• Nonphagotrophic mechanisms have been seen in the transmission of transposable elements, plastid-derived endosymbiotic gene transfer, prokaryote-derived gene transfer, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated DNA transfer, cross-species hybridization events, and gene transfer between mitochondrial genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • These features include: inconsistency between phylogeny across genetic elements, high DNA or amino acid similarity from phylogenetically distant organisms, irregular distribution of genetic elements in a variety of species, similar genes shared among species within a specific habitat or geography independent of their phylogenetic relationship, and gene characteristics inconsistent with the resident genome such as high guanine and cytosine content, codon usage, and introns. (wikipedia.org)
  • This research from scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory aimed to advance the use and efficiency of these reporters in two herbaceous plant species ( Arabidopsis and tobacco) and two woody plant species (poplar and citrus). (eurekalert.org)
  • After designing and building a GFP UV reporter protein (eYGFPuv) that provides enhanced signals for all tested plant species, the researchers demonstrated that strong fluorescence could be captured using either a fluorescence microscope or UV light. (eurekalert.org)
  • The HLA complex is the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a gene family that occurs in many species. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Keystone species: Which are most important functional genes in an ecosystem? (sciencedaily.com)
  • Microbial ecosystems such as biological wastewater treatment plants and the human gastrointestinal tract are home to a vast diversity of bacterial species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • These are typically not the most abundant species but far more important are organisms carry copies of distinct, essential genes -- researchers here speak of "keystone genes" -- which are also transcribed disproportionately often. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In most cases, they record the different species that occur together under changing environmental conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This tells us what substances can be produced by the community in general, what genes exist in multiple copies in different bacterial species and in what quantities certain proteins are produced. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Armed with this knowledge, the researchers then went about first identifying "keystone genes" and linking these to keystone species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The identified genes and species fulfil essential functions in the ecosystem," Paul Wilmes explains: "Many metabolic pathways and species are dependent on them. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With this knowledge about keystone genes and species, we can take a closer look at the molecular causes in future -- and explore measures for restoring ecological balance in the gut, for example. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Such differences in the expression dynamics of duplicated genes highlight the challenges involved in translating gene regulatory networks from diploid model systems to more complex polyploid crop species. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Phylogenetic analyses using homologues of Mas genes from the genomes of 28 species of Stramenopiles give evidence of three Mas sub-families, namely Mas1, Mas2 and Mas3. (springer.com)
  • BLAST analyses showed that Mas genes only occur in flagellate species within the Stramenopile taxon. (springer.com)
  • Compared to many valuable plant species that were domesticated over thousands of years, cultivated cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon ) is a young agricultural crop, just as the U.S. is a young country and Thanksgiving is a relatively new holiday . (kxan.com)
  • The patent claims derive from research carried out by Baulcombe and Hamilton at The Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, UK and published in Science ("A Species of Small Antisense RNA in Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing in Plants", (1999), 286, pp. 950-952). (bionity.com)
  • Since human demand for good traits and yield is very high, only a small fraction of the world's approximately 200,000 plant species have, through history, survived the rigorous scrutiny of the domestication process. (hindawi.com)
  • Genetic engineering, also sometimes called genetic modification, is a process that involves combining genes from different species that would not occur naturally. (scienceblog.com)
  • That distance varies depending on the species, but it ranges from the plant sizes of daffodils to sequoias. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Genetic engineering on plants, for example, occurs when a gene from another plant species, bacterium or virus is inserted into the organism's DNA. (rt.com)
  • Particular emphasis is placed on the role of various species of insects that pollinate the plants and thereby transport genetic information. (zalf.de)
  • Today, there are literally thousands of different cultivated varieties (cultivars) of individual species of crop plants. (jrank.org)
  • Many plant species have been transformed by this procedure, which is most useful for dicotyledonous plants. (jrank.org)
  • We further studied the collinearity between these genes and related genes of six other species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This particular gene comes from wheat, and it is also found in many grass species. (esf.edu)
  • In model species, these proteins have been shown to participate in the control of plant height, branching and seed size and could therefore impact the harvestable yield of various crop plants. (lu.se)
  • The male sterilizing factors are produced by recombination of the mitochondrial genome and consist of unusual genes or open reading frames (ORFs) that usually contain a portion of functional mitochondrial genes and sequences of unknown origin ( Hanson and Bentolila, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, using sequences of three mitochondrial genes, the phylogenetic relationships between every sample with a known karyotype were determined, which revealed significant nucleotide divergence among the karyomorphs. (scielo.br)
  • The 'wild type' on the left is the naturally occurring variant. (eurekalert.org)
