Occur isocyanates. Medical search. Frequent questions

Persons exposed only to methyl isocyanate gas pose no risk of secondary contamination. (cdc.gov)
Persons whose skin or clothing is contaminated with liquid methyl isocyanate can secondarily contaminate rescuers by direct contact or through offgassing of vapor. (cdc.gov)
At temperatures below 39ºC (102ºF), methyl isocyanate is a very flammable colorless liquid that readily evaporates when exposed to air. (cdc.gov)
Gaseous methyl isocyanate is slightly heavier than air. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate is readily absorbed through the upper respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate can also be absorbed through the digestive tract or skin. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate liquid is colorless with a pungent odor. (cdc.gov)
Most people can smell methyl isocyanate vapors at levels as low as 2 to 5 ppm. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate is handled and transported as a very flammable and explosive liquid. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation is the major route of exposure to methyl isocyanate. (cdc.gov)
Significant exposures to methyl isocyanate occur primarily in occupational settings. (cdc.gov)
Acute exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors below the odor threshold can be irritating to the eye and respiratory epithelium. (cdc.gov)
Odors of methyl isocyanate may not provide adequate warning of hazardous concentrations because the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) limit is only 3 ppm and the threshold for detection of methyl isocyanate vapors ranges from 2 to 5 ppm in humans. (cdc.gov)
Significant exposure to methyl isocyanate vapors would most likely be the result of accidental release of methyl isocyanate to the air such as occurred in Bhopal, India in 1984, where the primary effect was pulmonary edema with some alveolar wall destruction. (cdc.gov)
Children exposed to the same levels of methyl isocyanate as adults may receive larger doses because they have relatively greater lung surface area:body weight ratios and higher minute volume:weight ratios. (cdc.gov)
In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels than adults in the same location because of their short stature and the higher levels of methyl isocyanate found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)
Direct contact with liquid or concentrated vapors of methyl isocyanate may cause irritation of the skin or eyes and severe ocular damage. (cdc.gov)
Significant dermal exposure to methyl isocyanate would not likely occur outside an occupational environment in which methyl isocyanate is stored or used. (cdc.gov)
Although unlikely, ingestion of liquid methyl isocyanate could produce severe gastrointestinal irritation. (cdc.gov)
Methyl isocyanate is made by reacting methylamine with phosgene. (cdc.gov)
The primary use of methyl isocyanate is as a chemical intermediate in the production of pesticides. (cdc.gov)
Health(IDLH) limit is only 3 ppm and the threshold for detection of methyl isocyanate vapors ranges from 2 to 5 ppm in humans. (cdc.gov)
A monofunctional isocyanate of industrial significance is methyl isocyanate (MIC), which is used in the manufacture of pesticides. (wikipedia.org)
Exposure to methyl isocyanate typically occurs through inhalation or dermal absorption. (cdc.gov)
No biologic marker for methyl isocyanate exposure is available. (cdc.gov)
Detection of methyl isocyanate in environmental samples, as determined by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for methyl isocyanate exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
Bhopal tragedy's health effects: a review of methyl isocyanate toxicity. (cdc.gov)
The World War I gas was being used to produce methyl-isocyanate (MIC), a chemical 500 times deadlier than hydrogen cyanide, so volatile that unless kept in spotless conditions and refrigerated to 0˚C, it can even react explosively with itself. (bhopal.net)
Sources suggest that inefficiency during installation, ignorance of safety measures, and lack of safety valves to prevent the mixing of water into the Methyl isocyanate tanks helps this accident occur. (ecofriend.com)
They all escaped in panic as the poisonous cloud of methyl isocyanate gas descended on the slum settlement in Madhya Pradesh's state capital in the middle of the freezing night. (bhopal.net)
Other common names of isopropyl isocyanate are propane, 2-isocyanato, 2-isocyanatopropane, and methyl ethyl isocyanate. (cmfenews.com)
The video entitled "Reflections on Bhopal After Thirty Years" chronicles how on December 2, 1984, water inadvertently entered a storage tank containing more than 80,000 pounds of methyl isocyanate, or MIC, which reacts react violently with water. (csb.gov)
Approximately, 3,000-6,000 people died and 200,000 injured due to the leak of 40 tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas from a pesticide plant. (lookformedical.com)
The Bhopal disaster is considered one of the worst industrial disasters in history, and it resulted in the release of a toxic gas, methyl isocyanate, from a Union Carbide Corporation pesticide plant. (lookformedical.com)

