VaccinesVaccinationStreptococcusAdultsPolysaccharidePrevent pneumococcal diseaseDiseasesBloodstreamBacteremiaHigher risk of pneumococcalProtect against pneumococcalProtection against pneumococcalRespiratory2023PCV13HaemophilusVaccinationsIllnessesSevereIncidence of pneumococcal infectionsStrainsSymptoms of pneumococcal diseaseSerotypesComplicationsVaccine helps preventDosesSerious pneumococcal diseaseMeaslesShinglesBacterial infectionsPneumoniaeSepsisPrevnarPneumococcusBacteria that causeAged 65 years or olderProtects against 13ChronicPPSV23SusceptibilityOtitis mediaSusceptibleBrain and spinal cordDosePneumococciSinusitisInfantsRiskViral
Vaccines47
- Who Should Get Pneumococcal Vaccines? (cdc.gov)
- Children 2 through 18 years old with one of these conditions may need more pneumococcal vaccines. (cdc.gov)
- It depends on which pneumococcal vaccines they already received and when. (cdc.gov)
- Read the guidelines below specific to pneumococcal vaccines and ask the vaccine provider for more information. (cdc.gov)
- What Types of Pneumococcal Vaccines Are There? (cdc.gov)
- Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against serious illnesses like meningitis, bloodstream infections, and pneumonia. (cdc.gov)
- These vaccines prevent infections in children who get them, and help stop the infections from spreading to others. (kidshealth.org)
- The pneumococcal vaccines contain only a small piece of the germ and so cannot cause pneumococcal disease. (kidshealth.org)
- Pneumococcal Vaccine Pneumococcal vaccines help protect against bacterial infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci). (msdmanuals.com)
- Travelers 60 years and older should also get vaccines to protect against shingles and pneumococcal diseases, which cause infections in the lungs, blood, brain, and ears. (educationupdate.com)
- Bogoch explained vaccines can reduce the risk or severity of infection, especially for older Canadians who are at greater risk for severe influenza, COVID and RSV infection. (yahoo.com)
- What vaccines do I need if i'm 50 or older? (vch.ca)
- The VCH Travel Clinic recommends the following vaccines for clients who are 50 or older. (vch.ca)
- First let me tell you a little about pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are relatively new type of vaccine that has been shown to be highly effective at preventing disease and in stopping people from acquiring the bacteria in their noses and throats. (cdc.gov)
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are now used in infant vaccination programs in most countries around the world. (cdc.gov)
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are very specific for preventing certain strains. (cdc.gov)
- As the next generation of pneumococcal vaccines with broader serotype coverage becomes accessible in Hong Kong, international vaccination guidelines, including those from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), have been updated to encompass the latest immunization recommendations. (yahoo.com)
- Measles and chicken pox vaccines likely declined more than some of the other early-childhood vaccines because they generally are given after a child is one year old, Lakin said. (sltrib.com)
- GlobalData believes these latest developments will increase the already fierce competition between Pfizer and Merck as both companies attempt to reach the market first with their latest pneumococcal vaccines. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- GlobalData expects that although Merck's V114 may beat Pfizer's 20vPnC to market, and currently looks posed to be a strong future player in the lucrative infant population based on its inclusion of the 22F and 33F serotypes, that broader overall serotype coverage of 20vPnC combined with Pfizer's extensive experience and strong reputation in the pneumococcal vaccines space will result in stiff competition. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- World Pneumonia Day 2018: Pfizer's Future in the Pneumococcal Vaccines Space Looks Bright, November 2018, GDHC2111EI. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Getting pneumococcal vaccines as recommended reduces your chance of contracting and dying from pneumococcal disease. (nfid.org)
- Two types of pneumococcal vaccines (conjugate and polysaccharide) are available in the US. (nfid.org)
- Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has led to substantial reductions in the global burden of pediatric pneumococcal disease. (bvsalud.org)
- Vaccination with the flu, pneumococcal, pertussis measles, varicella and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines may help prevent infection, according to the CDC. (livescience.com)
- Which pneumococcal vaccines are recommended in Ireland? (hse.ie)
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the rates of nasopharyngeal colonisation by vaccine serotypes, thus decreasing the potential for transmission from vaccinated to unvaccinated persons. (hse.ie)
- Interestingly, before we had pneumococcal vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae , these bacteria caused about 60%-70% of all ear infections in children between 6 months and 5 years of age. (theconversation.com)
- Pneumococcal vaccines are particularly important. (theconversation.com)
- You can get pneumococcal, and shingles vaccines year-round. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
- Vaccines are one of the measures to prevent pneumococcal disease. (oicanadian.com)
- Remember, within the national health system The vaccines you receive are safe and highly effective, so you can be vaccinated with confidence to avoid serious consequences, hospitalization or death from pneumococcal bacteria," said Dr. Nancy Sandoval, a Guatemalan infectious disease expert. (oicanadian.com)
- Pneumococcal vaccines are part of the childhood immunization schedule , which means that it is recommended that every child get vaccinated against the disease. (healthywomen.org)
- Can vaccines prevent pneumococcal disease? (healthywomen.org)
- Two kinds of pneumococcal vaccines are available in the U.S. (healthywomen.org)
- Still, both vaccines are effective against most common pneumococcal bacteria. (healthywomen.org)
- Regarding immunizations and routine vaccines, Medicare Advantage offers many benefits to older plan participants. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- Medicare Advantage works for immunizations, including routine vaccines, boosters, and vaccines specifically provided for older adults. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- These vaccines are recommended for individuals of all ages, including older adults. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- Medicare Advantage plans recognize the importance of booster vaccines for older adults. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- Medicare Advantage plans offer coverage for additional vaccines that are specifically beneficial for older adults. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- Medicare Advantage plans also cover other seasonal vaccines, such as vaccines for pneumococcal disease and other respiratory infections. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- These vaccines help protect older adults from common infectious diseases prevalent during specific seasons. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- However, two types of vaccines are available to help prevent infection with the most common strains. (who.int)