  • One strategy to address these challenges has been to leverage in tomato some of the available resistance gene resources found naturally in pepper. (ufl.edu)
  • It covers, in addition, the usage of naturally occurring genetic variations for conventional breeding. (no-patents-on-seeds.org)
  • Gene-edited changes are ones that could occur naturally or through traditional plant breeding but would take much longer without this tool. (scienceblog.com)
  • Naturally occurring infections of papaya result in concentrations of coat proteins at much higher levels than those expressed in papaya line 55-1. (canada.ca)
  • This plant naturally occurs in southern Europe and northern Africa. (researchgate.net)
  • We are exploring methods using naturally occurring genes from potato to reduce the accumulation of the steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), undesirable natural metabolites that accumulate in and under the skin of potatoes. (usda.gov)
  • The use of biopesticides based on micro-organisms and naturally occurring substances is governed by a regulatory system that was developed according to a chemical pesticides model. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Organic dust derived in part from naturally occurring microorganisms is known to cause byssinosis in the hemp industry. (cdc.gov)
  • Plant-Based Milks Lack Naturally Occurring Nutrients Most plant-based milks, such as almond or oat milk, have less calcium, vitamin D, and protein than what is found in cow's milk according to research from the University of Minnesota. (medscape.com)
  • MHC class II genes provide instructions for making proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They then characterised the entirety of all genes, analysed what genes were being transcribed and gained an overview of the resulting proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that act directly on the CMS conferring mitochondrial transcripts by binding them specifically and promoting processing events. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that bind specifically to the CMS conferring transcripts in the mitochondria and promote processing events leading to a strong reduction in the production of mitochondrial CMS-inducing proteins (reviewed in Chen and Liu, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the current study, genes encoding two related proteins, PnMas1 and PnMas3, were identified in the genome of P. parasitica . (springer.com)
  • Immunocytochemistry and GFP-tagging document the occurrence of all three PnMas proteins within the specialised compartments of the ER during mastigoneme formation, but only PnMas1 and PnMas2 occur in mature mastigonemes on the flagellar surface. (springer.com)
  • Epigenetic memory" occurs when specialized proteins, histones, are modified, which play an important role in indexing and defining the cell's DNA. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • In those cases, a gene is created that does not contain the correct information to produce the proteins that it normally makes. (scienceclarified.com)
  • One way to conceptualize this process is to think of the gene as a recipe for an amino acid (amino acids are the building blocks of proteins). (scienceclarified.com)
  • Transcapsidation involves the encapsulation of the genetic material of one virus by the plant-produced viral proteins. (referat.ru)
  • The genetic modification results in the addition of the novel PRV CP, nptII, and gus gene sequences in the genome of papaya line 55-1and the expression of three novel proteins (PRV CP, NPTII, and GUS). (canada.ca)
  • The proteins used as marker genes have been previously evaluated for toxicological safety as they are commonly used as marker genes in genetically modified plants. (canada.ca)
  • Sitosterolemia has been shown to result from mutations in either of the genes for 2 proteins ( ABCG5 or ABCG8 ). (medscape.com)
  • Heterotrimeric G proteins are intracellular membrane-attached signal transducers involved in various cellular processes in both plants and animals. (lu.se)
  • Gene flow in agricultural crops is important for risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops, particularly in countries with a large informal agricultural sector of subsistence cultivation. (nature.com)
  • In most cases where single resistance genes are deployed, crops remain disease-free for a period of time (usually several years), until a mutation occurs in the pathogen's avirulence gene that renders it undetectable by the corresponding resistance gene in the plant. (ufl.edu)
  • In 2009, the number of farmers planting GM crops globally reached 14.0 million, an increase of 0.7 million over 20082 with 15 countries having areas under biotech crops of more than 50,000 hectares (see the table). (epw.in)
  • One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • Gene Transfer to Wild or Weedy Relatives Novel genes placed in crops will not necessarily stay in agricultural fields. (referat.ru)
  • If relatives of the altered crops are growing near the field, the new gene can easily move via pollen into those plants. (referat.ru)
  • These 'Bt crops' are genetically engineered to contain a gene for the Bt toxin. (referat.ru)
  • Because the crops produce the toxin in most plant tissues throughout the life cycle of the plant, pests are constantly exposed to it. (referat.ru)
  • Such crops are produced by engineering components of viruses into the plant genomes. (referat.ru)
  • GM corn and cotton contain bacterial genes that kill insects and confer herbicide-resistance on the crops. (jrank.org)
  • These are crops that have had their DNA artificially altered by genes from other plants, animals, viruses or bacteria. (brucesallan.com)
  • While the changes which occur in numerical form or structural form of chromosomes are called as chromosomal aberrations. (google.com)
  • Thus after the discovery of genes the chromosomal aberrations and the mutations are differentiated. (google.com)
  • Also, the analyses indicate that chromosomal rearrangements occurred independently within the distinct lineages of S . marmoratus complex, which resulted in the appearance of distinct karyotypic variants in a non-linear fashion related to diploid numbers and in the appearance of similar non-homologous chromosomes. (scielo.br)
  • The chromosomal localization of genes was improved, and Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS) notation was used throughout for translocations, insertions, and other gene alterations. (who.int)
  • The virulence of this bacterium results from the 32 Y pestis chromosomal genes and two Y pestis -specific plasmids, constituting the only new genetic material acquired since its evolution from its predecessor. (medscape.com)
