• They then enter the middle cranial fossa above foramen lacerum, travel through the cavernous sinus in the middle cranial fossa and then travel with the ophthalmic artery in the optic canal or on the ophthalmic nerve through the superior orbital fissure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Headache is the most common presentation symptom and usually precedes fevers, periorbital edema, and cranial nerve signs. (medscape.com)
  • The headache is usually sharp, increases progressively, and is usually localized to the regions innervated by the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the fifth cranial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the fifth cranial nerve are embedded in the wall. (medscape.com)
  • The sixth cranial nerve follows a more medial course in close approximation to the internal carotid, as depicted in the image above. (medscape.com)
  • The PTA offers a wide surgical corridor that can only be afforded by exposing the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, drilling the anterior clinoid process extradurally, dividing the distal dural ring, and fully mobilizing the oculomotor nerve, including often drilling the posterior clinoid process. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Pain in the V1 and V2 divisions of the trigeminal nerve can suggest an intracranial (e.g., cavernous sinus) or intraorbital lesion. (eyewiki.org)
  • or ocular nerve palsies (e.g., ptosis, diplopia) caused by impingement of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerves in the cavernous sinuses. (pediagenosis.com)
  • In patients with normal visual fields who lack cranial nerve palsies, observation is a reasonable treatment approach. (pediagenosis.com)
  • 1.The optic nerve leaves via the optic foramen and forms the optic nerve where it passes posteriorly to form the optic chiasm. (myneurosurg.com)
  • The optic canal on the right has been opened to expose the ophthalmic artery, a branch off the internal carotid, coursing with the nerve to the orbit. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The dura mater of the middle cranial fossa has been stripped away to reveal the trigeminal nerve and ganglion, the cavernous sinus, and associated nerves. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The right trochlear (CNIV) nerve is seen leaving the dorsal surface of the midbrain and curving around the cerebral peduncle between the posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries to gain the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • He correctly shows the dura mater extending along the optic nerve to the posterior surface of the eye. (rct.uk)
  • Pituitary adenomas often invade the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, but this structure is generally not surgically removed because of the risk of vascular and cranial nerve injury. (stanford.edu)
  • 2016. Dr N-F.CALLAWAY et al : Retinal and optic nerve hemorrhages in the newborn infant. (atide-asso.org)
  • The 3rd, 4th, and 6th cranial nerves and the ophthalmic and maxillary branches of the 5th cranial nerve are adjacent to the cavernous sinus and are commonly affected in cavernous sinus thrombosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Note the middle meningeal veins and artery (MM), superior petrosal sinus (SPS), draining vein (DV), optic nerve (CNII), and internal carotid artery (ICA) for reference. (acbjournal.org)
  • Visual loss secondary to optic nerve drusen. (aetna.com)
  • Optic nerve decompression surgery (also known as optic nerve sheath decompression surgery) involves cutting slits or a window in the optic nerve sheath to allow cerebrospinal fluid to escape, thereby reducing the pressure around the optic nerve. (aetna.com)
  • Diamox, Lasix, corticosteroids), and disc swelling with visual field loss progresses, direct fenestration of the optic nerve sheaths via medial or lateral orbitotomy has been shown to be an effective and relatively simple procedure for relief of papilledema. (aetna.com)
  • It is caused by infarction of the short posterior ciliary arteries supplying the anterior optic nerve. (aetna.com)
  • There is no direct treatment for NAION, although corticosteroids are sometimes used to reduce optic nerve edema. (aetna.com)
  • Initial results of uncontrolled studies suggested that optic nerve sheath decompression was a promising treatment of progressive visual loss in patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
  • To resolve the controversy over the effectiveness of optic nerve decompression for NAION, the National Eye Institute sponsored the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of optic nerve decompression surgery for patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
  • The investigators concluded that optic nerve decompression surgery is not an effective treatment for NAION, and in fact, may increase the risk of progressive visual loss in NAION patients. (aetna.com)
  • A structured evidence review (Dickersin and Manheimer, 2002) concluded that "[r]esults from the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial indicate that optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is not effective. (aetna.com)
  • A Cochrane review (Dickersin et al, 2012) concluded that results from the single trial indicate no evidence of a beneficial effect of optic nerve decompression surgery for NAION. (aetna.com)