- Currently available PCVs are safe and efficacious and the increased number of serotypes present in these vaccines, compared to the first licensed PCV7, represent significant progress in the fight against pneumococcal morbidity and mortality, in particular from a developing country perspective. (who.int)
- Like the other nursing mothers sitting on the waiting bench at the new centre, the 18-year-old has come to vaccinate her little girl, Cham-leng who is scheduled to receive the POLIO 1, Penta 1, Rota 1 and PCV10-1 vaccines. (who.int)
Vaccination30
- Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent pneumococcal meningitis and its devastating consequences. (total-health-care.com)
- Vaccination is particularly important for infants, as they are at a higher risk of developing pneumococcal meningitis. (total-health-care.com)
- By reducing the risk of pneumococcal bacteremia, vaccination can significantly lower the chances of developing sepsis and its life-threatening consequences. (total-health-care.com)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides recommendations regarding pneumococcal vaccination for different age groups and high-risk individuals. (total-health-care.com)
- Everyone 6 months and older is recommended to receive 1 dose of the updated COVID-19 vaccine regardless of when you got your last vaccination. (lacounty.gov)
- Despite the established effectiveness of vaccination as a preventative measure against pneumococcal disease, the city's current vaccination rate is unsatisfactory. (yahoo.com)
- Although the majority of people know that vaccination is an effective way to prevent pneumococcal infection, about half of the respondents have not been vaccinated. (yahoo.com)
- On the hand, about half of the people do not know where to get the pneumococcal vaccination, and they are unaware that individuals aged 65 or above are eligible to receive subsided or even free government vaccination services. (yahoo.com)
- This change is being proposed because only 5% of pneumococcal infections in this population are caused by Prevnar 13 serotypes due to the herd immunity resulting from pediatric vaccination. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Talk to your healthcare professional about pneumococcal vaccination. (nfid.org)
- RESULTS: We found participant age to be associated with serotype-specific and functional antibody titers after pneumococcal vaccination, with a mean 6.2% (95% confidence interval, 2.9%-9.5%) reduction in postvaccination functional antibody titers per year. (ox.ac.uk)
- CMV status was not associated with serotype-specific immunoglobulin G concentrations or functional antibody titers after pneumococcal vaccination. (ox.ac.uk)
- In 2022, a vaccination programme against pneumococcal infections for risk groups started. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
- Starting in 2022, persons with certain underlying diseases will be offered vaccination against invasive pneumococcal infections within a national vaccination programme. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
- By getting a vaccination, Dr. Newman emphasizes, you trick your body into thinking that it has been infected by a particular microbe and improving its defenses against subsequent infection. (northoaks.org)
- Following recommended childhood vaccination schedules is a big part of preventing ear infections, or at least decreasing their frequency. (theconversation.com)
- Fedson DS Clinical practice and public policy for influenza and pneumococcal vaccination of the elderly. (jamanetwork.com)
- Not Available, US Department of Health and Human Services.Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination levels among adults aged greater than or equal to 65 years-United States. (jamanetwork.com)
- However, older age is not an eligibility factor for pneumococcal vaccination in France. (ehesp.fr)
- Adults with certain co-morbidities or immunocompromised states are eligible for vaccination, which leaves adults aged ≥65 years without comorbidities at-risk for pneumococcal infections. (ehesp.fr)
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the acceptability to healthcare professionals (HCPs) of extending pneumococcal vaccination to all individuals ≥65 years. (ehesp.fr)
- Based on themes identified in semi-structured interviews with 24 HCPs, a representative sample of 500 general practitioners and pharmacists were surveyed about their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs with respect to pneumococcal vaccination for individuals ≥65 years. (ehesp.fr)
- Current recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination are poorly understood by participants (mean score: 5.8/10). (ehesp.fr)
- The strategy could be facilitated by associating pneumococcal vaccination with the influenza vaccination campaign (8.3/10). (ehesp.fr)
- Pharmacists were favourable to participating in pneumococcal vaccination (8.5/10). (ehesp.fr)
- In conclusion, extension of pneumococcal vaccination to all people aged ≥65 years would be welcomed by HCPs, simplifying identification of patients to be vaccinated and potentially improving vaccination coverage. (ehesp.fr)
- Guatemala has a pneumococcal vaccination program that benefits people over 2 years of age who are at risk for severe pneumonia, including individuals with illnesses that alter their immune systems and/or develop any chronic disease. (oicanadian.com)
- Previously, the pneumococcal vaccination schedule was only available to girls and boys under 2 years old, with 3 doses given at 2 months, 4 months and 12 months respectively. (oicanadian.com)
- and pneumococcal vaccination: from 25.8% in 2005 to 77.0% in 2015). (deepdyve.com)
- Young Sylvania Randriambelo breastfeeds her 2-month-old baby, as she pays rapt attention to what the senior nurse is telling her at the newly refurbished "Centre Ami de la Vaccination" of the University Teaching Hospital ( Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , CHU) Tanambao-Diego, in the Diana Region of Madagascar. (who.int)
Streptococcus18
- Pneumococcal infections are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a lancet-shaped, gram-positive, catalase-negative facultative anaerobe commonly referred to as pneumococcus. (medscape.com)
- R fluoroquinolone administration is a risk factor for resistant esistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to multiple strain selection, as observed for infections caused by S. antibacterial agents, including -lactams, macrolides, pneumoniae (9-12) and VGS (13). (cdc.gov)
- Pneumococcal infection is an infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. (wikipedia.org)
- Pneumococcal meningitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria (also called pneumococcus, or S pneumoniae ). (medlineplus.gov)