  • A phylogeny was constructed from 1689 identified genes and all homologs available from the rice genome (3177 gene families). (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant shikimate pathway enzymes share similarities to prokaryote homologs and could have ancestry from a plastid progenitor genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The male sterilizing factors usually consist of unusual genes or open reading frames encoded by the mitochondrial genome. (frontiersin.org)
  • We show that flowering time genes are preferentially retained relative to other genes in the OSR genome. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Efforts to enhance plant resistance and tolerance to a broad range of stresses by expressing Trichoderma genes in the plant genome are also addressed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Recent progress in genome editing methods has opened new avenues for reverse genetics studies in plants. (isaaa.org)
  • Molecular and inheritance analysis indicates that line 55-1 contains the PRV CP gene and the nptII and gus plant-expressible marker genes at one integration site in the papaya genome. (canada.ca)
  • Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the bZIP transcription factor family genes in response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numerous linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to understand the genetic mechanism of BW, but information on the markers/genes controlling BW remains limited. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2423}. Whole-genome sequencing has ing has shown that more than half of all shown that more than half of all cases cases of MDS-MLD carry mutations in of MDS-MLD carry mutations in genes genes that are also mutated in MDS with that are also mutated in MDS with excess excess blasts and acute myeloid leukae- blasts and acute myeloid leukaemia. (who.int)
  • Although they do it differently from humans, plants also have memories. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • Silencing is a natural phenomenon that occurs in many different organisms from yeasts to plants to humans. (bionity.com)
  • Since humans have approximately 32,000 genes, it is to be expected that most sex cells contain at least one mutation of some sort. (scienceclarified.com)
  • RNA interference occurs in plants, animals, and humans and it is already being used as a method to study the function of genes and as a defence strategy against diseases. (europa.eu)
  • Plant breeding began when early humans saved seeds and planted them. (jrank.org)
  • Analysis of ancient DNA revealed that prior to humans' farming, the animal-based diets of European hunter-gatherers predominantly favored the opposite version of the same gene, which limits the activity of FADS1 enzymes and is better suited for people with meat and seafood-based diets. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Plant sterols are not synthesized endogenously in humans, including patients with sitosterolemia, but are derived entirely from the diet. (medscape.com)
  • So far, scientists have had difficulties in analysing the dependencies between the many bacteria in a complex ecosystem such as the gut or a biological treatment plant. (sciencedaily.com)
  • But after only several years, bacteria containing mutations in the Bs2 avirulence gene became prevalent in the field (Pernezny and Collins 1999), and when deployed alone, Bs2 resistance was no longer effective against such bacterial strains. (ufl.edu)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • If we eat plant based foods, certain healthy bacteria flourish. (salisburypost.com)
  • These changes in bacteria can occur over days and have been noted in many studies linking bacteria and obesity. (salisburypost.com)
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are soil bacteria that infect plant roots, causing crown gall or "hairy roots" diseases. (jrank.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines, making infections harder to treat. (who.int)
  • Moreover, as revealed by research in recent decades, some Trichoderma strains can interact directly with roots, increasing plant growth potential, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Plant resistance is desired because chemical control is costly and largely ineffective when conditions are favorable for development of the disease. (ufl.edu)
  • In pepper, conventional (non-GMO) breeding efforts have been very successful due to the discovery and use of several individual resistance genes. (ufl.edu)
  • Seven of these resistance genes have been reported (Potnis et al. (ufl.edu)
  • By this model, a resistance gene in the plant must recognize a corresponding gene in the bacterium (commonly referred to as an avirulence gene) in order for the plant to be resistant. (ufl.edu)
  • Thus, both the resistance gene in the plant and the avirulence gene in the pathogen are necessary for resistance to work against bacterial spot. (ufl.edu)
  • Fortunately, not all bacterial strains carry a mutant Bs2 avirulence gene (Wichmann 2005), and pepper breeders have enjoyed some success against bacterial spot by pyramiding Bs2 with other resistance genes (for example, Bs2 combined with Bs3 ). (ufl.edu)
  • This strategy also helps to prolong the 'life' of the resistance genes, since the pathogen can only survive/spread if mutations simultaneously occur in all avirulence genes. (ufl.edu)
  • There are several reasons for this, including limited sources of resistance, resistance that is conferred by multiple genes with small effects rather than a single gene (which makes the breeding process much more complicated), mutations in pathogen avirulence genes resulting in ineffective resistance genes, and introduction of exotic pathogen strains which overcome the resistance (Hutton et al. (ufl.edu)
  • The Bs2 gene, which confers strong resistance to bacterial spot, was cloned from pepper in the late 1990s (Tai et al. (ufl.edu)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
  • This continuous exposure selects for the rare resistance genes in the pest population and in time will render the Bt pesticide useless, unless specific measures are instituted to avoid the development of such resistance. (referat.ru)
  • This process can be used repeatedly to generate plants with multiple disease resistance, combined with other desirable characters. (jrank.org)
  • Agrobacterium cells with a genetically-modified plasmid, containing a gene for the desired trait and a marker gene, usually conferring antibiotic resistance, are incubated with protoplasts or small pieces of plant tissue. (jrank.org)