  • The only difference between the orbital apex diseases such as OPS, CSS (Cavernous sinus syndrome), and SOFS (Superior orbital fissure syndrome) is the involvement of the optic nerve. (healthncare.info)
  • Facial pain due to cranial nerve interference. (healthncare.info)
  • The involvement of the optic nerve is responsible for the afferent pupillary deficit. (healthncare.info)
  • Suprasellar extension of the tumor could compress the optic chiasm and optic nerve, resulting in visual field defect, mainly bitemporal deficit, and blurred vision. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lateral or cavernous sinus extension could lead to diplopia due to compression of the third, fourth, and sixth cranial nerve, with sixth nerve compression being the most prevalent because of its medial position in cavernous sinus. (researchsquare.com)
  • b) They primarily affect the optic nerve. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • c) They originate from the optic nerve. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • Through what opening in the skull does the optic nerve pass? (freezingblue.com)
  • Is it related to any of the crucial structures such as extraocular muscles or the optic nerve? (cybersight.org)
  • Not to forget the rest of the ocular examination including visual acuity, color vision, assessment of the pupil for Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect, Schirmers specifically for Lacrimal Gland Tumors, basic ocular examination, specific cranial nerve examination and if you think that the tumor is a secondary one, rising from the nasal cavity or Paranasal Sinuses then we have to do oral and nasal examination as well. (cybersight.org)
  • It transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery from the middle cranial fossa. (dartmouth.edu)
  • It communicates with the middle cranial fossa and transmits cranial nerves III, IV, and VI, the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve, and the ophthalmic veins (fig. 45-5 ). (dartmouth.edu)
  • The ophthalmic nerve, the first division of the trigeminal (fifth cranial) nerve, is a wholly afferent nerve that supplies the globe and conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and sac, nasal mucosa and frontal sinus, external nose, upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp, It arises from the trigeminal ganglion which contains the cell bodies of its sensory nerve fibers. (dartmouth.edu)
  • Anatomic configurations that predispose the optic nerve to injury include type 2 (nerve course adjacent to the sphenoid sinus causing an indentation of the sinus wall, without contacting any posterior ethmoid cell) or type 3 (nerves course through the sphenoid sinus), bone dehiscence over the optic nerve, and anterior clinoid process pneumatization (ACPP) with and without ipsilateral optic nerve protrusion. (openaccesspub.org)
  • 11 ACPP is not associated with any predictors that might be recognized preoperatively 12 and has no reported pathologic consequences despite its proximity to the internal carotid artery, the ophthalmic artery, and the optic nerve. (openaccesspub.org)
  • However, patient would occasionally complain of transient numbness and tingling on the left side of her face, but no focal weakness or slurred speech was noted and cranial nerves were intact. (symptoma.com)
  • Anatomy of cross section of cavernous sinus showing close proximity to cranial nerves and sphenoid sinus. (medscape.com)
  • The third and fourth cranial nerves are attached to the lateral wall of the sinus. (medscape.com)
  • Binocular horizontal diplopia (images displaced horizontally) is usually due to disease of the medial or lateral rectus muscle, the neuromuscular junction, or the nerves supplying these muscles (e.g., cranial nerves III or VI). (eyewiki.org)
  • Vertical diplopia (images displaced vertically) can be due to involvement of extraocular muscles, neuromuscular junction (e.g., myasthenia gravis), or cranial nerves (e.g. (eyewiki.org)
  • There are several important structures that reside in the vicinity of the ganglion: the cavernous sinus, the optic and trochlear nerves medially, the inferior surface of the temporal lobe of the brain superiorly, and the brain stem posteriorly. (asra.com)
  • In this view, medial to the anterior clinoid processes are the optic nerves (CNII) emerging from the optic canals and the supraclinoid internal carotid arteries. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Both nerves are located in the superior portion of the lateral sinus wall before passing to the orbit through the superior orbital fissure. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The diagram at lower right shows the head sectioned horizontally at eye level and the crown of the head flipped back: all the sensory nerves, not just the optic, converge on the first ventricle. (rct.uk)
  • Orbital apex syndrome is a condition in which the cranial and optic nerves are involved and they do not work properly. (healthncare.info)
  • These symptoms result due to the involvement of the optic and cranial nerves simultaneously. (healthncare.info)
  • Tumour size, cavernous sinus invasion, traction or displacement of intracranial pain-sensitive structures such as blood vessels, cranial nerves and dura mater, and hormonal hypersecretion are implicated causes. (medscape.com)