- Pneumococcal disease is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, also known as pneumococcus. (total-health-care.com)
- Children with certain health conditions, like sickle cell anemia or immune system disorders, are more prone to Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. (cdc.gov)
- KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the European Medicines Agency's Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) has recommended the approval of VAXNEUVANCE™ (Pneumococcal 15-valent Conjugate Vaccine) for active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease and pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in individuals 18 years of age and older. (merck.com)
- The global prevalence of pneumococcal disease, an infection caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae , is evolving. (merck.com)
- Pneumococcal Infections Pneumococcal infections are caused by the gram-positive, sphere-shaped (coccal) bacteria (see figure How Bacteria Shape Up) Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci). (merckmanuals.com)
- streptococcus pneumoniae causes 5% of all cases of septic arthritis and is more often responsible for polyarticular infections than other organisms. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- In this paper we report a 48-year-old man with septic arthritis of the wrist and ankle due to streptococcus pneumoniae . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae of which there are more than 90 serotypes. (hse.ie)
- Over the years streptococcus pneumoniae has become resistant to many medications making the treatment of pneumococcal infections much more difficult. (hse.ie)
- The three most common bacteria that cause middle ear infections are Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis . (theconversation.com)
- Pneumococci (Streptococcus pneumoniae) are bacteria that can cause infections (some serious) in many parts of the body, resulting in many cases of pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia, otitis media, and sinusitis. (oicanadian.com)
- The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause a type of pneumonia called pneumococcal pneumonia. (nih.gov)
- Pneumococcal infections are caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae and can lead to various illnesses, such as pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections. (qwarkhealth.com)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an asymptomatic colonizer of the nasopharynx in most individuals but can progress to a pulmonary and systemic pathogen upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection. (lu.se)
Adults68
- Resistance was associated low, is a concern to clinicians who manage respiratory with older patients (3.9% in adults and 7.2% in patients 65 tract infections. (cdc.gov)
- Pneumococcal disease is common in young children, but older adults are at greatest risk of serious illness and death. (cdc.gov)
- Vaccine providers also give this vaccine to adults 65 years or older and other adults who need it. (cdc.gov)
- The vaccine helps protect against 20 types of pneumococcal bacteria that commonly cause serious infections in adults. (cdc.gov)
- An annual flu vaccine is recommended for everyone but is especially important for adults with certain chronic health conditions, pregnant people, and those who are 65 years and older. (cdc.gov)
- In addition, adults 65 years and older may discuss and decide, with their clinician, to receive a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). (cdc.gov)
- For adults aged 27 years and older, talk with your doctor about HPV vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- The PCV13 (brand name Prevnar 13) vaccine is used for infants and children up to 5 years old, adults 65 years or older, and adults under 65 with weakened immune systems. (chicagotribune.com)
- A different vaccine, PPSV23 (brand name Pneumovax), protects against 23 types of the bacteria and is intended for all adults 65 years or older and children two years or older at higher risk of pneumococcal bacterial infection. (chicagotribune.com)
- Older adults who had chicken pox in their youth may lose their hearing if the virus reactivates as shingles or as Ramsay Hunt syndrome. (chicagotribune.com)
- For studies on older adults, see JAMA 1994 Dec 7, N Engl J Med 1994. (faqs.org)
- Children younger than 2 years old, adults over 65, and people with some medical conditions are at high risk for serious pneumococcal infections. (kidshealth.org)
- It is particularly dangerous for young children, older adults, and individuals with underlying health conditions. (total-health-care.com)
- This report summarizes surveillance findings from NYCDOH's data for 1995, which indicate that the highest case rates were among children aged less than 4 years and that, among adults aged 20-44 years with PNSP infections, 71.4% also were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)
- In older adults, dancing and tai chi, which can be enjoyable forms of exercise, may have additional benefits, such as enhancing balance and thus helping to prevent falls. (msdmanuals.com)
- Alcohol is metabolized differently in older adults. (msdmanuals.com)
- Older adults who drink alcohol need to be aware that more than one drink per day may increase their risk of injuries and other health problems. (msdmanuals.com)
- Understanding what medications may do is particularly important for older adults because they are more susceptible to the side effects of medications. (msdmanuals.com)
- Knowing the brand and generic name of all medications taken, each medication's purpose, the length of time each medication is to be taken, and the activities, foods, drinks, and other medications to be avoided while taking a medication can help older adults avoid problems. (msdmanuals.com)
- Older adults should bring all of their medications, both prescription and nonprescription, to their doctor appointments so that these medications can be reviewed with their doctor. (msdmanuals.com)
- For the first time, older adults will also have access to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine . (yahoo.com)
- In the meantime, one dose of Pneu-P-23 vaccine is recommended for adults who are 65 years of age and older to protect them against a severe pneumococcal infection. (yahoo.com)
- The newest shot to be made available this season is an RSV vaccine, which has been authorized for use in Canada for the prevention of lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in adults 60 years of age and older. (yahoo.com)
- The drop in rates was especially large in young children but rates also dropped among older adults because the children were no longer spreading the bacterial serotypes targeted by the conjugate vaccine. (cdc.gov)
- Moreover, those who aren't vaccinated and were, at a young age, protected from the disease indirectly through community immunity remain at risk for infection as adults. (pnmag.com)
- This objective tracks the incidence of pneumococcal infections among adults aged 65 years and older using ABCs. (cdc.gov)
