PalsyMacular degenerationTrochlearFibersAxonal degenerationAtaxiaNeuronal degenerationDemyelination of peripheralDysfunctionNucleusAssociated with cranial nerveInflammationNeuronsMusclesCause degenerationTrigeminalRetinaMotor neuronSpinal nervesOptic nervesThird craniCavernous sinusNucleiFindingsDiplopiaDamageBrainLesionsDisordersImpulsesPathologySuperior colliculusFibresAlterationsDiseasesCompressionSynapsesExercisesLumbarOlfactoryCochlearFacial nerveTissueMedialEyelid
Palsy11
- The spectrum of sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration associated with tau pathology includes progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and Pick's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- Both sections have detailed descriptions of the following neurodegenerative dementias - Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and Pick's disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, there are several non-AD tauopathies with focal cortical neuronal loss and gliosis that fit into the spectrum of sporadic frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau pathology (FTLD-tau), including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and Pick's disease (PiD). (biomedcentral.com)
- Damage to the oculomotor nerve , termed oculomotor nerve palsy is known by the down n' out symptoms. (wikidoc.org)
- Also called third nerve palsy. (allaboutvision.com)
- The varieties most commonly encountered by an ophthalmologist are 3rd cranial nerve palsy and Horner syndrome. (nih.gov)
- Pupil-involving third nerve palsy is considered a neurological as it is most often due to a posterior communicating artery aneurysm compressing the nerve. (nih.gov)
- Pupil-sparing third nerve palsy is most often due to an ischemic vascular cause and usually resolves spontaneously in 3 months. (nih.gov)
- Complete Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Complicated by Inflammation of the Cavernous Sinus in Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. (jkos.org)
- A Case of the Third, Fourth, and Sixth Nerve Palsy in a Patient with Cerebral Aspergillosis. (jkos.org)
- Childhood-onset of recurrent headaches with an oculomotor cranial nerve palsy. (nih.gov)
Macular degeneration2
- Macular degeneration and vitreous damage also causes light refraction retention inside eye causing blurred vision. (targetwoman.com)
- Long-term Visual Outcomes in Patients Receiving Continuous, Fixed-Interval Dosing of Anti-VEGF Agents for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. (retinaassociatesflorida.com)
Trochlear6
- Near the superior colliculi are the inferior colliculi, which are responsible for the processing of auditory information and are found just above the trochlear nerve. (databasefootball.com)
- The cerebral aqueduct contains the nuclei of two pairs of cranial nerves , the oculomotor nuclei and the trochlear nuclei. (databasefootball.com)
- Similarly, the tectum is also near the point of emergence for the trochlear nerve. (databasefootball.com)
- The extraocular muscles are innervated by the abducens nerve, the trochlear nerve, and the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerves III, IV, and V). [3] See the illustration of the extraocular muscles in Figure 8.2. (pressbooks.pub)
- For the 3rd (ocolomotor), 4th (trochlear), and 6th (abducens) cranial nerves, eyes are observed for symmetry of movement, globe position, asymmetry or droop of the eyelids (ptosis), and twitches or flutters of globes or lids. (msdmanuals.com)
- and TROCHLEAR NERVE are involved with DIPLOPIA and BLEPHAROPTOSIS . (nih.gov)
Fibers8
- Previous neuropathological observations in HMSN/ACC patients have included the presence of small oval vacuoles in the brain white matter, signs of axonal swelling and depletion of large myelinated fibers in nerves. (nature.com)
- 4 Pathological findings from muscle and nerve biopsies, reported by Larbrisseau et al 5 , revealed evidence of chronic denervation with angular fibers and type grouping, suggesting an axonal neuropathy and a major primary defect at the level of peripheral nerve in HMSN/ACC. (nature.com)
- Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. (lookformedical.com)
- Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body. (lookformedical.com)
- Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
- They also help control certain eye movements and interact with fibers of the optic nerve. (databasefootball.com)
- Since various bands of fibers (fibers of the fasciculus retroflexus, rootlets of the oculomotor nerve, and fibers of the superior cerebellar peduncle) pass through the red nucleus (3, 4) , it has been proposed that these myelinated fiber bundles constitute the lamellae (1) . (ajnr.org)