Exposures to airborne isocyanates may also occur from the melting or burning of polyurethane foams during fire fighting. (cdc.gov)
The authors conclude that significant exposures to isocyanates have occurred at the facility. (cdc.gov)
Isocyanate exposures have also caused deaths due to both asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (paintsquare.com)
Applicators of foam insulation are among the occupational groups at risk for isocyanate exposures. (paintsquare.com)
The painting, automotive, building and construction industries are among those called out in the document as industries where isocyanate exposures are known or likely to occur. (paintsquare.com)
Analyzing the monomer and oligomer isocyanates in a single method provides the most efficient solution for determining the concentrations present during potential exposures. (webvent.tv)

Human responses to isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
exposure may also occur through skin contact during the handling of liquid isocyanates. (cdc.gov)
Occupational exposure normally occurs during the production and use of isocyanates-particularly during the mixing and foaming processes in the polyurethane foam industry. (cdc.gov)
Occupational exposure standards for isocyanates are based on respiratory irritation and sensitization and carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
Employee exposure means the exposure to airborne formaldehyde which would occur without corrections for protection provided by any respirator that is in use . (cornell.edu)
Once sensitization to a chemical occurs, subsequent exposure to extremely low doses of the chemical produces an allergic reaction (for example, skin rash or asthma). (unr.edu)
Therefore, a prediction of the reactivity of isocyanate groups of the target substance TRIDI is the goal in the prediction of skin and respiratory sensitization, systemic toxicity effects by long-term exposure and reproductive/developmental toxicity effects. (europa.eu)
Investigators determined that exposure to 4,4'-Methylene-bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI) during the polyurethane foam application was causing the crew members' symptoms. (cdc.gov)
In addition, more than half (4 of 7 employees) reported symptoms consistent with isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
Isocyanate exposure can be through inhalation, ingestion, and absorbed through the skin. (cdc.gov)
The most common adverse health outcome associated with isocyanate exposure is asthma due to sensitization. (cdc.gov)
An isocyanate-exposed worker can become sensitized and develop an asthmatic condition after a single exposure, but sensitization usually takes a few months to several years. (cdc.gov)
The asthmatic reaction may occur minutes or several hours after exposure, or a combination of both, but the late asthmatic reaction is the most common, occurring in approximately 40% of isocyanate-sensitized workers. (cdc.gov)
A worker who was exposed to isocyanates and has similar symptoms should see an occupational medicine physician or other physician who is familiar with the health effects of isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
They may be experiencing negative effects from isocyanates even if their blood tests do no show antibodies indicating isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)
The document details a site selection system that will target multiple industries and focus on evaluating inhalation, dermal and other routes of occupational exposure to isocyanates. (paintsquare.com)
skin exposure contributes to the development asthma continues to occur, not uncommonly in settings with minimal inhalation exposure but of isocyanate asthma. (cdc.gov)
DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the published animal and human literature on isocyanate skin- and sensitization for other environmental exposure methods, workplace skin exposure, skin absorption, and the role of skin exposure in allergens. (cdc.gov)
There is substantial opportunity for isocyanate skin exposure in many work settings, but such exposure is challenging to quantify and continues to be underappreciated. (cdc.gov)
2004). The term "sensitization" can generate exposure occurs and can contribute to the development of isocyanate asthma in certain settings, pre- misunderstanding. (cdc.gov)
exposure in human isocyanate asthma and to improve diagnosis and prevention. (cdc.gov)
The SafeAir Aromatic Isocyanates badge may be used for personal or area monitoring for exposure times ranging from 15 minutes to 24 hours. (gas-sensing.com)
The SafeAir aromatic isocyanates badge is a monitoring system designed to indicate the presence of TDI and/or MDI at concentrations below the permissible exposure limit. (gas-sensing.com)
The present study provides in vivo evidence that a GSH mediated pathway underlies asthma-like eosinophilic inflammatory responses to respiratory tract isocyanate exposure. (cdc.gov)

Always seek immediate medical attention if skin contact, eye contact, or inhalation occurs. (unr.edu)

Workers potentially exposed to isocyanates who experience persistent or recurring eye irritation, nasal congestion, dry or sore throat, cold-like symptoms, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness should see a physician knowledgeable in work-related health problems. (uaw.org)
P332 + P313 : If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/ attention. (tcichemicals.com)
P332+P317 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help. (chemicalbook.com)
Eye irritation can also occur. (msdmanuals.com)

