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Nasal MucosaRespiratory MucosaOlfactory BulbOlfactory MucosaAdenoidsMucous MembraneOlfactory Receptor NeuronsOlfactory PathwaysSmellOlfactory NerveOdorsMucociliary ClearanceReceptors, OdorantRespiratory SystemMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningVomeronasal OrganBacterial AdhesionOlfactory PerceptionOlfactory Marker ProteinAdministration, IntranasalHaemophilus influenzaeOrgan Culture TechniquesArthropod AntennaeOlfaction DisordersIntestinal MucosaGastric MucosaPheromonesSensory Receptor CellsMouth MucosaOlfactory Nerve InjuriesSex AttractantsSensillaSense OrgansMushroom BodiesNasal CavityAxonsManducaOlfactory Nerve DiseasesReceptors, PheromonePentanolsNeuronsNeuropilBenzaldehydesNoseZinc SulfateBehavior, AnimalKallmann SyndromeMonoterpenesStimulation, ChemicalIn Situ HybridizationChemoreceptor CellsSexual Behavior, AnimalOncorhynchus kisutchHexanolsImmunohistochemistryHabituation, PsychophysiologicNeurons, AfferentImprinting (Psychology)DendritesEsthesioneuroblastoma, OlfactoryDiscrimination (Psychology)Sensory ThresholdsDrosophilaLarvaNerve Tissue ProteinsCentral Nervous SystemCrowsGrasshoppersGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalBrainModels, NeurologicalAction PotentialsDEETColubridaeElectrophysiologyNeurogenesisMice, Inbred C57BLCarbonic AcidMothsBeta RhythmDrosophila melanogasterInterneuronsAnimals, NewbornTrigeminal NervePetromyzonCyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation ChannelsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedDiscrimination LearningDrosophila ProteinsNeurogliaNerve NetInsect RepellentsZebrafishRats, Long-EvansEpitheliumGTP-Binding Protein alpha SubunitsRats, Sprague-DawleyBeesMice, TransgenicSemaphorins
BulbReceptorsHuman olfactoryNervesNeuronsLower respiProject from the olfactoryDysfunctionReach the olfactoryNoseEpithelialOral mucosaPrimary olfactoryEpithelium locatedAnatomySensoryOdorsACE2Ultrafine particlesVertebratesCortexSmellPassagesFound in the respiratoryNasal cavitiesUpper respiratoryHumansTissuesImpairmentBronchiolesOrgans of the respiratoryAcute respiratSinusitisSyncytial VirusDigestive systemTrigeminal nerveGlandsDisordersBasalViralNervous systemEthmoid boneMucous membraneNeuroepitheliumExposureOccursPulmonaryInfectionsBrainStructuresInflammationEmbryonicBrainstemCardiovascularSymptomsBronchiole
Bulb19
Receptors13
  • It is a specialized pseudostratified neuroepithelium containing the primary olfactory receptors. (medscape.com)
  • To stimulate the olfactory receptors, airborne molecules must pass through the nasal cavity with relatively turbulent air currents and contact the receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Olfactory epithelium located in the nose contains millions of chemical receptors that detect odors. (vintagechicsresale.net)
  • These receptors are mainly found in the brainstem and are responsible for regulating cardiovascular and respiratory function. (debuglies.com)
  • Like both the Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 may also enter the brain directly through the olfactory tract without the need for ACE2 receptors [8]. (debuglies.com)
  • Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins ( RECEPTORS, ODORANT ) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. (lookformedical.com)
  • Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. (lookformedical.com)
  • and could penetrate through the olfactory mucosa and then the receptors and olfactory nerves as entry points ( 1 , 8 , 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • INTRODUCTION:Olfactory receptors are presents in every vertebrate which areinvolved in the process of olfaction. (maryelizabethbodycare.com)
  • In vertebrates the olfactory neurons are located in the epithelium ofthe olfactory receptors in the nasal cavity. (maryelizabethbodycare.com)
  • In addition we will test responses to disease-associated putative ligands identified in the PIs K23 grant period through study of murine SCCs and human bitter taste receptors in a heterologous expression system. (iu.edu)
  • The nose (1) provides an airway for res- piration, (2) moistens and warms entering air, (3) filters and cleans inspired air, (4) serves as a resonating chamber for speech, and (5) houses the olfactory (smell) receptors. (goldenclasses.com)
  • Smell is sensed by olfactory receptors high in the nose. (msdmanuals.com)
Human olfactory7
  • Exposure to ultrafine particles from traffic alters the expression of many genes in human olfactory mucosa cells, a new study shows. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The human olfactory mucosa is a tissue directly exposed to the environment and in direct contact with the brain. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study explored molecular-level changes occurring in human olfactory mucosa cells when exposed to different emissions derived from traffic. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Exposure to ultrafine particles altered human olfactory mucosa cell function, and different fuels and engines caused different adverse effects. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The findings back earlier studies suggesting that PAHs may disturb the inflammatory response and xenobiotic metabolism in human olfactory mucosa cells, and that ultrafine particles may mediate adverse effects to the brain via the olfactory pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We sought to define the neural substrates of human olfactory information processing and determine how these are modulated by affective properties of odors. (jneurosci.org)