- While healthy adults can suffer from pneumococcal disease, patient populations particularly vulnerable to infection include older adults such as those 65 years of age and older, people with HIV, and those with certain chronic health conditions. (merck.com)
- VAXNEUVANCE is indicated in the U.S. for active immunization of adults 18 years of age and older for the prevention of invasive disease caused by the S. pneumoniae serotypes contained in the vaccine. (merck.com)
- Mr. Chow Chun-man, Vice President of Hong Kong Respiratory Nursing College, concurred, noting that older adults are particularly susceptible to severe complications from pneumococcal disease. (yahoo.com)
- However, Pfizer also has a late-stage, 20-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, 20vPnC, which has also received FDA breakthrough therapy designation in adults. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- At the end of February 2019, the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) plans to meet and has suggested that it may vote on changes following a re-evaluation of the recommendation for Prevnar 13 for all adults ages 65 years or older. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Older adults had elevated Th1 and lower Th17 frequencies and failed to generate Th17 memory. (bham.ac.uk)
- In conclusion, failure of pneumococcal carriage to generate immune memory, together with altered neutrophil responses to \(S.\) \(pneumoniae\) and high frequencies of inflammatory Th subsets in older adults who succumb to infection, could contribute to their increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. (bham.ac.uk)
- It's important to prevent pneumococcal disease in adults. (nfid.org)
- In the US, pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and bloodstream infections (sepsis) kill tens of thousands each year, including thousands of adults age 65 years and older. (nfid.org)
- An estimated 150,000 US adults are hospitalized with pneumococcal pneumonia each year. (nfid.org)
- The death rate is higher among adults age 65 years and older. (nfid.org)
- Chronic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been proposed as a contributor to poorer responses in older adults. (ox.ac.uk)
- The condition is the most common form of dementia in older adults, according to the CDC. (livescience.com)
- This vaccine is recommended for those aged 65 years and older and "at-risk" adults and children over 2 years of age. (hse.ie)
- The flu vaccine is recommended for all adults aged 65 and older. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
- The shingles vaccine is approved for adults age 50 and older. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
- The CDC recommends two doses of Shingrix separated by two to six months for immunocompetent adults age 50 and older. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
- In adults 50 and older who have healthy immune systems, Shingrix is more than 90 percent effective at preventing shingles, and immunity stays strong for at least seven years, per the CDC. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
- Older adults should get their flu shots in September or October, ideally by the end of October, according to the CDC. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
- These pneumococcal infections are a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization, and death worldwide, with the highest incidence and severity in two age groups: children under 2 years of age and adults over 65 years of age. (oicanadian.com)
- Older adults are at greater risk for pneumococcal disease. (oicanadian.com)
- younger adolescents and older adults at increased risk should also be screened. (aafp.org)
- In adults this bacteria can cause life-threatening illness such as meningitis, pneumonia, pericarditis (infection around the heart) and septic arthritis (bone and joint infections). (fliphtml5.com)
- And older adults are more likely to die from an infection due to preexisting conditions. (healthywomen.org)
- Around one in six elderly adults die from pneumococcal meningitis every year. (healthywomen.org)
- Researchers plan to see if a higher dose of a pneumococcal vaccine will create a stronger immune response in older adults who received an earlier generation vaccine against pneumonia and other pneumococcal diseases. (nih.gov)
- The study supported by the National Institutes of Health will compare two dosages of a pneumococcal vaccine approved for children ages 6 weeks to 5 years, and adults 50 and older. (nih.gov)
- In 2009, pneumonia ranked eighth among the 15 leading causes of death in the United States, with adults 55 and older accounting for the majority (92 percent) of all pneumonia-related deaths that year. (nih.gov)
- Children younger than 5 and adults older than 65 are most susceptible to becoming ill from pneumococcal pneumonia. (nih.gov)
- For the past 30 years, the PPSV23 vaccine (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine), known by the brand name Pneumovax 23, has been the standard protection from invasive pneumococcal disease in adults over 65 years of age. (nih.gov)
- The newer PCV13 vaccine (13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine), known by the brand name Prevnar 13, protects against bacterial pneumonia and other invasive pneumococcal illnesses in children, but the efficacy and most effective dosage in adults is unknown. (nih.gov)
- Earlier studies suggest that PCV13 may not induce as strong an immune response in older adults who previously received the PPSV23 vaccine within the past 5 years as in those who have not. (nih.gov)
- It is recommended for infants, children, and adults who are at increased risk of pneumococcal infections, such as those with weakened immune systems, chronic medical conditions, or who are older adults. (qwarkhealth.com)
- For adults and older children who have not received the vaccine previously, a single dose may be recommended. (qwarkhealth.com)
- Correspondingly, 17% of the overall implemented in 1995 offering all Israeli residents a European population in 2014 was comprised of adults standardized basket of medical services through four 65 years or older with growth expected in the future [3]. (deepdyve.com)
- Medicare Advantage plans are vital in providing comprehensive healthcare coverage to older adults. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- Older adults may require booster doses of the pneumococcal vaccine to maintain optimal protection. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- The shingles vaccine is highly recommended for older adults. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for older adults who have not been previously vaccinated or have certain risk factors. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- Medicare Advantage plans may cover the HPV vaccine for older adults who have not previously received it. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- By taking advantage of the immunization benefits provided by Medicare Advantage plans, older adults can prioritize preventive care and manage their health better. (seniorhealthcareadv.com)