Three rearrangement reactions involving nitrenes give isocyanates: Schmidt reaction, a reaction where a carboxylic acid is treated with ammonia and hydrazoic acid yielding an isocyanate. (wikipedia.org)
R2NC(O)NR'C(O)NHR''}}} Reaction between a di-isocyanate and a compound containing two or more amine groups produces long polymer chains known as polyureas. (wikipedia.org)
Isocyanates are common intermediates in the synthesis of primary amines via hydrolysis: Hofmann rearrangement, a reaction in which a primary amide is treated with a strong oxidizer such as sodium hypobromite or lead tetraacetate to form an isocyanate intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
In this one-step process, polyurethane was formed by the reaction of the isocyanates with the hydroxyl-functional groups from the polyester, while its gas phase was formed by the generation of carbon dioxide. (iqsdirectory.com)
Traditional allergy tests utilize the Skin Prick method (also known as a Puncture or Scratch test) to determine whether an allergic reaction will occur by inserting possible triggers into your skin using a needle prick. (practo.com)
Once in the mold, a chemical reaction occurs, causing the urethane to expand and quickly harden. (spectis.us)
The addition of curing agent to the cyclocarbonated precursors causes fast gel times enabling the curing and foaming reaction to occur on similar timescales. (clemson.edu)
This exclamation mark is produced by a color-forming reaction, which occurs when TDI and/or MDI reacts with a flat indicator layer. (gas-sensing.com)
These blisters are caused by a reaction of water with an isocyanate, which produces carbon dioxide gas. (multitechproducts.com)
The mechanisms by which isocyanates cause asthma remain unclear, hampering disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.7 It is assumed the reactive nature of N=C=O groups underlies isocyanate asthma, with a hapten-based mechanism as the most obvious pathway to pathogenesis.8 However, the critical "self" reaction targets for isocyanate in vivo remain uncertain. (cdc.gov)

Owing to the hazardous nature of phosgene, the production of isocyanates requires special precautions. (wikipedia.org)
The accidental release of a methylisocyanate cloud (composed of phosgene and isocyanate) was implicated in the Bhopal disaster in 1984. (medscape.com)

The most common of these are toluene diisocyanate (TDI), methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). (cdc.gov)
Environmental and breathing zone samples were analyzed for methylene- bisphenyl-isocyanate (101688) (MDI), total reactive isocyanate groups (TRIG), triethylamine (121448), mineral spirits, and metal fume at Marion Power Shovel Foundry (SIC-3325), Marion, Ohio, in March and September, 1983. (cdc.gov)

TDI and other isocyanates are powerful irritants to the mucous membranes of the eyes and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts [Swensson et al. (cdc.gov)
repeated skin contact with the toxic uncured isocyanates, respiratory problems from robotic spray booths, lack of adequate hand and foot protections and problems with the alarm systems. (uaw.org)
Respiratory disease among workers exposed to isocyanates has been recognized since the 1950s. (paintsquare.com)

Isocyanates can also sensitize workers, making them subject to severe asthma attacks if they are exposed again. (uaw.org)
Foam insulations commonly contain toxic flame retardants, and spray foam contains asthma -causing isocyanates. (healthybuilding.net)
Workers in a wide range of industries and occupations are exposed to at least one of the numerous isocyanates known to be associated with work-related asthma,' according to OSHA. (paintsquare.com)
isocyanate sensitization and asthma. (cdc.gov)
Isocyanates have been a leading chemical cause of occupational asthma since their utility for generating polyurethane was first recognized over 60 years ago, yet the mechanisms of isocyanate asthma pathogenesis remain unclear. (cdc.gov)

Under these physiologic conditions, the presence of reactive biomolecules, such as glutathione and proteins, will far out-compete the reactivity of the aryl isocyanate group with water. (europa.eu)
These biomolecules possess the highly reactive primary aliphatic amine and sulfhydryl functional groups, the latter of which (in the physiologically relevant thiolate form) is estimated to be nine orders of magnitude more reactive with an aryl isocyanate group than is water. (europa.eu)

In phenyl isocyanate, the C=N and C=O distances are respectively 1.195 and 1.173 Å. (wikipedia.org)

The worst ever chemical disaster in world history is credited to Bhopal gas tragedy, which occurred on December 3, 1984. (ecofriend.com)
Born in Bhopal in 1972, the son of a carpenter, Sunil was living with his family in JP Nagar, just across from the plant run by Union Carbide, now a subsidiary of Dow Chemicals, when the gas leak occurred. (bhopal.net)
The tragedy occurred at the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India and killed thousands of people. (csb.gov)
1984 accident in Bhopal, INDIA at a PESTICIDES facility, resulting when WATER entered a storage tank containing ISOCYANATES. (lookformedical.com)
It's possible that you may be referring to the Bhopal disaster, which was a catastrophic industrial accident that occurred on December 3, 1984, in the Indian city of Bhopal. (lookformedical.com)