  • Its sensory ganglion (the gasserian ganglion) resides in Meckel's cave, which is in the floor of the middle cranial fossa. (asra.com)
  • The maxillary division exits the middle cranial fossa from foramen rotundum and enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure. (asra.com)
  • During the routine dissection of a male cadaver aged 75-year-old at death, a venous sinus ( Fig. 1 ) was identified traveling from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly, over the floor of the middle cranial fossa, over the petrous part of the temporal bone, to drain into the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
  • The orbit is related (1) on its superior side to the anterior cranial fossa and usually to the frontal sinus, (2) laterally to the temporal fossa in (anterior) and to the middle cranial fossa (posterior), (3) on its inferior side to the maxillary sinus, and (4) medially to the ethmoidal and the anterior extent of the sphenoidal sinuses. (dartmouth.edu)
  • In summary, the orbit communicates with the middle cranial fossa (via the optic canal and superior orbital fissure), the infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae ( via the inferior orbital fissure), the inferior meatus of the nose (via the nasolacrimal canal), the nasal cavity (via the anterior ethmoidal foramen), and the face ( via supraorbital and infraorbital foramina). (dartmouth.edu)
  • The posterior ethmoid sinuses empty into the superior meatus, and the sphenoid sinuses empty into the sphenoethmoidal recess. (medscape.com)
  • These sinuses are just lateral and superior to the sphenoid sinus and are immediately posterior to the optic chiasm, as depicted in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • Surrounding the nasal cavities are air-containing mucosal lined sinuses, which include the frontal sinuses (superior anterior), ethmoid sinuses (superior), paired maxillary sinuses (lateral), and sphenoid sinuses (posterior). (nih.gov)
  • The sphenoid sinus empties into the posterior roof. (nih.gov)
  • Four cavernous sinus compartments are described based on their spatial relationship with the cavernous carotid artery: superior, posterior, inferior, and lateral. (stanford.edu)
  • Anteriorly: The lesion causes scalloping of the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The variant venous sinus was approximately 8 mm in width at its anterior and posterior extremes but was dilated to 1.2 cm as it crossed over the petrous part of the temporal bone. (acbjournal.org)
  • The optic canal lies in the posterior part of the roof, between the roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. (dartmouth.edu)
  • tero-posterior skiagram of the skull, the light shadows formed by the lls are seen to occupy the well-defined area bounded on either side by ter shadow of the orbital cavities and above by the dense horizontal he cribriform plate, which occupies the frontier line between these the frontal sinuses. (co.ma)
  • e sphenoidal sinuses are so deeply placed behind the upper half of the rm aperture of the nose that their outlines cannot be identified in an -o-posterior skiagram. (co.ma)
  • The fossa hypophyseos lies immediately behind the superior part of the sphenoidal sinuses, and, in a median sagittal section of the skull, the anterior half of the fossa is seen to project into what would correspond to the supero-posterior angle of the sinuses. (co.ma)
  • The more the sphenoidal sinuses project backwards, beneath the sella turcica, the thinner is the plate of bone which separates the sinus from that part of the posterior fossa of the base of the skull which supports the pons. (co.ma)
  • The hypophysis is then exposed by breaking down the anterior portion of the floor of the sella turcica, which forms a bullous-like projection into the superior and posterior part of the sinuses. (co.ma)
  • 2.Post the optic chiasm all lesions will be contralateral, and form the optic tract (consists ipsilateral temporal and contra-lateral nasal fibres) and synapse at the lateral geniculate body in the thalamus. (myneurosurg.com)
  • Involvement of the Optic Chiasm. (myneurosurg.com)
  • Note lesions here will be provide loss of vision on the contralateral field of vision as the tracts have crossed the optic chiasm. (myneurosurg.com)
  • Suprasellar extension was noted to the level of the cistern, but no compression of the optic chiasm was apparent. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Superiorly: It is seen effacing the suprasellar cistern and indenting the optic chiasm more on the left with more cranial extension, indenting the floor of 3rd ventricle. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Chronic IFRS is an indolent infection with a slow destructive process that most commonly affects the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, but may involve any paranasal sinus 6 , 7 . (actaitalica.it)
  • He also leads several courses and also especially the paranasal sinus course in Munich. (brainlab.com)
  • which resulted from enlargement of the frontal paranasal sinus, a frequent feature of acromegaly. (serdarbalci.com)
  • Pneumatization occurs when a paranasal sinus, often the sphenoid or ethmoid sinus, extends into the anterior clinoid process via the inferior or anterior root otherwise known as the optic strut. (openaccesspub.org)