- Nerve conduction velocities are severely decreased (sometimes less than 10 m/s), and sural nerve biopsy shows severe loss of myelinated fibers (summary by Baets et al. (nih.gov)
Axonal degeneration4
- These visual dysfunctions fully correlated at the anatomical level, with sustained optic nerve demyelination, axonal degeneration, and alterations of the inner retinal layers. (bvsalud.org)
- This nonhuman primate model of chronic optic nerve demyelination associated with axonal degeneration and visual dysfunction, recapitulates several key features of MS lesions and should be instrumental in providing the missing link to translate emerging repair promyelinating/neuroprotective therapies to the clinic for myelin disorders, such as MS. (bvsalud.org)
- GBS with axonal degeneration may occur without demyelination or inflammation. (medscape.com)
- This interaction then causes the acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy or, particularly in cases involving C jejuni infection, an acute axonal degeneration. (medscape.com)
Ataxia2
Neuronal degeneration1
- While most disease-modifying therapies target the immune and inflammatory response, the promotion of remyelination has become a new therapeutic avenue to prevent neuronal degeneration and promote recovery. (bvsalud.org)
Demyelination of peripheral2
- Previously, a similar clinical syndrome has been reported as being caused by inflammatory demyelination of peripheral nerve fibres. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the demyelinating form, segmental demyelination of peripheral nerves is thought to be immune mediated and both humoral and cell-mediated immune mechanisms have been implicated. (medscape.com)
Dysfunction1
- Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. (lookformedical.com)
Nucleus3
- Polioencephalomacia damages the visual cortex, impairing the menace reflex, but leaves the optic nerve, oculomotor nucleus, and oculomotor nerve intact, leaving the pupillary light reflex unaffected. (wikipedia.org)
- in the superior part, the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve is situated. (co.ma)
- The oculomotor nerve runs the ventral width of the tegmentum, emerging out of the nucleus. (databasefootball.com)
Associated with cranial nerve1
- and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries. (lookformedical.com)
Inflammation3
- Other causes include inflammation, trauma or tumors along the course of the nerve. (nih.gov)
- Stem cell therapy can result in nerve tissue regeneration, increased blood flow, and reduced inflammation. (globalstemcellcare.com)
- This can cause altered nerve and blood flow because of the inflammation and pressure and result in a headache. (bagnellbraincenter.com)
Neurons4
- A major controversy centres over the use of manual counting of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons at the level of third cranial nerve as opposed to employing systematic stereological analysis of cell loss in the entire substantia nigra (SN). (herts.ac.uk)
- It stands to reason, therefore, that neurodegenerative disorders might also cause degeneration of neurons in the retina. (aao.org)
- To understand why only some motor neurons are vulnerable to ALS, the researchers used DNA microarray profiling to compare the activity of tens of thousands of genes in neurons that resist ALS (oculomotor neurons/eye movement and Onuf's nuclei/continence) with neurons affected by ALS (lumbar 5 spinal neurons/leg movement). (sciencedaily.com)
- Adrenaline Neurons and Pathways Ascending Tracts The Vagus (X) and Glossopharyngeal (IX) Nerves Easily read Our Sponsors Welcome to Med Studentz Medical Forums , a friendly and informative student community where you can join thousands of other medical students from all over the world discussing everything related to medical school admissions, studying for medical licensing exams, and the medical profession in general. (devaris.com)
Muscles4
- Trauma or compression of the upper brain stem and third cranial nerve, which is responsible for eye muscles and movement (oculomotor function). (allaboutvision.com)
- The weakness may progress over hours to days to involve the arms, truncal muscles, cranial nerves, and muscles of respiration. (medscape.com)
- Neurology is the medical science related to nervous system, which is made up of brain, spinal cord, nerves and muscles. (ansaclinic.com)
- With the assistance of oculomotor nerves, these muscles are regulated in turn. (globalstemcellcare.com)
Cause degeneration1
- Although a variety of gene mutations are linked to the disease, most cases involve Complex I mutations, which cause degeneration of the nerves in the back of the eye that transmit visual information to the brain. (nih.gov)