An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. (wikipedia.org)
The structural similarity of the diisocyanate category members is displayed thus only by the presence of the two reactive isocyanate groups, which position on aromatic or aliphatic moieties and the position of the aliphatic side-chains on aromatic moieties does result in their different reactivity. (europa.eu)
As outlined above, variation in toxicological properties among diisocyanate members of the chemical category may depend on accessibility of the reactive isocyanate groups of the respective diisocyanate compounds in the exposed organism to biomolecules, e.g. proteins and DNA. (europa.eu)

C6H11N)2C + CO2}}} Isocyanates also can react with themselves. (wikipedia.org)
However, isocyanate can react with moisture and release CO2 that gets trapped on the lower layers or backside of the film, and on the borders of multiple layers of coating. (penncoatinc.com)

Isopropyl isocyanate is toxic. (cmfenews.com)
Increasingly stringent regulations regarding the use of toxic chemicals across the world are anticipated to restrain the growth of the isopropyl isocyanate market during the forecast period. (cmfenews.com)
Additional gas-generating reactions occur with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), and even carbonates: the carbon dioxide gas from the last is non-toxic but can be troublesome. (noaa.gov)
BDI degrades, like LDI, into a natural occurring and non-toxic product. (4medchem.com)
Gas poisoning, also known as carbon monoxide poisoning, occurs when a person inhales toxic levels of carbon monoxide, which can lead to symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and nausea, and in severe cases, death. (lookformedical.com)

Airborne monomer and oligomer isocyanates can occur together in product formulations, such as automotive clear coat finishes. (webvent.tv)

Another route to isocyanates entails addition of isocyanic acid to alkenes. (wikipedia.org)

In this report, diisocyanates as a group will be referred to as isocyanates. (cdc.gov)
As can be seen from the chemical structure of the source substances, the chemical category consists of structurally rather different diisocyanates because two isocyanate groups are localized either on one or two benzene rings, or even they can be attached to the aliphatic side chains. (europa.eu)
Rather the strengths of toxicological activity of diisocyanates is considered to be entirely governed by the reactivity of their isocyanate groups, which is dependent on their localization and the localization and the length of their aliphatic side chains. (europa.eu)

Isopropyl isocyanate is a colorless liquid and it possesses strong pungent odor. (cmfenews.com)

This failure typically occurs at the point where the urethane and the core (steel or cast iron), bond to support dynamic wheel applications. (casterconcepts.com)

In terms of bonding, isocyanates are closely related to carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbodiimides (C(NR)2). (wikipedia.org)
This article reports a possible functionalization mechanism of isocyanate (NCO) groups on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with low-temperature plasma. (aip.org)

Isocyanates are electrophiles, and as such they are reactive toward a variety of nucleophiles including alcohols, amines, and even water having a higher reactivity compared to structurally analogous isothiocyanates. (wikipedia.org)
Reactivity of the isocyanate on the most soluble constituents with biological nucleophiles at the site of contact is the most important process affecting the hazard potential of the MDI substances in the body. (europa.eu)

Further refining of blowing agents, polyether polyols, and polymeric isocyanates led to the advancement from flexible polyurethane foams to rigid polyurethane foams. (iqsdirectory.com)

Isocyanates is an important class of intermediates that belong to a family of compounds commonly known as heterocumulenes. (cmfenews.com)

Those of highest concern include halogenated flame retardants, formaldehyde-based binders, and isocyanates reacting on site. (healthybuilding.net)
Examples of compounds that may cause sensitization in some individuals are diazomethane, various isocyanates, formaldehyde, and benzylic and allylic halides. (unr.edu)

Color change for Aromatic Isocyanates (TDI and MDI) is from off-white to red. (gas-sensing.com)
For higher resolution when monitoring for TDI, the SafeAir aromatic isocyanates badge may be used in conjunction with the SafeAir TDI color comparator (part number: 383005). (gas-sensing.com)
The SafeAir aromatic isocyanates badge is designed to detect the presence of TDI and/or MDI by forming a color change in the shape of an exclamation mark inside the triangle. (gas-sensing.com)
The ChromAir aromatic isocyanates monitor should be refrigerated in its sealed bag at all times. (gas-sensing.com)