  • The cavernous sinuses receive venous blood from the facial veins (via the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins) as well as the sphenoid and middle cerebral veins. (medscape.com)
  • They, in turn, empty into the inferior petrosal sinuses, then into the internal jugular veins and the sigmoid sinuses via the superior petrosal sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • Inferior petrosal sinus sampling is mandatory to confirm that the source of ACTH production is the pituitary gland. (stanford.edu)
  • MRI study showed a large adenoma invading the superior and inferior compartments of the cavernous sinus, and compressing the optic apparatus. (stanford.edu)
  • 6 Cranial and facial Bones  Inferior nasal concha: surrounded anteriorly by maxillary bone  Lacrimal bone: visible between maxilla anteriorly and ethmoid posteriorly  Palatine bone 1. (slideshare.net)
  • The maxillary sinus is a pyramidal cavity, the base of which lies lateral to the nasal cavity. (medscape.com)
  • The sinus mucosa has less secretory and vasomotor function than the nasal cavity. (medscape.com)
  • The nasal cavity also functions to facilitate drainage for the secretions from the adjacent paranasal sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • Air containing mucosal lined sinuses surround the nasal cavity, which includes the frontal, paired maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses. (nih.gov)
  • The secretions from these sinuses drain into the nasal cavity via the thin-walled ostia. (nih.gov)
  • Like the nasal cavity, the wall lining of the sinuses also secretes mucus. (nih.gov)
  • All of these paranasal sinuses, except the sphenoid, communicate with the nasal cavity via ducts that drain through ostia, which empty into spaces located on the lateral wall. (nih.gov)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a very rare, typically septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus, usually caused by nasal furuncles or bacterial sinusitis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • What bone separates the cranial cavity and the nasal cavity? (freezingblue.com)
  • The sphenoidal sinuses constitute the surgeon's guide to the hypophysis To reach them he traverses the upper portions of both nasal cavities, removing. (co.ma)
  • file skiagram the ethmoidal area is seen to extend from the frontal Che maxilla backwards across the orbits to the sphenoidal sinuses, with are contiguous. (co.ma)
  • When, on the other hand, the sphenoidal sinuses are small and do not extend backwards below the sella turcica, the latter may be difficult to identify. (co.ma)
  • enlarges, it frequently does so by projecting downwards towards the sphenoidal sinuses rather than upwards into the cranial cavity. (co.ma)
  • Imaging with both CT and MRI allows for enhanced characterization of both the bony changes and soft tissue extension into the orbit and cranial fossae. (reviewofophthalmology.com)
  • While the shape and extent of the cranial cavity is not particularly accurate, Leonardo has prominently indicated the frontal sinus, one of his discoveries from sectioning the skull in 1489 (919057). (rct.uk)
  • Widening and ballooning of the sellar cavity is noted with more right infra-sellar extension, encroaching on the sphenoid sinus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • What bone forms the anterior floor of the cranial cavity? (freezingblue.com)
  • This starts with wide surgical exposure to carefully explore all surfaces of the gland, including those in contact with the medial wall of the cavernous sinus, as microadenomas may cause mild bulging in the surface of the gland. (stanford.edu)
  • Dr. JFM has meticulously investigated the medial wall of the cavernous sinus introducing a classification of the parasellar ligaments and their role in anchoring the medial wall, and has developed an innovative technique for selective resection of the medial wall when invaded by tumor. (stanford.edu)
  • The superior petrosal sinus traveled medial to the sinus and did not communicate with it. (acbjournal.org)
  • The focal point of sinus drainage is the ostiomeatal complex, which comprises the maxillary, frontal, and anterior ethmoid ostia and is located in the middle meatus. (medscape.com)
  • The left olfactory bulb and tract are shown on the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a common cause of sudden loss of vision, especially in the elderly. (aetna.com)
  • Olfactory groove schwannomas are predominantly located in the anterior cranial fossa, often resulting in symptoms such as headaches, anosmia, visual disturbances, personality changes, and cognitive deficits. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • Location: Olfactory groove schwannomas are found in the anterior cranial fossa, where the olfactory bulb and tract are located. (neurosurgery.directory)
  • after removing it the sinuses are opened up by removing their anterior walls and the septum. (co.ma)
  • Magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed no intra-orbital pathologies or optic neuropathy but demonstrated a clearly delineated air-filled space of the left anterior clinoid process (ACP). (openaccesspub.org)
  • Maxillary sinus size may be asymmetrical within the same individual. (medscape.com)