  • Since olfactory mucosa is considered one of the most feasible routes of air pollutants entry into the brain [27] , we will further study the effects of air pollution exposure in human olfactory mucosa cells (hOM) obtained from 8 healthy subjects and 8 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (provided by a collaborative institution - Prof. Katja Kanninen, University of Eastern Finland). (cas.cz)
Nerves4
  • Inspired air is brought high into the nasal cavity to come in contact with the olfactory nerves, thereby providing the sense of smell, which is intimately associated with the taste sensation. (medscape.com)
  • Olfactory nerves are found on the superior portion of the septum, superior turbinates, and cribriform region. (medscape.com)
  • The olfactory nerves are omitted from consideration. (deepdyve.com)
  • We propose here that SARS-CoV-2 invasion via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves generates a local neuro-inflammatory process aggravated by systemic inflammatory responses and micro-circulatory ischemic process. (scientificarchives.com)
Neurons11
Lower respi9
  • The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 was extensively detected by IHC within turbinate epithelium, with decreased detection in lower respiratory tract epithelium and alveolar macrophages. (cdc.gov)
  • The predominant expression of ACE2 in the lower respiratory tract is believed to have determined the natural history of SARS as an infection of the lower respiratory tract 5 . (nature.com)
  • lower respiratory tract - consisting of the larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs. (edu.au)
  • upper and lower respiratory tract. (edu.au)
  • 1. The respiratory system can be divided into the upper respiratory system, which can also be referred to as the upper airway and the upper respiratory tract, and the lower respiratory system, which can also be referred to as the lower airway and the lower respiratory tract, as shown in the picture below. (tiesen.nl)
  • The conducting portion of the respiratory tract begins at the nose and nasal cavity and extends through the pharynx of the upper respiratory tract and the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles (airways of the lower respiratory tract). (tiesen.nl)
  • The Recovery Room: News beyond the pandemic - January 22, Lower respiratory tract infections: What to know, What to know about respiratory depression. (tiesen.nl)
  • d. lower respiratory tract: Term. (tiesen.nl)
  • A)the upper respiratory tract includes components of both functional portions B)the trachea is part of the lower respiratory tract but not of the bronchial tree C)stratified epithelia occur only in parts of the tract shared by another system The respiratory portion includes the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli. (tiesen.nl)
Project from the olfactory1
  • The cell builds of the ORNs aredispersed amongst all three of the stratified deposits of the olfactoryepithelium.Structure:Miniature hair-like cilia project from the olfactory receptor cell'sdendrite which ends into the mucus casing the exterior of the olfactoryepithelium. (maryelizabethbodycare.com)
Dysfunction5
  • Dysfunction of any of these systems can lead to symptoms of nasal dysfunction (eg, congestion, postnasal drainage, facial pressure, headaches, sinus infections). (medscape.com)
  • Respiratory disorders could in turn be aggravated by a dysfunction of the respiratory centers, located in the brainstem, a predominant target of SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated in a mouse model of infection ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It may result in various olfactory dysfunction including a complete loss of smell. (lookformedical.com)
  • Over time, respiratory dysfunction overtaxes the cardiovascular system, reduces sleep quality, and overloads other hormonal and organ systems. (simplifaster.com)
  • Brainstem structures also govern perception of internal sensations, and their dysfunction might account for "'happy hypoxia', a condition where acutely ill Covid-19 patients don't sense they're having respiratory compromise," he says. (flippingbook.com)
Reach the olfactory2
  • Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
  • Olfactory nerve fibers extend through the holes in the cribriform to reach the olfactory bulbs. (vintagechicsresale.net)
Nose12
  • The nose and the oral cavities are the main sites for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry into the body. (wjgnet.com)
  • Also a component of the respiratory system, it humidifies, filters, and warms the air inside the nose. (vintagechicsresale.net)
  • Blood supply to the nose comes from branches of the internal and external carotid artery systems. (medscape.com)