- In addition, PCV13 is licensed for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in adults >50 years of age. (who.int)
Polysaccharide4
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23): If they are 65 years and older or 19-64 years old and have certain health conditions or smoke cigarettes. (cdc.gov)
- The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) protect against pneumococcal infections. (kidshealth.org)
- However, Pneumovax 23 is an older polysaccharide vaccine and is not indicated for use in children under 24 months old. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23): this contains containing 23 serotypes of the pneumococcus, which account for 88% of pneumococcal bacteremia disease and cross-react with other types that causes additional 8% of disease. (who.int)
Prevent pneumococcal disease1
- 65 years since 2003 to prevent pneumococcal disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Diseases10
- The pneumococcal vaccine is a vital preventive measure that can protect individuals from these potentially life-threatening diseases. (total-health-care.com)
- The pneumococcal vaccine plays a critical role in protecting individuals, particularly those who are more susceptible to pneumococcal diseases. (total-health-care.com)
- Pneumococcal infection is a leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis and other Invasive (blood borne) diseases. (ihs.gov)
- The vaccine can help prevent serious pneumococcal diseases, such as meningitis and blood infections. (cdc.gov)
- The main diseases pneumococcus causes are mild infections, like ear and sinus infections, but pneumococcus can also cause severe illnesses like pneumonia and meningitis. (cdc.gov)
- But health officials say that lower vaccine coverage could help to usher in new outbreaks of old diseases in coming years. (sltrib.com)
- The vaccinations that are offered to all children protect against eleven diseases: rotavirus infection, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, measles, mumps, rubella, serious diseases caused by pneumococcus and human papillomavirus (HPV). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
- As people age, their immune system weakens, making them more susceptible to diseases and infections. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
- Unlike pneumococcal diseases, the flu cannot be treated by antibiotics. (healthywomen.org)
- This vaccine helps to prevent diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis caused by various strains of the pneumococcal bacteria. (qwarkhealth.com)
Bloodstream7
- Pneumococcal pneumonia represents 15%-50% of all episodes of community-acquired pneumonia, 30-50% of all cases of acute otitis media, and a significant proportion of bloodstream infections and bacterial meningitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Reduction of Bloodstream Infections: Pneumococcal bacteremia, an infection of the bloodstream, can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition. (total-health-care.com)
- Pneumococcal bacteremia occurs when the pneumococcus bacterium enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body. (total-health-care.com)
- The pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent bloodstream infections by strengthening the immune system's ability to recognize and fight off the pneumococcus bacterium. (total-health-care.com)
- By receiving the pneumococcal vaccine, these individuals can protect themselves from the potential complications of bloodstream infections and improve their overall health outcomes. (total-health-care.com)
- Pneumococcal bloodstream infections can be deadly. (nfid.org)
- While this vaccine protects against pneumococcal meningitis and bloodstream infections, it is unclear how well it protects against bacterial pneumococcal pneumonia. (nih.gov)
Bacteremia6
- By getting vaccinated, individuals can lower their chances of developing pneumococcal bacteremia and the associated complications. (total-health-care.com)
- Individuals at higher risk of developing pneumococcal bacteremia include those with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes or chronic liver disease. (total-health-care.com)
- Persons 65 years of age and older who have bacteremia (bacteria in the blood) with a pneumococcal infection have a much higher risk of death. (ihs.gov)
- Pneumococcal infection can cause serious problems such as pneumonia, meningitis (infection that causes inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord), bacteremia (severe blood infection), and possible death. (fliphtml5.com)
- Meningococcal infection can cause life- threatening illnesses such as meningitis and bacteremia. (fliphtml5.com)
- In 2019, pneumococcal meningitis and bacteremia - bacteria in the blood - caused approximately 3,250 deaths in the United States. (healthywomen.org)
Higher risk of pneumococcal1
- citation needed] People with a compromised immune system, such as those living with HIV, are also at higher risk of pneumococcal disease. (wikipedia.org)
Protect against pneumococcal1
- Prevnar 13, also known as pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine, is a vaccine that is specifically developed to protect against pneumococcal bacterial infections. (qwarkhealth.com)
Protection against pneumococcal3
- The pneumococcal vaccine can provide them with an added layer of protection against pneumococcal infections and potentially life-threatening complications. (total-health-care.com)
- Strains of the pneumococcal bacteria (germs) are beginning to show increasing resistance to antibiotics emphasizing the importance of vaccine protection against pneumococcal disease. (ihs.gov)
- It's important to receive the full recommended series of Prevnar 13 for optimal protection against pneumococcal bacterial infections. (qwarkhealth.com)
Respiratory14
- 1). Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains isolated from patients bination with viridans streptococci (4 strains) at the topoi- with community-acquired respiratory tract infections have somerase II genes. (cdc.gov)
- Pallarés, Josefina Liñares (Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, being more widely used to treat respiratory tract infections. (cdc.gov)
- It has pneumococcal surface proteins that inhibit complement-mediated opsonization, and it secretes IgA1 protease that will destroy secretory IgA produced by the body and mediates its attachment to respiratory mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
- Damage to the lining of the airways (respiratory epithelium) and upper respiratory system caused by influenza may facilitate pneumococcal entry and infection. (wikipedia.org)
- 20 Note that influenza vaccine protects against influenza only, and not agains= t other respiratory infections. (faqs.org)
- How should primary care physicians be preparing to handle what everyone is predicting will be a major surge in cases of respiratory infections ? (medscape.com)
- Pneumonia is a respiratory infection that can lead to severe complications, such as respiratory failure and even death. (total-health-care.com)