  • The gene encoding Bt, as well as genes conferring resistance to viral diseases, have been introduced into plants by this method. (jrank.org)
  • GM squash contains viral genes that confer resistance to viruses. (jrank.org)
  • they can combine with the promoter regions of key genes in signaling pathways to regulate their transcription levels and, in turn, plant resistance to stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • . 2006 ). In order to enhance blight-tolerance in the American chestnut tree, we are studying several gene products, regulatory regions of genes to control expression (promoters), and the possibility of combining two or more genes (called stacking or pyramiding) for better and more sustainable resistance. (esf.edu)
  • Scientific evidence from a report called Initiatives for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment [PDF - 94 pages] show that traces of antibiotics and antifungals, germs resistant to them, and genes that cause resistance traits are present and can spread in waterways and soils. (cdc.gov)
  • So the genes in the gut are related to the production of toxins, antibiotic resistance etc. (lu.se)
  • Squandering of Valuable Pest Susceptibility Genes Many insects contain genes that render them susceptible to pesticides. (referat.ru)
  • Often these susceptibility genes predominate in natural populations of insects. (referat.ru)
  • 2014). With the help of several collaborators, we are evaluating potential impacts of transgenic chestnut on soil fungi, aquatic insects, terrestrial insects, other wildlife, persistence in the environment, tree growth rates, pollen flow, and surrounding plant communities. (esf.edu)
  • We work on Sylvioidea songbirds including the great reed warbler at Lake Kvismaren, finches on islands in the Atlantic Ocean, insects including damselflies and bumblebees, and dioecious plants. (lu.se)
  • The new traits might confer on wild or weedy relatives of crop plants the ability to thrive in unwanted places, making them weeds as defined above. (referat.ru)
  • The PRV virus is a viral pathogen belonging to the potyvirus group of plant viruses and is considered the major limiting factor in commercial papaya production throughout the world. (canada.ca)
  • The oxalate oxidase gene is also being tested by several other researchers to enhance pathogen tolerance in plant systems such as peanut , soybean , sunflower , and oilseed rape and also to possibly increase salt tolerance in tomato . (esf.edu)
  • In our group, we study the adaptive immune system in wild birds: (1) host-pathogen interactions within populations and (2) the evolution of the immune system, with a special focus on the enigmatic Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes. (lu.se)
  • A case study of homologues of the shoot meristem identity gene TFL1 reveals differences in cis-regulatory elements that could explain this divergence. (jic.ac.uk)
  • one includes structural genes encoding enzymes that directly participate in the formation of anthocyanins and other flavonoids, and the other comprises regulatory genes controlling the transcription of structural genes. (scirp.org)
  • The plasmid construct consisted of the neomycin phosphotransferase II ( nptII), -glucuronidase (gus), and papaya ringspot virus coat protein (PRV CP) gene coding sequences and the regulatory components necessary for expression. (canada.ca)
  • Important regulatory factors, TFs bind to the promoter regions of target genes and activate or inhibit their transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scientists have now succeeded for the first time in determining key functional genes and the organisms encoding these in such ecological systems, working from extensive data of bacterial genetics and bacterial metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Scientists of the Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB) and the Life Science Research Unit (LSRU) of the University of Luxembourg, in collaboration with US researchers, have now succeeded for the first time in determining key functional genes and the organisms encoding these in such ecological systems, working from extensive data of bacterial genetics and bacterial metabolism. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Since the flower in https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/indiantreepix/7-kRSVOxAMQ/sDatK69AGYAJ had not been resulted out of sacrificing stamens (as have been explained in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-flowered#Genetics_of_double-flower_mutations ), i think the abnormality lies in tissue differentiation due to certain changes in gene expressions, rather than a polyploidy condition. (google.com)
  • It tells the history of genetics and reports on new breakthroughs and ethical questions resulting from gene manipulation. (wkar.org)
  • So we're going to say lung cancer but with genetics or genes that share some things with leukemia. (wkar.org)
  • Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Plant cells that have been transformed by the plasmid can be selected on media containing the antibiotic, and then cultured to generate new, transgenic plants. (jrank.org)
  • Therefore, in the current study, we carry out a comparative analysis to evaluate the morphological, physiological biochemical and molecular parameters in transgenic plants containing GaUSP-1, GaUSP-2 and GaZinc Finger genes under different drought stress conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Data showed that transgenic plants showed more tolerance as compared to non-transgenic plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • can reduce the severity of plant diseases by inhibiting plant pathogens in the soil through their highly potent antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Researchers use detection methods to analyse miRNA expression patterns and monitor siRNA levels following induction of silencing, for example to determine whether gene therapy drugs are having their intended effect on the expression of target genes relevant to diseases , such as cancer. (bionity.com)
  • Rather than waiting for diseases to develop and then treating them with drugs or surgery, doctors are now embarked on finding the genetic causes of disease in the hope of fixing the malfunctioning gene before the illness even begins to show its early symptoms. (scienceclarified.com)
  • Not all ailments are genetic diseases, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that genes play some role in almost everything that can go wrong with a human being. (scienceclarified.com)