Isopropyl isocyanate is principally used as an intermediate for the manufacture of several industrial chemicals in industries such as fertilizers, pharmaceutical, and chemical. (cmfenews.com)
Some of the key players operating in the global isopropyl isocyanate market are Beijing Hwrk Chemicals, TCI Japan, 3B Scientific Corporation, NovoChemy, Alfa Chemistry, J&K Scientific, Meryer Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang Sdyano Fine Chemical, and HBCChem, and Waterstone Technology. (cmfenews.com)
Certain protein allergens and chemicals capable of acting as haptens occur at high concentrations in workplace environments. (practo.com)

Polyurethane is created by mixing isocyanate and resin. (spectis.us)

Tp* 2 U(NBn), Tp* 2 U(N p -Tol), and Tp* 2 U(Ndetp), along with previously reported Tp* 2 U(NPh) and Tp* 2 U(NAd) (Ad = 1-adamantyl), readily undergo [2π+2π] cycloaddition with isocyanates and isothiocyanates to generate κ 2 -ureato and κ 2 -thioureato derivatives, respectively. (acs.org)

It should be noted that the "reactive dissolution" is a heterogeneous transformation processes which occurs under physiologic conditions associated with their potential point-of-contact in humans ( i.e. skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract). (europa.eu)

In organic chemistry, isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates. (wikipedia.org)
Isopropyl isocyanate is an organic compound that belongs to the isocyanate group. (cmfenews.com)

Isocyanates , commonly used in paints, coatings, spray-on polyurethane products, and building insulation materials, are the focus of a new National Emphasis Program by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (paintsquare.com)

Isopropyl isocyanate is incompatible with several groups of chemical compounds and it reacts exothermally, releasing noxious gases. (cmfenews.com)

Curtius rearrangement degradation of an acyl azide to an isocyanate and nitrogen gas. (wikipedia.org)

The three supporting compounds show a higher extend of structural variation in relation to the target compound TRIDI, with aliphatic core to which two isocyanate groups are attached. (europa.eu)

The cyanate (cyanate ester) functional group (R−O−C≡N) is arranged differently from the isocyanate group (R−N=C=O). Isocyanides have the connectivity R−N≡C, lacking the oxygen of the cyanate groups. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, quantitative variations in the biological effects observed among members of the chemical category can occur and they may form a regular pattern because of presence of isocyanate groups. (europa.eu)
Further, isocyanate groups can be localized also on two different benzene rings of phenyl moieties or on a naphthalene moiety. (europa.eu)

Asia Pacific is anticipated to maintain its dominant position in the global isopropyl isocyanate market in the near future, due to rising demand from key end-use industries such as fertilizers, chemical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology in the region. (cmfenews.com)

U.S. and Canada are expected to significantly increase their production of isopropyl isocyanate market during the next decade. (cmfenews.com)
Isocyanates are widely used in the production of polyurethane plastics, glues and paints. (practo.com)
Chiefly via the production of the metabonates 2-chloroethyl isocyanate, Diazo-IC (5-diazo imidazole-4-carboxamide) and MCTIC (5-[3-(2-chloroethvl) triazen-1-yl] imidazole-4-carboxamide). (aston.ac.uk)
It was concluded that 2-chloroethyl isocyanate and Diazo-IC production did not occur in intact cells. (aston.ac.uk)

Workers are not provided adequate ventilation protection from isocyanates truck bed lining material. (uaw.org)
Workers report that these gloves come apart quickly when they contact isocyanates and they are dissolved by other solvents used in the process. (uaw.org)

The steric demands of the ligands were quantitatively assessed using computational modeling, and it was shown that cycloaddition only occurs for imido species where ligands occupy 90% or less of the coordination sphere. (acs.org)

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs19

Phenomena and Processes2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science1

Health Care5

Methyl35

Exposures6

Exposure24

Inhalation1

Irritation4

Reaction10

Phosgene2

Methylene bisphenyl2

Respiratory3

Asthma5

Aryl isocyanate2

Phenyl isocyanate1

Bhopal5

Diisocyanate3

React2

Toxic5

Airborne1

Isocyanic acid1

Diisocyanates3

Colorless1

Urethane1

Carbon2

Reactivity2

Foams1

Intermediates1

Formaldehyde2

Aromatic4

Chemicals3

Resin1

Isothiocyanates1

Physiologic1

Organic2

Spray1

Reacts1

Degradation1

Aliphatic1

Groups3

Chemical1

Production4

Workers2

Cycloaddition1