  • Information on the anatomy of the nose also can be found in the Medscape Reference articles Nasal Anatomy and Olfactory System Anatomy. (medscape.com)
  • The nose and its functions are a complex and wonderful system of interrelated miracles that neutralize toxins, contribute to pulmonary function, and guide the formation of the face and jaw through pressure modulation. (simplifaster.com)
  • The nose is uniquely equipped to deal with incoming air: it has a filtration system that keeps particulate matter out of the lungs. (simplifaster.com)
  • The Nose and Paranasal Sinuses The nose is the only externally visible part of the respiratory sys-tem. (goldenclasses.com)
  • upper respiratory tract - consisting of the nose, nasal cavity and the pharynx. (edu.au)
  • Zodiak Technologies is a technological boutique, result of the cooperation between multiple skills and experiences, born with the objective of revolutionizing respiratory drug delivery, by creating medical devices specifically tailored for Nose-to-Brain therapy. (zodiaktechnologies.com)
  • This transitions to pseudostratified ciliated columnar respiratory epithelium with abundant seromucinous glands within the nose. (medscape.com)
  • The sellar and dorsal regions of the nose are supplied by branches of the internal maxillary artery (namely, the infraorbital) and ophthalmic arteries (which are from the internal carotid system). (medscape.com)
  • The HCP who developed acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) (1 of acute cough, runny nose, body aches, or feverishness) were tested for influenza using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR). (cdc.gov)
Epithelial3
  • specialized type of epithelial tissue in nasal cavities that contains olfactory nerve cells and receptor nerve cells. (vintagechicsresale.net)
  • This type of epithelial lining also secretes mucus that coats the lining and helps with the mucociliary clearance of minute aerosolized particles that become trapped in the nasal mucosa. (nih.gov)
  • They are scattered in the epithelial linings of many organs, especially the SMALL INTESTINE and the RESPIRATORY TRACT. (bvsalud.org)
Oral mucosa3
  • Saliva helps keep the oral mucosa lubricated, and it provides antimicrobial protection. (lecturio.com)
  • When healthy, the lining of the mouth (oral mucosa) ranges in color from reddish pink to gradations of brown or black. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The oral mucosa tends to be darker in dark-skinned individuals because their melanocytes (cells that produce melanin, a pigment that gives hair, skin, and eyes their color) are more active. (msdmanuals.com)
Primary olfactory2
  • In primary olfactory (piriform) cortex, spatially and temporally dissociable responses were identified along a rostrocaudal axis. (jneurosci.org)
  • Second-order projections transmit via the lateral olfactory tract and terminate in adjacent structures collectively labeled "primary olfactory cortex. (jneurosci.org)
Epithelium located1
  • Olfaction requires orthonasal or retronasal airflow to transport odor-bearing particles up to the olfactory epithelium located at the apex of the nasal cavity. (nih.gov)
Anatomy2
Sensory7
  • That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory nerve endings for SMELL , located at the dome of each NASAL CAVITY . (lookformedical.com)
  • This study aims to investigate if newborn children of women infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy have olfactory sensory changes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The few studies that have evaluated this alteration in the paediatric range have shown that children have less olfactory sensory loss than adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • The authors propose to evaluate the action of SARS-CoV-2 at the intrauterine level regarding the foetus' olfactory sensory impairment. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aims to assess the olfactory sensory perception of newborns of women who previously tested positive for COVID-19 during pregnancy compared to newborns of women who did not test positive for COVID-19 during pregnancy. (bvsalud.org)
  • It also aims to develop and validate a behavioural evaluation scale of olfactory sensory-perceptual perception in newborns. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results of this study will clarify whether intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 can affect the foetal sensory system or not. (bvsalud.org)
Odors3
  • We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an olfactory version of a classical conditioning paradigm, whereby neutral faces were paired with pleasant, neutral, or unpleasant odors, under 50% reinforcement. (jneurosci.org)
  • Each olfactory receptor cell states only one type of olfactoryreceptor (OR), but many separate olfactory receptor cells express ORs whichbind the same set of odors. (maryelizabethbodycare.com)
  • 1976) conducted an experiment to examine what is going on in the rat's respiratory system when rats are exposed to mycoplasma and urine odors. (ratbehavior.org)
ACE23