  • Gallardo said gene editing will be an increasingly important tool for producers to meet demand for food especially in the face of climate change and its associated increase in plant diseases and pests. (scienceblog.com)
  • But it is to say that many, many diseases - not all - but many, many diseases are acutely dependent on the intersection between genes and the environment. (wkar.org)
  • Plant-based alleles regulate cholesterol levels and have been associated with risk of many diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, arthritis and bipolar disorder. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Antibiotics and antifungals (fungicides) are sometimes applied as pesticides to manage plant and crop diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Horizontal gene transfer occurs between microorganisms sharing overlapping ecological niches and associations like parasitism or symbiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is widely distributed and highly conserved in animals, plants, and microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells can inhibit the expression of intrinsic or foreign genes at the mRNA level by RNA interference. (europa.eu)
  • When such mRNA molecules disappear, no protein is made and the corresponding gene is silenced. (europa.eu)
  • The rise of the techniques associated with transcriptomics has led to the use of steady-state levels of mRNA as a criterion to select and study genes with a possible implication in agronomically important characters. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • We have also identified a group of genes either up- or down-regulated at translational levels that participate in pre-mRNA splicing, 3´-processing of the pre-RNA, RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing, miRNA-mediated repression and mRNA turnover, as well as genes involved in epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • But as a plant scientist , I've learned much about cranberries' ancestry from their botany and genomics. (kxan.com)
  • The differential expression of these genes was confirmed by RT-PCR and they are being analyzed by functional genomics. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Limitations related to conventional breeding and the advancements in plant genomics and biotechnology applications have opened new horizons to plant improvements. (bvsalud.org)
  • We work primarily with natural host-parasite systems, with focus on avian malaria, using a variety of methods ranging from single-gene barcoding to genomics and dual-RNA sequencing. (lu.se)
  • Poisoned Wildlife Addition of foreign genes to plants could also have serious consequences for wildlife in a number of circumstances. (referat.ru)
  • Alterations in DNA methylation, lncRNAs and multiple genes may be involved in the regulation of FTLs . (nature.com)
  • From the phylogenetic analysis, horizontal gene transfer events could have contributed to the L-fucose permease sugar transporter, zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase, membrane transporter, phospholipase/carboxylesterase, iucA/iucC family protein in siderophore biosynthesis, DUF239 domain protein, phosphate-response 1 family protein, a hypothetical protein similar to zinc finger (C2H2-type) protein, and another conserver hypothetical protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • For reasons not well understood, plants producing viral components on their own are resistant to subsequent infection by those viruses. (referat.ru)
  • Recombination can occur between the plant-produced viral genes and closely related genes of incoming viruses. (referat.ru)
  • Such hybrid viruses could transfer viral genetic material to a new host plant that it could not otherwise infect. (referat.ru)
  • They are targeting the messenger RNA of the nucleoprotein gene of these viruses, then blocking the virus multiplication process. (europa.eu)
  • Plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between individuals in the plant and fungus kingdoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, we call for an urgent re-think of European patent law in biotechnology and plant breeding and for clear regulations that exclude conventional breeding, genetic material, animals, plants and food derived thereof from patentability! (no-patents-on-seeds.org)
  • In order for a mutation to be inherited, it must occur in the genetic material of a sex cell,' O'Neil says. (scienceclarified.com)
  • Spread across seven different agricultural landscapes in Sweden, Estonia, Northern France, Belgium and Germany, they collect plant samples whose genetic material is then analysed here. (zalf.de)
  • This protein family is largely expanded in land plant genomes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to repairing faulty genes, medical researchers now have within their grasp the ability to analyze individual genomes-the total genetic makeup of specific organisms-to see if they have a full complement of genes and to add healthy versions of those that are missing. (scienceclarified.com)
  • Plant-fungus interactions could play a part in a multi-horizontal gene transfer pathway among many other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mini-review summarizes the main findings concerning the Trichoderma -plant interaction, the molecular dialogue between the two organisms, and the dramatic changes induced by the beneficial fungus in the plant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The award of this patent (7,704,688, issue date 27 April 2010) comes as further recognition by the United States Patent Office (USPTO) of the pioneering contributions of Professor Sir David Baulcombe and Dr Andrew Hamilton to the field of gene silencing in living organisms. (bionity.com)
  • Most recently, the potential for plant breeding has advanced significantly, with the advent of methods for the incorporation of genes from other organisms into plants via recombinant DNA-techniques. (jrank.org)
  • Blackman LM, Cullerne DP, Torreña P, Taylor J, Hardham AR (2015) RNA-Seq analysis of the expression of genes encoding cell wall degrading enzymes during infection of lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) by Phytophthora parasitica . (springer.com)
  • Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ABA treatment around véraison resulted in the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes responsible for both general flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. (scirp.org)