- For people aged 60 and older, one dose protects against the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (lacounty.gov)
- Because these are associated with viral upper respiratory infections, we typically see most ear infections in the fall and winter, when influenza and cold viruses are prevalent. (theconversation.com)
- However, with near-universal mask-wearing due to COVID-19 last winter and many children out of school, the number of viral upper respiratory infections dropped drastically . (theconversation.com)
- This summer , with the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, we have seen a return of many respiratory viruses , and with them, middle ear infections. (theconversation.com)
- Children who are exposed to more viral upper respiratory infections are at increased risk for ear infections. (medicalxpress.com)
- Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children in Latin America. (oicanadian.com)
- Influenza, known as the flu, is a specific viral infection of the respiratory tract , and it's one of the common causes of pneumonia. (healthywomen.org)
20232
- As of October 2023, the number of COVID-19 related hospitalizations and admissions to ICU remain highest among the oldest age groups, according to the COVID-19 epidemiology update website . (yahoo.com)
- HONG KONG SAR - Media OutReach - 10 September 2023 - Recent findings from a comprehensive survey conducted in Hong Kong have revealed an alarming lack of awareness about the pneumococcal vaccine, leaving more than half of the city's middle-aged and elderly population unprotected against this potentially deadly infection. (yahoo.com)
PCV132
- PCV13 protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria, which cause the most common pneumococcal (new-muh-KOK-uhl) infections in kids. (kidshealth.org)
- Some kids older than age 2 also might need a shot of PCV13 if they have missed one or more shots, especially if they have a chronic health condition or a condition that weakens the immune system. (kidshealth.org)
Haemophilus2
- The Hib vaccine helps prevent Haemophilus influenza type B, which can lead to meningitis, pneumonia and a severe throat infection. (tenethealth.com)
- Haemophilus influenzae now causes the majority of ear infections. (theconversation.com)
Vaccinations4
- For example, those who are too old to have been vaccinated against pneumococcal infections have shown a two-thirds reduction in reports of the disease, which has been directly credited to vaccinations in the rest of the population. (pnmag.com)
- Therefore, Prevnar 13 currently dominates the large market for the primary pediatric series of pneumococcal vaccinations included in the US routine immunisation schedule. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- A comprehensive laboratory evaluation, including HIV viral load and CD4 lymphocyte monitoring, is necessary to guide decision-making for treatment, opportunistic infection prophylaxis, and vaccinations. (aafp.org)
- Seven elderly-specific quality indicators from within the QICH framework were included: influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations, benzodiazepine overuse, long-acting benzodiazepine use, body weight documentation, weight loss and underweight. (deepdyve.com)
Illnesses2
- With pandemic prevention measures relaxing, we're seeing a resurgence of serious illnesses linked to pneumococcal infections back to pre-epidemic levels. (yahoo.com)
- Pneumococcal disease is an umbrella term for illnesses caused by bacteria called pneumococcus. (healthywomen.org)
Severe13
- You or your child has had an allergic reaction to an earlier pneumococcal shot or have any severe, life-threatening allergies. (cdc.gov)
- In particular, the absence of a functional spleen, through congenital asplenia, surgical removal of the spleen, or sickle-cell disease predisposes one to a more severe course of infection (overwhelming post-splenectomy infection) and prevention measures are indicated. (wikipedia.org)
- More than half of middle ear infections are the result of pneumococcus bacteria, while severe forms of the disease can cause permanent hearing loss. (chicagotribune.com)
- Tetanus is a severe infection that may cause painful muscle spasms and lockjaw. (drugs.com)
- Diphtheria is a severe bacterial infection that causes a thick covering in the back of your mouth and throat. (drugs.com)
- The pneumococcal vaccine is especially important for infants and young children, as they are more susceptible to severe forms of pneumonia. (total-health-care.com)
- Protection Against Meningitis: Pneumococcal meningitis is a severe infection that affects the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. (total-health-care.com)
- 1. General public's knowledge of pneumococcal infection is limited, leading to oversight of the severe consequences it can bring. (yahoo.com)
- A 47-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of severe low back pain . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Early diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumococcal infections is important because pneumococcal bacteria are spread from person to person through coughing, sneezing, and close contact. (oicanadian.com)
- Three bacteria for which you will be or have been vaccinated for that cause the most severe infections.1. (fliphtml5.com)
- 4. Contraindications: Prevnar 13 should not be given to individuals who have a severe allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine or had a life-threatening reaction to a previous dose of Prevnar 13 or any other pneumococcal vaccine. (qwarkhealth.com)
- Importantly, this model reproduces the susceptibility of aging, because compared to young mice, old mice display more severe clinical illness and succumb to disease more frequently. (lu.se)
Incidence of pneumococcal infections1
- In the Americas, the incidence of pneumococcal infections in 2019 was estimated at 358 cases per 100,000 children. (oicanadian.com)
Strains9
- The pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent pneumonia by providing immunity against the most common strains of pneumococcus. (total-health-care.com)
- At the present time there are 83 known pneumococcal bacteria strains. (ihs.gov)
- Most pneumococcal disease is due to a portion of these strains. (ihs.gov)
- The manuscript we are discussing here talks about how surveillance for pneumococcal infections in Israel found that the new vaccine program was preventing a lot of disease, but they also detected an increase in one of the strains that the vaccine doesn't cover-- serotype 12F. (cdc.gov)
- In addition, they did special DNA fingerprinting of the pneumococcal serotype 12F strains to see if the strains were related to each other genetically or to other serotype 12F strains around the globe. (cdc.gov)
- Concern about the rising prevalence of resistant pneumococcal strains is increasing, but the clinical relevance is uncertain. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- At least 90% of the strains that cause invasive disease are present in the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