  • We characterized the pathological findings in 72 mink from US farm s with SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks, localized SARS-CoV-2 and its host cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in mink respiratory tissues, and evaluated the utility of various test methods and specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection in necropsy tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor found in the respiratory airway, lung, vascular endothelia, kidney cells, and small intestine. (hedberginstitute.com)
  • One possible explanation would be the lesser expression of ACE2 in the nasal mucosa compared to adults with consequently less binding of SARS-CoV2. (bvsalud.org)
Ultrafine particles1
  • The study offers important insight into the adverse effects of ultrafine particles in a human-derived cell model of the olfactory mucosa, providing a basis for possible measures to mitigate and prevent toxicological hazards. (sciencedaily.com)
Vertebrates1
  • The data concerning the differentiation of embryonic olfactory and visual system of vertebrates are uncommon and those conducted as in Bufo bufo and X. laevis, do not provide data on the numbers of cells in apoptosis and mitosis (Mathis et al. (unina.it)
Cortex2
  • Piriform cortex is the major recipient of bulbar afferents, but additional targets comprise olfactory tubercle, anterior olfactory nucleus, periamygdaloid cortex, and entorhinal area. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neuroimaging studies have begun to identify important olfactory structures, but one notable feature is the inconsistent activation of piriform cortex ( Zald and Pardo, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
Smell7
Passages3
  • In parallel to the main nasal passages, the horse has a complex system of paranasal sinuses - air filled spaces within the head which communicate with the respiratory tract, and serve to reduce the weight of the head. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. (lookformedical.com)
  • Most of the ammonia-rats' lesions were at the front of their nasal passages, and the skin of their nasal and respiratory passages (olfactory and respiratory epithelium) was three or four times thicker than normal. (ratbehavior.org)
Found in the respiratory1
Nasal cavities1
Upper respiratory9
  • In formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) upper respiratory tract (URT) specimens, conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) was more sensitive than in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC) for detection of SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • As in the rest of the upper respiratory tract, nasal membranes are composed of ciliated pseudostratified glandular columnar epithelium. (medscape.com)
  • Here we report a detailed virological analysis of nine cases of COVID-19 that provides proof of active virus replication in tissues of the upper respiratory tract. (nature.com)
  • COVID-19 can present as a mild illness of the upper respiratory tract. (nature.com)
  • The confirmation of active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract has implications for the containment of COVID-19. (nature.com)
  • Although the positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract has previously been described 9 , 10 , these observations do not address the principal differences between SARS and COVID-19 in terms of clinical pathology. (nature.com)
  • Lung lesions occur irregularly, but are always associated with upper respiratory disease. (ratbehavior.org)
  • Therefore, under normal circumstances, M. pulmonis prefers to inhabit the upper respiratory tract and produces lung diseases as a secondary effect. (ratbehavior.org)
  • Therefore, chronic exposure to ammonia, perhaps through injury to the nasal mucosa, enhances the growth of M. pulmonis in the upper respiratory tract, producing more bacteria which subsequently invade the lung. (ratbehavior.org)
Humans3
  • Learn more in detail about the human respiratory system, its structure, parts and functions, respiration process, respiration in humans and other related topics at BYJU'S Biology. (tiesen.nl)
  • From the alveoli, the formation of respiratory surfaces occurs in humans. (tiesen.nl)
  • For this purpose, we used a mammalian infection model, the ferret, in which NiV causes fulminating systemic disease, with fever and neurologic and/or respiratory signs, similar to those in humans ( 15 ). (cdc.gov)
Tissues3
  • In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)
  • We will investigate the toxicity of real-world complete ambient air in human lung bronchi and olfactory mucosa (a proxy to brain effects) tissues from healthy and diseased donors (asthma, Alzheimer´s disease). (cas.cz)
  • Specifically, to investigate the impacts on the pulmonary system, we propose to use a 3D model of human upper airway epithelium (MucilAir TM , Epithelix Sàrl, Geneva, Switzerland) reconstituted from tissues of 8 healthy and 8 asthmatic individual donors. (cas.cz)
Impairment4
  • [ 3 ] A 2002 study showed that the prevalence of objective olfactory impairment in adults older than 53 years is 24.5% and grows more prevalent with age, reaching 62.5 % in those aged 80-97 years. (medscape.com)