  • On the other hand, the gene expressions of enzymes involved in proanthocyanidin synthesis were drastically decreased at véraison and remained extremely low even with ABA treatment. (scirp.org)
  • The study shows that vegetarian diets of European farmers led to an increased frequency of an allele that encodes cells to produce enzymes that helped farmers metabolize plants. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The FADS1 gene found in these vegetarian farmers produces enzymes that play a vital role in the biosynthesis of omega-3 and omega-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Vegetarians require FADS1 enzymes to biosynthesize LCPUFA from short-chain fatty acids found in plants (roots, vegetables and seeds). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers have identified hundreds of different versions (alleles) of the HLA-DPB1 gene, each of which is given a particular number (such as HLA-DPB1*03:01 ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • An international group of researchers found the answer to the question: how do plants forget? (gulbenkian.pt)
  • Jörg Becker , principal investigator at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência , involved in the international team led by researcher Frédéric Berger, of the Gregor Mendel Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, says that researchers set out to analyse histones in pollen, hypothesizing that the process of forgetting would most likely occur in the embedded sperm. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • The researchers found that H3K27me3 completely disappears in the sperm and "this ensures that the" memory "is erased from hundreds of genes, not only those that prevent flowering, but also those that control a wide range of important functions in the seeds" reinforces Jörg. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • For the study published in the journal PLOS One , researchers surveyed more than 2,800 people across the U.S. to assess how accepting they might be of gene-edited table grapes, even though none are yet on the market. (scienceblog.com)
  • To better understand the survey responses, the researchers segmented the participants into four groups depending on their level of acceptance of gene-editing. (scienceblog.com)
  • U researchers have discovered a gene that might tell plants when to stop growing when faced with drought, compacted soil or other poor growing conditions. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Researchers Link Two Genes to Raynaud Disease The discovery will hopefully lead to new therapeutic avenues for the condition, experts say. (medscape.com)
  • Four ethylene receptors genes ( AcERS1b , AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b ) have been cloned, and expression analysis showed that AcERS1b , AcETR2a , and AcETR2b play key roles in pineapple flowering 13 . (nature.com)
  • Reporter genes are attached to other genes of interest to provide an inexpensive, rapid, and sensitive assay for studying gene delivery and gene expression. (eurekalert.org)
  • Spatio-temporal expression dynamics differ between homologues of flowering time genes in the allopolyploid Brassica napus. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Here we investigate the retention and spatio-temporal expression dynamics of duplicated genes predicted to regulate the floral transition in Brassica napus (oilseed rape, OSR). (jic.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, between 64% (leaf) and 74% (shoot apex) of the retained gene homologues show diverged expression patterns relative to each other across development, suggesting neo- or subfunctionalization. (jic.ac.uk)
  • RNA-Seq analyses indicate that PnMas1 and PnMas2 genes have similar expression profiles both in vitro and in planta but that PnMas3 is expressed temporally prior to PnMas1 and PnMas2 during asexual development and plant infection. (springer.com)
  • It is a central mechanism for modulation of gene Expression . (bionity.com)
  • In order to enhance berry coloration of bright-red grape cultivars, the effects of abscisic acid (ABA) treatment on the quantity and composition of anthocyanins as well as the expression of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis in the berry were examined. (scirp.org)
  • In this research project we try to quantify the gene expression of the above genes pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB using rpoD as the house keeping gene. (ukessays.com)
  • The gene expression is quantified using real time PCR. (ukessays.com)
  • The results from the planktonic and biofilm gene expression results are compared. (ukessays.com)
  • Regulation of gene expression occurs at multiple levels within eukaryotic cells, including chromatin-based, transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • The plant expression of the viral coat protein confers the ability to resist the PRV. (canada.ca)
  • To achieve this, Wilmes and his group took samples from a wastewater treatment plant during different seasons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reduce contaminants in wastewater before discharging the treated water into waterways. (cdc.gov)
  • However, some antibiotic and antifungal residues and resistant germs and genes can survive treatment because wastewater treatment systems are not specifically designed to kill or remove them. (cdc.gov)
  • They can also be propagated sexually, by planting seeds, or asexually, through rooting vine cuttings. (kxan.com)
  • Many other plants disperse their seeds via animals and birds that eat their fruits and excrete the seeds as they move around. (kxan.com)
  • are concerned about the increasing number of patents on plants, seeds and farm animals and their impact on farmers, breeders, innovation and biodiversity. (no-patents-on-seeds.org)
  • Los Angeles City Councilmen Paul Koretz and Mitch O'Farrell introduced Friday a motion to curb growth and proliferation of GMO seeds and plants within the city. (rt.com)
  • For example, a gene changing the oil composition of a crop might move into nearby weedy relatives in which the new oil composition would enable the seeds to survive the winter. (referat.ru)