Trigeminal3
- On examination you note a red blistering rash along the left trigeminal nerve distribution, the rash is also visible on the tip of her nose. (kfpbank.com.au)
- Alcohol, ammonia, and other irritants, which test the nociceptive receptors of the 5th (trigeminal) cranial nerve, are used only when malingering is suspected. (msdmanuals.com)
- Regional Anatomy Applied Anatomy Research The Vestibular Nerve Contents Visual Pathway Research: Position Emission Tomography The Third Ventricle Neuroglia The Trigeminal (V) Nerve More than 450 illustrations enhance the text. (devaris.com)
Retina4
- Findings from oculomotor behavior, ophthalmic examination, electrophysiology, and retinal imaging indicate visual impairment involving the optic nerve and retina. (bvsalud.org)
- The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. (lookformedical.com)
- [7] [8] However, whether this loss of tissue represents primary neurodegeneration within the retina itself or instead secondary retrograde degeneration due to neuronal and axonal loss in the brain has not yet been determined. (aao.org)
- More recently, a subset of OCT, the OCT Angiography is a modality that images integrity of the vasculature in the retina and optic nerve mainly assessing the blood perfusion. (aao.org)
Motor neuron2
- Researchers have identified a gene, called matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), that appears to play a major role in motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. (sciencedaily.com)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Other Motor Neuron Diseases (MNDs) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron diseases are characterized by steady, relentless, progressive degeneration of corticospinal tracts, anterior horn cells, bulbar motor nuclei. (msdmanuals.com)
Spinal nerves2
- The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. (lookformedical.com)
- Spontaneous paresis of White Leghorns is caused by cell-mediated, inflammatory demyelination affecting multiple cranial and spinal nerves and nerve roots with a proximodistal tapering. (biomedcentral.com)
Optic nerves2
- Brain tumor and its treatment can affect the visual system at different levels, from the optic nerves (through compression or infiltration), to subcortical structures like the superior colliculus (SC) and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) to optic tracts, optic radiations, and visual cortices ( 1 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
- There are several main components that function simultaneously to absorb and relay the picture through the optic nerves to the occipital lobe of the brain. (globalstemcellcare.com)
Third crani2
- Five weeks after the last treatment, PSI-treated animals showed decreased spontaneous locomotor activity and reduced TH positive SN cell number at the level of the third cranial nerve compared to control rats. (herts.ac.uk)
- Stereological optical fractionator estimates of total FG-labelled cell number confirmed the manual cell counting data both at the level of the third cranial nerve and throughout the entire SN. (herts.ac.uk)
Cavernous sinus1
- Lesions of the superior orbital fissure, orbital apex, or cavernous sinus, present in combination with other cranial nerve palsies. (nih.gov)
Nuclei3
- The lateral lemniscus, to a large extent, comes from the nuclei of termination of the cochlear nerve of the opposite side. (co.ma)
- The oculomotor nuclei are responsible for controlling most eye movements and including the movement of the eyelids. (databasefootball.com)
- The oculomotor nuclei are found alongside the superior colliculus. (databasefootball.com)
Findings1
- Ophthalmologic findings of AD include visual field deficits, decreased contrast sensitivity, impaired oculomotor function, and abnormal viewing behavior. (aao.org)
Diplopia3
- The occurrence of diplopia is closely associated with the cranial nerves. (targetwoman.com)
- Binocular diplopia is caused by neurogenic impairments related to Oculomotor nerve damage, which is an important nerve in facilitating the movement of eye. (targetwoman.com)
- Since diplopia is associated with cranial nerves predominantly the oculomotor nerve, a gaze test is administered by the optometrist to estimate the functionality of nine cardinal vision factors. (targetwoman.com)
Damage1
- Stimulating the menace reflex is used as a diagnostic procedure in veterinary medicine, in order to determine whether an animal's visual system, in particular the cortical nerve, has suffered from nerve damage. (wikipedia.org)
Brain4
- The cranial nerves originate in the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)