  • Extrapolating from these values, there are currently 14 million older adults with some degree of olfactory impairment. (medscape.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the vagus nerve, thus persistent damage to this nerve could explain impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system in Long-COVID-19 patients. (hedberginstitute.com)
  • These effects include the impairment of respiratory and cardiovascular function. (cararegroup.org)
Bronchioles2
  • The respiratory zone, the actua site of gas exchange, is composed of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, all microscopic structures. (goldenclasses.com)
  • The respiratory portion comprises respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli. (tiesen.nl)
Organs of the respiratory2
Acute respirat1
  • The current pandemic viral infection with coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appears to have, as its initial target, the respiratory tract inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome, particularly in elderly subjects with certain risk factors including diabetes, immunosuppression, and chronic renal and respiratory failure. (frontiersin.org)
Sinusitis1
  • Because the nasal mucosa is simultaneously involved, and because sinusitis rarely occurs without concurrent rhinitis, rhinosinusitis is the preferred term for this condition. (medscape.com)
Syncytial Virus3
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA synthesis takes place in cytoplasmic viral factories also called inclusion bodies (IBs), which are membrane-less organelles concentrating the viral RNA polymerase complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory illness in young children, elderly and immunocompromised individuals worldwide representing a severe burden for health systems. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) infection is a leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections. (bvsalud.org)
Digestive system3
Trigeminal nerve2
Glands1
Disorders3
  • All of these patients were diagnosed COVID-19, some of them with associated mild to severe respiratory disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, the neurological damages could be due to or aggravated by cerebral hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis induced by respiratory disorders ( 10 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • If the severity of respiratory failure remains the major determinant of the COVID-19 patient outcome, neurological disorders are also associated with increased mortality and morbidity [ 4 ]. (scientificarchives.com)
Basal2
  • The cells will be grown at the air-liquid interface (ALI = cells are grown on a membrane with their basal surfaces in contact with media, and the top of the cellular layer is exposed to the air) in our exposure system in the field conditions of localities differing in air pollution levels. (cas.cz)
  • The model represents a fully differentiated and functional respiratory epithelium consisting of basal, goblet and ciliated cells [26] . (cas.cz)
Viral2
  • As with any severe viral infection, there is a risk of dissemination to the central nervous system with general neurological symptoms such as fatigue, headache, confusion, myalgia, and more specifically anosmia and agueusia ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We have a system of mucosa and sinuses that are the ramparts against both bacterial and viral infections. (simplifaster.com)
Nervous system15
  • The mechanisms of differentiation within the nervous system including proliferation and differentiation, migration cell growth and development of axonal and dendritic synaptic connections. (unina.it)
  • The retina is an easily accessible part of the central nervous system and therefore has become a classic model for studies of neural development and apoptosis (Cepko et al. (unina.it)
  • Heart rate variability parameters are controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system. (hedberginstitute.com)
  • The sympathetic nervous system promotes inflammation through catecholamines and beta-adrenergic stimulation in contrast to the parasympathetic nervous system which is anti-inflammatory. (hedberginstitute.com)
  • Like all six previous beta-coronaviruses, COVID-19 has the ability to enter the nervous system and causes neurological symptoms. (debuglies.com)
  • Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
  • Specialized organs adapted for the reception of stimuli by the NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
  • It also affects other organs in the organism, including the central nervous system, resulting in an increased risk of, e.g. (cas.cz)
  • Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
  • Nasal breathing is an incredibly versatile tool that can enhance conditioning outcomes, create focus and resilience in athletes, provide novelty to training, and even serve as an insight into the central nervous system. (simplifaster.com)
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes respiratory disease, but it can also affect other organs including the central nervous system. (irta.cat)
  • The resulting trove of data will be pooled, shared, and subjected to meta-analysis "to identify associations and connections, and answer some of the big questions about the long-term impact of Covid-19 on the brain and nervous system," she says. (flippingbook.com)