  • Most plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer events are ancient and rare, but they may have provided important gene functions leading to wider substrate use and habitat spread for plants and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fungus-plant-mediated horizontal gene transfer can occur via phagotrophic mechanisms (mediated by phagotrophic eukaryotes) and nonphagotropic mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • A greater genomic inventory of gene family and taxon sampling has been identified as a desirable prerequisite for identifying further plant-fungus events. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer could take place during plant infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are many possible vectors, such as plant-fungus-insect interactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • A fungus-plant pathway has been demonstrated in rice (Oryza sativa) through ancestral lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fourteen candidate plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer events were identified, nine of which showed infrequent patterns of transfer between plants and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum rifai 1295-22. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To see how reduced oxalate affects the fungus' ability to attack a plant, view the following time-lapse video of an "Apple test" used to measure fungal virulence (long version viewable on YouTube ). (esf.edu)
  • This gene was chosen for use in the American chestnut because the blight-causing fungus produces large amounts of oxalate at the margin of a canker. (esf.edu)
  • This is important because it removes the selective pressure on the fungus to overcome this tolerance-enhancing gene. (esf.edu)
  • Armbrust EV (1999) Identification of a new gene family expressed during the onset of sexual reproduction in the centric diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii . (springer.com)
  • The question is then if we by altering our diet can affect what genes (i.e. microbes) are present in our guts? (lu.se)
  • The study now published in Nature Cell Biology reveals more information on the capacity of plants, identified as "epigenetic memory", which allows recording important information to, for example, remember prolonged cold in the Winter to ensure they flower at the right time during the Spring. (gulbenkian.pt)
  • Mutations are alterations in existing genes,' says evolutionary biologist Dennis O'Neil. (scienceclarified.com)
  • This in turn shows how cells deliver and use genes. (eurekalert.org)
  • like in plants when the cells are dividing during growth the chromosomes duplicate in each cell and seperate into half. (google.com)
  • But if such changes occur in the reproductive cells/germinal cells they are passed to the gametes and then to the next generation. (google.com)
  • But if the changes occur in somatic cells then they are not passed to future generation. (google.com)
  • Plant Bioscience Limited (PBL) announced that the United States Patent Office has allowed claims in its patent application 10/806,253 for detection of short RNA molecules to identify gene silencing in mammals and mammalian cells. (bionity.com)
  • Estimates of the frequency of mutations in human sex cells generally are about one per 10 to 100,000 for any specific gene. (scienceclarified.com)
  • Cells have a way of checking to make sure that replication takes place as it is supposed to, but because thousands of base pairs are involved for each gene, the mechanism occasionally fails. (scienceclarified.com)
  • The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)
  • It's amazing that two cells next to each other can send signals to each other, but the long-distance signaling occurring from roots to leaves amazes me," Sieburth said. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Replicate plant cells or protoplasts that are placed under identical conditions of tissue culture do not always grow and differentiate to produce identical progeny (clones). (jrank.org)
  • Advantage has been taken of the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer plasmid DNA into the nuclei of susceptible plant cells. (jrank.org)
  • Two methods have been developed for direct gene transfer into plant cells-electroporation and biolistics. (jrank.org)
  • The modification was a result of using particle mediated transformation which introduced a DNA construct into papaya plant cells. (canada.ca)
  • Both genes are commonly used as a selectable markers for transformed cells. (canada.ca)
  • Mammalian cells cannot use plant sterols. (medscape.com)
  • These ABC transporters preferentially pump plant sterols out of intestinal cells into the gut lumen and out of liver cells into the bile ducts, thereby decreasing sterol absorption. (medscape.com)
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a clonal disorder caused by an acquired mutation in the PIGA gene in hematopoietic stem cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While our body consists of 10 trillion cells and 23 000 genes, our microbiota consists of 100 trillion cells and 3 million genes. (lu.se)
  • Measuring the relationship between resistant germs and genes, drug residues (small amounts of leftover drugs or pieces of drugs that are not completely absorbed by the body), the environment, and human health is complex and incomplete. (cdc.gov)
  • Biopesticides are mass-produced, biologically based agents used for the control of plant pests. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • This condition occurs when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body's own tissues and organs (autoimmunity), causing inflammation that affects the lungs, airways, and kidneys. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Using a transcriptome time series in two tissues (leaf and shoot apex) across development we show that 67% of these retained flowering time genes are expressed. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Biolistics refers to the bombardment of plant tissues with microprojectiles of tungsten coated with the DNA intended for transfer. (jrank.org)
  • These early trees contain the wheat oxalate oxidase gene controlled by a vascular promoter, meaning the enzyme is predominantly present in the stem tissues where infections occur. (esf.edu)
  • Significant increases of plant sterols (ie, phytosterols) are found in blood and various tissues. (medscape.com)
  • In the liver, cholesterol and plant sterols may be transported to peripheral tissues by very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), converted to bile acids, or transported out of the liver into the bile for excretion. (medscape.com)
  • The liver preferentially excretes plant sterols over cholesterol. (medscape.com)