- However, the presence of an abnormal cranial nerve sign strongly suggests that the observed weakness results from a problem in the brain stem. (msdmanuals.com)
- Introduction to the Neurologic Examination The purpose of the neurologic examination is to establish whether the patient's brain, special senses, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscle and skin receptors are functioning normally. (msdmanuals.com)
- Via these nerve impulses, separate input from the left and right eyes is directed to the brain. (globalstemcellcare.com)
Lesions2
- Lesions along the oculomotor nerve present with ptosis and restriction of adduction, elevation and depression movements of the eyeball. (nih.gov)
- Smell, a function of the 1st (olfactory) cranial nerve, is usually evaluated only after head trauma or when lesions of the anterior fossa (eg, meningioma) are suspected or patients report abnormal smell or taste. (msdmanuals.com)
Disorders2
- White matter disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lead to failure of nerve conduction and long-lasting neurological disabilities affecting a variety of sensory and motor systems, including vision. (bvsalud.org)
- thus, they can be considered cranial nerve disorders, neuro-ophthalmologic. (msdmanuals.com)
Impulses1
- Use of anticholinergic drugs , which block neurotransmitters and suppress nerve impulses that cause involuntary muscle movements. (allaboutvision.com)
Pathology1
- Specific combinations of cranial nerve signs may suggest pathology at specific locations around the base of the skull. (msdmanuals.com)
Superior colliculus1
- Nerve-fibres reach the superior colliculus through-(1) the lemnisci and (2) the superior brachium. (co.ma)
Fibres1
- Afferent Connexions The Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Nerve Medulla Myelinated and Non-Myelinated Nerve Fibres Research: Learning, Memory and Motor Control Some students gleefully tell their peers how many resources they are using or will disdainfully remark that the book you're reading isn't that great, doesn't contain enough detail, etc. (devaris.com)
Alterations2
- Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. (lookformedical.com)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS) alterations were characterised using standard morphological techniques, including nerve fibre teasing and transmission electron microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
Diseases1
- The science in this project advances an imaginative and very clever approach that may one day lead to a therapeutic strategy for mitochondrial diseases," said Houmam Araj, Ph.D., director of the lens/cataract and oculomotor/neuro-ophthalmology programs at the NEI. (nih.gov)
Compression1
- Compression of the ulnar nerve in the groove for the ulnar nerve at the medial epicondyle of the humerus (cubital tunnel s. (cn1699.cn)
Synapses2
- The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. (lookformedical.com)
- This effect on nerve-muscle synapses is the largest ever seen in a mouse model of ALS," said Dr. Spiller. (sciencedaily.com)
Exercises1
- Patients are given eye exercises to facilitate proper oculomotor nerve functionalities and also to prevent squint occurrence. (targetwoman.com)
Lumbar1
- A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. (lookformedical.com)
Olfactory5
- Olfactory nerve. (lookformedical.com)
- The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. (lookformedical.com)
- Traumatic injuries to the OLFACTORY NERVE. (lookformedical.com)
- Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. (lookformedical.com)
- The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here. (lookformedical.com)
Cochlear1
- In 2018, Dr Shivdasani joined UNSW as a Senior Lecturer in Bionics and Neuromodulation and continues to dabble in various bionics projects related to retinal implants, cochlear implants, neuroscience of touch and nerve stimulation to treat chronic pain. (edu.au)
Facial nerve1
- The facial nerve is mediated through a corticotectopontocerebellar pathway. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue2
- Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue. (lookformedical.com)
- Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. (lookformedical.com)
Medial1
- The affected eye looks downward, because the superior oblique (innervated by cranial nerve IV ), is unantagonized by the paralyzed superior rectus and inferior oblique and looking outwards, because the lateral rectus (innervated by cranial nerve VI ) is unantagonized by the paralyzed medial rectus . (wikidoc.org)
Eyelid1
- Ptosis , or drooping of the eyelid , because the levator palpebrae superioris muscle (eyelid lifting muscle) is innervated by the oculomotor nerve . (wikidoc.org)