  • While superior location of the maxillary sinus ostia can lead to drainage complications and maxillary sinus disease, a study by Butaric et al indicated that the position of these ostia relative to the floor of the maxillary sinuses is significantly influenced by the size and height of the maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • A correlation was found between a larger, taller maxillary sinus and superior placement of the ostia relative to the sinus floor. (medscape.com)
  • A literature review by Vitali et al indicated that in patients with maxillary sinusitis, as evaluated using computed tomography (CT) scanning, maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin has a pooled prevalence of 51% per maxillary sinus and 50% per patient. (medscape.com)
  • Maxillary sinus mucoceles or cysts are usually found incidentally on sinus radiography and are of little significance in the absence of symptomatology or infection. (medscape.com)
  • The dural sinuses are grouped into the sagittal, lateral (including the transverse, sigmoid, and petrosal sinuses), and cavernous sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • This would also explain the high incidence of meningiomas around the sagittal sinus, which has a high concentration of meningothelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • Other tumors that are not invasive can have a rapid onset and can arise from adjacent structures such as a sinus within the orbit directly or be metastatic from elsewhere. (medscape.com)
  • Other tumors include those of the lacrimal gland, tumors form the surrounding sinuses, metastatic tumors such as breast cancer in women, and neural-based tumors. (medscape.com)
  • He has developed new surgical techniques for pituitary tumors invading the cavernous sinus and extending into the brain space that allow for higher rates of complete tumor removal and long-term remission in functional tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • Pituitary tumors with cavernous sinus invasion represent a neurosurgical challenge. (stanford.edu)
  • Tumors extension to the suprasellar area and cavernous sinus were also analyzed to see their relationship with surgical outcomes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Tumors extension to cavernous sinus was a significant predictor of total resection rate (P = 0.002). (researchsquare.com)
  • It's my pleasure to be with you today and to discuss with you some advanced cases of tumors within the paranasal sinuses. (brainlab.com)
  • Cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis in Portugal: 1980-1998. (symptoma.com)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is usually a late complication of an infection of the central face or paranasal sinuses. (medscape.com)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) was initially described by Bright in 1831 as a complication of epidural and subdural infections. (medscape.com)
  • Because of its complex neurovascular anatomic relationship, cavernous sinus thrombosis is the most important of any intracranial septic thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis is generally a fulminant process with high rates of morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Fortunately, the incidence of cavernous sinus thrombosis has been decreased greatly with the advent of effective antimicrobial agents. (medscape.com)
  • The infection results from rapid spread of fungi from the paranasal sinuses to the adjacent orbits and central nervous system with hyphal invasion of blood vessels, vasculitis with thrombosis, haemorrhage, tissue infarction and acute neutrophilic infiltrates with a necrotising pathological reaction 5 . (actaitalica.it)
  • occur but are rarer than cavernous sinus thrombosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Initial symptoms of cavernous sinus thrombosis are progressively severe headache or facial pain, usually unilateral and localized to retro-orbital and frontal regions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cavernous sinus thrombosis is often misdiagnosed because it is rare. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Secondary intracranial hypertension with cerebrovenous sinus thrombosis. (aetna.com)
  • Selected pituitary adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion can now be completely removed at the Stanford Pituitary Center. (stanford.edu)
  • The cavernous sinuses are the most centrally located of the dural sinuses and lie on either side of the sella turcica. (medscape.com)
  • This revealed a 2.8 × 2.1 × 1.7 cm homogeneous pituitary mass involving the sella turcica with extension into the right cavernous sinus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses are irregularly shaped, trabeculated cavities located at the base of the skull. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, trigeminal ganglion interventions have also been used to palliate cancer pain involving cranial or base of the skull structures. (asra.com)
  • The cavernous sinuses are trabeculated sinuses located at the base of the skull that drain venous blood from facial veins. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The dural venous sinus of Kelch is a rare venous sinus of the skull base and one which has been infrequently reported. (acbjournal.org)
