CHL) whereby sounds reach the ear drum but are incompletely transferred via the ossicular chain in the middle ear, and thus partly fail to reach the inner ear (cochlea). (wikipedia.org)
Gene1
  • One genome-wide analysis associates otosclerosis with variation in RELN gene. (wikipedia.org)
Result1
  • It may result from direct injury to the cochlea and spiral ligament from the lytic process or from release of proteolytic enzymes into the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
Motion1
Function1
  • Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light. (lookformedical.com)
Animal1
  • The in vivo toxicity and drug absorption of the DEX-loaded P407 formulation after IT injection were evaluated using an animal model by performing histopathological analysis and drug concentration measurements. (bvsalud.org)
Important1
  • Fig. 1 ), the structural element of the hearing organ that has been the focus of important experimental and theoretical work for over 50 years 4 . (nature.com)