- Prevnar 13 targets 13 strains of the pneumococcal bacteria, which are known to be the most common and virulent strains that cause these infections. (qwarkhealth.com)
- It's important to note that Prevnar 13 is not a substitute for routine immunizations, and it does not protect against all strains of pneumococcal bacteria. (qwarkhealth.com)
Symptoms of pneumococcal disease1
- What are the symptoms of pneumococcal disease? (hse.ie)
Serotypes6
- The authors did this by analyzing information from case reports over time and by doing tests on the particular pneumococci causing these infections to see what serotypes they were. (cdc.gov)
- Serotypes 22F and 33F are two of the most prevalent serotypes in infant infections, and they are not covered by Prevnar 13. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Older adult's neutrophils produced less ROS in response to serotypes 19A and 23F, but not 4, and increased NETs towards 23F. (bham.ac.uk)
- However, neutrophils of older pneumonia patients produced high levels of ROS to all three serotypes but had impaired NET release. (bham.ac.uk)
- However, CMV seropositivity was associated with higher levels of prevaccination functional antibody for 4 of 7 pneumococcal serotypes assessed. (ox.ac.uk)
- The decrease in this age group can largely be attributed to a 98% decline in Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to serotypes covered by PCV7 between 2008 and 2016. (hse.ie)
Complications4
- It works by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against the bacterium, reducing the risk of infection and its associated complications. (total-health-care.com)
- For example, catching chickenpox can make you immune for life, but it could also lead to serious complications like skin infections or pneumonia. (lacounty.gov)
- The old, the young and pregnant women are particularly at risk for complications from the flu, according to the CDC. (livescience.com)
- Seniors are at a higher risk of developing complications from the flu, including pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinus infections. (presbyterianseniorliving.org)
Vaccine helps prevent1
- The pneumococcal vaccine helps prevent serious disease, such as pneumonia, meningitis and blood infection," she notes. (northoaks.org)
Doses4
- Two doses of shingles vaccine for everyone 50 years of age and older. (cdc.gov)
- By ensuring that infants receive the recommended doses of the pneumococcal vaccine, parents can significantly reduce the risk of their child developing this life-threatening infection. (total-health-care.com)
- All health-care providers should temporarily suspend routine use of both the third and fourth doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended today. (cdc.gov)
- Two doses of Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) are recommended, with the first some time between 12 and 23 months old. (tenethealth.com)
Serious pneumococcal disease1
- Schaffner said that the vaccine program has virtually eliminated serious pneumococcal disease in young children. (healthywomen.org)
Measles3
- Ear infections affect approximately one out of every 10 children infected with measles or rubella (aka "German" measles) and can leave them with permanent hearing loss. (chicagotribune.com)
- The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is recommended for all children starting between 12 and 15 months, with a second dose at 4 to 6 years old. (chicagotribune.com)
- Measles, caused by a virus so dangerous that exposure to only one virion is all it takes for an infection to take hold, was reported to be eliminated in the U.S. in 2000. (pnmag.com)
Shingles2
Bacterial infections1
- Dr. Newman notes that patients should educate themselves about when antibiotics are needed to fight bacterial infections. (northoaks.org)
Pneumoniae4
- Clinical signs and symptoms and physical examination findings alone cannot distinguish S pneumoniae disease from infections caused by other pathogens. (medscape.com)
- These virulence factors contribute to some of the clinical manifestations during infection with S. pneumoniae. (wikipedia.org)
- The effect of age on neutrophil and monocyte responses to \(S.\) \(pneumoniae\) and on CD4+ T cell polarisation during health, pneumococcal carriage and clinical pneumonia infection were determined. (bham.ac.uk)
- By separating carriage and disease into distinct steps and providing the opportunity to analyze the genetic variants of both the pathogen and the host, this S. pneumoniae/IAV co-infection model permits the detailed examination of the interactions of an important pathobiont with the host at different phases of disease progression. (lu.se)
Sepsis1
- In sub-Saharan Africa mortality will be much higher, and in some areas estimates derived from the age structure of populations attending clinics suggest that half of those with sickle-cell anaemia have died by the age of five years usually from infections including malaria and pneumococcal sepsis, and from the anaemia itself. (who.int)
Prevnar6
- Prevnar -20 protects against pneumococcal disease. (vch.ca)
- Pneumonia, meningitis and blood infections) & replaces Prevnar -13 & Pneumovax -23. (vch.ca)
- Anyone who has had Prevnar - 13 and/or Pneumovax - 23 should receive Prevnar -20 a year or more after last pneumococcal vaccine. (vch.ca)
- The current leading pneumococcal vaccine is Pfizer 's Prevnar 13, which achieved global sales of $5.8 billion in 2018, and Merck will be looking to capture as much of this market share as possible. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- This, in addition to V114's breakthrough therapy designation for infants, means that Pfizer' Prevnar 13 could stand to lose its grip on the lucrative pneumococcal vaccine market in infants. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- There are several warnings associated with the use of Prevnar 13 (Pneumococcal 13-valent Conjugate Vaccine [Diphtheria CRM197 Protein]) that users should be aware of: 1. (qwarkhealth.com)
Pneumococcus3
- Early treatment of pneumonia and ear infections caused by pneumococcus may decrease the risk of meningitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Pneumococcal meningitis is a specific type of meningitis caused by the pneumococcus bacterium. (total-health-care.com)
- Pneumococcus vaccine (Pneumovax) is used to prevent infection caused by the pneumococcal bacteria. (fliphtml5.com)
Bacteria that cause2
- The pneumococcal bacteria are one kind of bacteria that cause meningitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- The bacteria that cause these infections spread through person-to-person contact. (kidshealth.org)
Aged 65 years or older2
- Get a pneumococcal vaccine if you are aged 65 years or older. (drugs.com)
- Methods: The study population included all elderly Israeli residents aged 65 years or older during 2002-2015 (N = 879,671 residents in 2015). (deepdyve.com)
Protects against 131
- The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine protects against 13 forms of pneumococcal bacterial infection. (chicagotribune.com)
Chronic5