  • The parasympathetic nervous system regulates the contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. (tiesen.nl)
  • Poivet E, Daniel M, Bozza FA, Sharshar T, Lledo P-M. Neurological Manifestations Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Invasion of the Autonomous Nervous System. (scientificarchives.com)
  • They are the only exposed portions of the central nervous system (CNS) and therefore represent the most direct noninvasive method of entry into the brain. (zodiaktechnologies.com)
Ethmoid bone1
Mucous membrane2
Neuroepithelium1
  • The olfactory neuroepithelium is located at the upper area of each nasal chamber adjacent to the cribriform plate, superior nasal septum, and superior-lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
Exposure4
  • Exposure to emissions from both renewable and fossil diesel significantly altered the expression of genes associated with inflammatory response, xenobiotic metabolism, olfactory signalling and olfactory mucosa integrity. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Incidence of respiratory symptoms and chronic disease in a non-smoking population as a function of long-term cumulative exposure to ambient air pollutants (Adventist health study of smog follow-up study). (cdc.gov)
  • The impact of real-world ambient air pollution exposure on human lung and olfactory cells grown at the air-liquid interface. (cas.cz)
  • Impact of Airline Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Health and Lung Function Decades after Exposure Cessation. (iu.edu)
Occurs2
  • When this occurs, the mucociliary system helps get rid of these particles. (nih.gov)
  • The terminal portion of respiratory tract is where the exchange of gases occurs only. (tiesen.nl)
Pulmonary2
  • The respiratory "system" usually includes descriptions of not only the functional development of the lungs, but also related musculoskeletal (diaphragm) and vascular (pulmonary) development. (edu.au)
  • The human respiratory system functions are mentioned below: The respiratory system helps in breathing, known as pulmonary ventilation. (tiesen.nl)
Infections1
  • The CNR of Virus of Respiratory Infections continued its work of genomic surveillanceon and sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 variants. (pasteur.fr)
Brain7
  • The olfactory system has been found to mediate the effects of environmental pollutants on the brain, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of brain diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study has also received funding from the Kuopio Area Respiratory Foundation, the Finnish Brain Foundation, Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation, and Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • And when the virus contacts the nasal mucosa, it may reach the brain through the olfactory nerve. (hedberginstitute.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the olfactory neuronal pathway is efficient for translocating in the brain. (cdc.gov)
  • They also show that brain regions mediating emotional processing are differentially activated by odor valence, providing evidence for a close anatomical coupling between olfactory and emotional processes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Necropsies were performed at different time points, and the brain and olfactory mucosa were processed for histopathological analysis. (irta.cat)
  • At 2 dpi, SARS-CoV-2 immunolabeling was only found in the olfactory mucosa, but at 4 dpi intraneuronal virus immunolabeling had already reached most of the brain areas. (irta.cat)
Structures1
Inflammation1
  • COVID-19 causes an imbalance between these two systems, thus driving inflammation and a procoagulative state. (hedberginstitute.com)
Embryonic1
  • The respiratory system does not carry out its physiological function (of gas exchange) until after birth, though the respiratory tract, diaphragm and lungs do begin to form early in embryonic development and continue through fetal development, only functionally maturing just before birth. (edu.au)
Brainstem1
  • The brainstem controls arousal via the activating reticular ascending system (ARAS) and vital functions and immune responses integrity via autonomic centers. (scientificarchives.com)
Cardiovascular2
  • People infected with COVID-19 also may experience neurological symptoms [4] and these neurological manifestation may occur with or without cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms [5,6]. (debuglies.com)
  • This transport is accomplished by the cardiovascular system using blood as the transporting fluid. (goldenclasses.com)
Symptoms3
  • 1993. Long-term ambient concentrations of total suspended particulates, ozone, and sulfur dioxide and respiratory symptoms in a nonsmoking population. (cdc.gov)
  • Although pneumonia and acute respiratory failure are the most frequent and severe complications of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, many of them also develop neurological signs and symptoms. (scientificarchives.com)
  • These symptoms can be treated, but M. pulmonis can never be completely eradicated from a rat's respiratory system by medical treatment. (ratbehavior.org)
Bronchiole1