  • Transgenic and non-transgenic assist us in our better understanding of the drought-responsive mechanism and its effect on different plant growth traits, so, in this way, we would be able to explore drought tolerance mechanism and this will open the doors for the identification of drought-related genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Ecological association can facilitate horizontal gene transfer in plants and fungi and is an unstudied factor in shared evolutionary histories. (wikipedia.org)
  • The evolutionary history of the pathway could have been influenced by a prokaryote-to-eukaryote gene transfer event. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hemoglobins occur sporadically among the invertebrate phyla in no obvious [evolutionary branching] pattern. (icr.org)
  • She began to make mutants of the plant Arabidopsis, commonly known as thale cress, to study these patterns and to understand how the loss of various genes affected the leaves. (dailyutahchronicle.com)
  • Horizontal gene transfer research often focuses on prokaryotes because of the abundant sequence data from diverse lineages, and because it is assumed not to play a significant role in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Within angiosperms such events have occurred repeatedly in many plant lineages. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Horizontal gene transfer could bypass eukaryotic barrier features like linear chromatin-based chromosomes, intron-exon gene structures, and the nuclear envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • The HLA-DPB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DPB1 gene attaches (binds) to the protein produced from another MHC class II gene, HLA-DPA1 . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Having variants of the HLA-DPB1 gene that contain the protein building block (amino acid) glutamic acid at position 69 (written as E69) increases the risk of developing beryllium sensitization or chronic beryllium disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma , in plant root colonization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenotype in plants, which present a defect in the production of functional pollen. (frontiersin.org)
  • This research has great significance for the functional characterisation of the tobacco bZIP family and our understanding of the bZIP family in higher plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Potatoes carry the Bt gene to kill the Colorado potato beetle and a viral gene that protects the potato from a virus spread by aphids . (jrank.org)
  • As an additional factor contributing to gene flow, we present data on seed saving and sharing among farmers that live in the same communities. (nature.com)
  • But after the advent of farming in southern Europe around 8,000 years ago, European farmers switched to primarily plant-heavy diets. (sciencedaily.com)
  • All farmers relied heavily on plant-based diets, but that reliance was stronger in the south, as compared to northern Europeans -- whose farmer ancestors drank more milk and included seafood in their diet. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The dose-dependent induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes ( FTLs ) may have contributed to dose-dependent flowering induction in pineapple by ethylene. (nature.com)
  • This gene is part of a complex locus that encodes several UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. (nih.gov)
  • This may explain why widespread exploitation of variation in AGG3-type subunit-encoding genes has not occurred in temperate cereals while in rice the DEP1 locus is widely exploited to improve harvestable yield. (lu.se)
  • Domestication of crop plants seems to have taken place simultaneously in several subtropical regions, across central Africa, western South America, southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean during this period [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Systematic selection has, over the years, now changed the domesticated plants to the point where the wild relatives of crop plants often are classified in completely different taxa. (hindawi.com)
  • For example, engineering crop plants, such as tobacco or rice, to produce plastics or pharmaceuticals could endanger mice or deer who consume crop debris left in the fields after harvesting. (referat.ru)
  • The microbiome associated with the two types of plant residues was characterised by metabarcoding. (biorxiv.org)
  • Golden Promise carries a loss-of-function mutation in HvDep1, an AGG3-type subunit encoding gene that positively regulates culm elongation and seed size in barley. (lu.se)
  • They were presumed as the candidate genes for fiber cell differentiation, initiation, or elongation based on gene annotation of their homologs. (bvsalud.org)
  • The research demonstrates real-time imaging of cellular and molecular events in a wide range of plants with the unaided eye and a black-light flashlight. (eurekalert.org)
  • This will enable quick and affordable screening for research and development or for real time monitoring of molecular events in mature plants. (eurekalert.org)
  • Plant mutagenesis is rapidly coming of age in the aftermath of recent developments in high-resolution molecular and biochemical techniques. (hindawi.com)
  • We further study gene-gene interactions between different hosts, parasites and vectors at different time points during infection cycles. (lu.se)
  • Beryllium exposure can occur in manufacturing plants and the nuclear and aerospace industries. (medlineplus.gov)
  • CMS can be suppressed by specific nuclear genes called restorers of fertility ( Rf s). (frontiersin.org)
  • CMS can be suppressed by specific nuclear genes called restorers of fertility ( Rf ), which restore partial to normal pollen production to plants carrying a corresponding CMS-inducing cytoplasm. (frontiersin.org)
  • O'Farrell said suspicions that powerful new pesticides - incorporated into plant DNA via genetic engineering - have devastated worldwide honeybee populations by 40 to 50 percent in 2012 is the "canary in the coal mine" for GMOs. (rt.com)
  • In a study on vertebrate globins, Jay Storz and his colleagues wrote, "The retention of the proto- Hb and Mb genes in the ancestor of jawed vertebrates permitted a physiological division of labor between the oxygen-carrier function of Hb [hemoglobin] and the oxygen-storage function of Mb [myoglobin]. (icr.org)
  • The study -- the first to separate and compare adaptations that occurred before and after the Neolithic Revolution -- reveals that these dietary practices are reflected in the genes of Europeans. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We conducted a descriptive study of 14 fatal cases of TBE that occurred between 2008 and 2017 in Mongolia. (who.int)