- Candidates among children include si= milar groups to those for pneumococcal vaccine: sickle cell, chronic renal and metabolic disease, diabetes, chronic pulmona= ry disease, long-term aspirin therapy, and significant cardiac disease (Catalana). (faqs.org)
- Doctors also recommend PPSV23 immunizations for kids 2-18 years old with some kinds of chronic health conditions. (kidshealth.org)
- The effect of chronic cytomegalovirus infection on pneumococcal vaccine responses. (ox.ac.uk)
- Most patients with chronic conditions should get it because they may be at increased risk for these infections. (northoaks.org)
- The pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for everyone age 65 years and older, persons who have chronic disease, live where risk for disease is high, have weakened immune system or have had their spleen removed. (fliphtml5.com)
PPSV231
- Children younger than 2 years old should not get PPSV23. (cdc.gov)
Susceptibility3
- NBS is characterized by microcephaly with growth retardation, normal or impaired intelligence, birdlike facies, increased susceptibility to infection, humoral and cellular immunodeficiency, and high risk for lymphatic tumor development. (medscape.com)
- Susceptibility to infections caused by pneumococcal bacteria affects everyone universally. (oicanadian.com)
- Advanced age enhances host susceptibility to secondary pneumococcal pneumonia and is associated with worsened disease outcomes. (lu.se)
Otitis media4
- Of particular interest to parents is a study published in Arch Pediatr Adolesc= Medicine, Oct 1995, 149:1113, in which children at high risk for otitis media (ear infections) showed 32% fewer cases during t= he flu season when they received the flu vaccine. (faqs.org)
- It can also cause a wide variety of other infections including sinusitis, osteomyelitis, bronchitis and otitis media. (hse.ie)
- Ear pain is one of the most common reasons that young children go to the doctor, and acute otitis media - which means "middle ear infection" - is the most frequent cause for the use of antibiotics in children under 5 years of age. (theconversation.com)
- Acute otitis media is typically treated with antibiotics, which are generally recommended for ear infections in children younger than age 2. (theconversation.com)
Susceptible1
Brain and spinal cord3
- Meningitis is an infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. (medlineplus.gov)
- and meningitis (infection of the coverings of the brain and spinal cord), as well as non-invasive pneumonia (when pneumococcal disease is confined to the lungs). (merck.com)
- Pneumococcal disease can often be found by testing blood, urine, or the fluid around your brain and spinal cord ( cerebrospinal fluid ). (healthywomen.org)
Dose1
- All preteens 11-12 years old should be vaccinated with Menactra or Menveo, with a booster dose administered at 16. (chicagotribune.com)
Pneumococci4
- citation needed] The risk of pneumococcal infection is much increased in persons with impaired IgG synthesis, impaired phagocytosis, or defective clearance of pneumococci. (wikipedia.org)
- CONCLUSIONS: These data imply that CMV infection is not directly responsible for the decline in pneumococcal vaccine responses seen with age but suggest that CMV-seropositive individuals differ in their natural exposure to pneumococci or have altered mucosal immune responses after colonization with this organism. (ox.ac.uk)
- This paper describes a novel mouse model that recreates the transition of pneumococci from asymptomatic carriage to disease upon viral infection. (lu.se)
- In this model, mice are first intranasally inoculated with biofilm-grown pneumococci to establish asymptomatic carriage, followed by IAV infection of both the nasopharynx and lungs. (lu.se)
Sinusitis1
- Pneumococcal infections include ear infections, sinusitis, pneumonia. (msdmanuals.com)
Infants5
- Pneumococcal meningitis is an important cause of fever in infants. (medlineplus.gov)
- When you add up all these infections, pneumococcal disease is a leading cause of infections and deaths around the world, especially in infants and the elderly. (cdc.gov)
- On 30 January, Merck & Co's V114 (15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) received breakthrough therapy designation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in infants, children and adolescents. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
- Pneumococcal disease is currently the world's number one vaccine-preventable cause of death among infants and children younger than five years of age. (otago.ac.nz)
- Pneumococcal bacteria mostly affect infants, toddlers and the elderly. (healthywomen.org)
Risk13
- Certain conditions increase a child's risk for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)
- A meningitis vaccine is only recommended for children 2 months to 10 years old identified as having an increased risk of meningitis infection. (chicagotribune.com)
- Babies whose mothers become infected during pregnancy may be born with hearing loss, and children who contract it directly are at greater risk of ear infections that could result in hearing damage. (chicagotribune.com)
- By receiving the pneumococcal vaccine, these vulnerable populations can significantly reduce their risk of developing pneumonia. (total-health-care.com)
- In children, sickle-shaped red blood cells often become trapped in the spleen, leading to a serious risk of death before the age of seven years from a sudden profound anaemia associated with rapid splenic enlargement or because lack of splenic function permits an overwhelming infection. (who.int)
- Are You at Risk for Pneumococcal Disease? (nfid.org)
- Those older than 65 or younger than 5 are at high risk of catching the disease. (livescience.com)
- Risk factors include obesity, old age, a family history of diabetes and not exercising, according to the CDC. (livescience.com)
- Who is most at risk of pneumococcal disease? (hse.ie)
- Elderly people are at high risk for pneumococcal infections. (ehesp.fr)
- Retest people who are at increased risk of infection. (aafp.org)
- The spleen plays a role in fightinginfections in the body.What happens after a splenectomy?After splenectomy, there is a lifelong increase risk for life-threatening infections.Although the risk is very low (less than 1%), you can take the following steps to protectyour health: Get vaccinated. (fliphtml5.com)
- It is licensed for persons with certain risk factors who are 2 years and older. (who.int)
Viral5
- Pneumonia occurs if the organisms are inhaled into the lungs and not cleared (again, viral infection, or smoking-induced ciliary paralysis might be contributing factors). (wikipedia.org)
- A mumps viral infection can damage the cochlea (inner ear) and cause hearing loss or complete deafness in one or both ears. (chicagotribune.com)
- after bacterial or viral infections. (merckmanuals.com)
- Influenza (Flu) Influenza (flu) is a viral infection of the lungs and airways with one of the influenza viruses. (merckmanuals.com)
- When you have a bacterial, viral or fungal infection, mucus or pus can build up in the air sacs in the lungs. (healthywomen.org)