  • What sinuses can be seen in a midsagittal view of the skull? (freezingblue.com)
  • Inferiorly the sinus area is bounded and to some extent overlapped and obliterated by the dense shadow which corresponds from latero-medially to the tuberculum articulare and the horizontal portion of the great wing of the sphenoid, that is to say, to the floor of the middle fossa of the base of the skull. (co.ma)
  • Presentation Occlusion of the cerebral veins or dural venous sinuses may present as a stroke syndrome, subarachnoid haemorrhage or as isolated raised intracranial pressure. (symptoma.com)
  • Papilledema Papilledema is swelling of the optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Optic disk swelling resulting from causes that do not involve increased intracranial pressure (eg, malignant. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients may report recurrent sinusitis that has responded inadequately to multiple antibiotic regimens and has required one or more sinus operations before diagnosis. (merckmanuals.com)
  • He asked about the differential diagnosis I said cavernous sinus lesion, superior orbital fissure syndrome and orbital apex syndrome so he asked me if it is cavernous sinus problem what may cause it and I start to answer but the bell rang. (mrcophth.com)
  • Mair (2) lists the possible causes of headshaking to include ear mite infestation, otitis media/interna, traumatic cranial neuropathy and cervical injuries, guttural pouch mycosis, vasomotor rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, osteoma of the paranasal sinuses, stereotypic behaviour, partial asphyxia, optic trigeminal summation (phototic head shaking) and trigeminal or infra-orbital neuritis. (med-vetacupuncture.org)
  • Since the cavernous sinuses receive blood via this distribution, infections of the face including the nose, tonsils, and orbits can spread easily by this route. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] The arachnoid cells have several proposed functions, including acting as a structural barrier with cellular wrapping/ensheathing, acting as a conduit for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage/absorption into dural sinuses/veins (arachnoid villi), epithelial-like/secretory functions, monocytelike functions, trophic support and byproduct detoxification for glial and neuronal cells, and participation in reactive/reparative processes. (medscape.com)
  • Streeter was chiefly concerned, however, with the dural sinuses as illustrative of fundamentals of the vascular apparatus dependent on changing factors in its environment (1918), and dealt only incidentally with the veins (and arteries) of the brain and extracranial parts. (edu.au)
  • Schematic drawing of the bilateral venous sinuses of Kelch (asterisk) joining veins of the superior orbital fissure to the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
  • It effectively unites the veins of the superior orbital fissure to the transverse sinus. (acbjournal.org)
  • Sinus puncture and irrigation techniques allow for a surgical means of removal of thick, purulent sinus secretions. (medscape.com)
  • Use a surgical means of sinus drainage when appropriate medical therapy has failed to control the infection, resulting in prolonged or slowly resolving symptoms, or when the patient has complications of sinusitis. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. JFM has been studying the cavernous sinus for over 15 years and has developed a surgical anatomy-based classification of the cavernous sinus with demonstrated utility for preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative guidance in pituitary surgery. (stanford.edu)
  • Multivariate analysis showed that surgical approach, suprasellar and cavernous sinus extension did not significantly affect the extent of surgery. (researchsquare.com)
  • When concomitant sinus disease or an intranasal source is suspected, a speculum or endoscopic intranasal examination is warranted. (medscape.com)
  • This retrospective monocentric study included 17 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery evaluated by paranasal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. (actaitalica.it)
  • This single-centre retrospective study included 17 patients affected by IFRS who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) at the ENT Department in San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Turin, Italy between January 2016 and January 2020. (actaitalica.it)
  • Anatomic variations in size and patterns of ACPP are distinguished by cranial computed tomography (CT) imaging. (openaccesspub.org)
  • Safe and effective surgery in this area requires deep understanding of the cavernous sinus anatomy from an endonasal perspective. (stanford.edu)
  • Knowledge of the variant anatomy of the intradural venous sinuses is important to anatomists and clinicians alike. (acbjournal.org)
  • anaerobes are more common when the underlying condition is dental or sinus infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2014. Dr B.SCHIFRIN et al : Cranial Compression Ischemic Encephalopathy : Fetal neurological injury related to the mechanical forces of labor and delivery. (atide-asso.org)
  • Assess for pupil constriction during accommodation and for relative afferent pupillary defect to look for associated optic neuropathy. (eyewiki.org)