• Hepatic uptake of 99m Tc-macroaggregated albumin has been reported in both superior and inferior vena cava obstructions ( 1 - 4 ) and is caused by shunting of venous blood flow through collateral pathways to the portal system. (snmjournals.org)
  • Additional pertinent past medical history includes placement of subcutaneous central catheters/ports on multiple occasions for delivery of immunoglobulin therapy as well as a history of venous thromboses of the lower extremities with documented bilateral pulmonary emboli requiring anticoagulation and eventually an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. (ctsnet.org)
  • The patient underwent a chest CT-scan, followed by a confirmatory transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) which revealed the presence of a prominent, heterogeneous, partially non-enhancing, right atrial mass, measuring 66 × 41 × 37 mm, partially disrupting inferior vena cava flow and obstructing the superior vena cava ( Figures 1 , 2 , Supplementary Video S1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The BCS initially referred to symptomatic occlusion of the hepatic veins, but later also to obstructive changes in the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic vein orifices. (medscape.com)
  • Prophylactic approaches to catheter-associated thrombosis are not recommended, and the use of superior vena cava filters in deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities should be avoided. (cmaj.ca)
  • Complications occurred in 26 infants (36%), including intravenous catheter sepsis (n = 15), pneumatosis (n = 2), pneumonia (n = 1), bowel obstruction (n = 7), wound infection (n = 5), and SVC thrombosis (n = 1). (nih.gov)
  • Iatrogenic thrombosis associated with central venous catheters is the most frequent cause of intraluminal occlusion of the superior vena cava. (escholarship.org)
  • Further contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) with angiography of chest was done which revealed a non opacification of right sided superior vena cava with hypodense filling defect noted within suggestive of chronic thrombosis and multiple dilated collateral venous channels ( Figure 2 and 3). (romj.org)
  • The focus of this review will be primary BCS where hepatic venous outflow obstruction occurs as a result of thrombosis and its sequelae. (medscape.com)
  • Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Endovascular Reconstruction with Implanted Central Venous Catheter Repositioning for Treatment of Malignant SVC Obstruction. (unil.ch)
  • Iatrogenic SVC obstruction contributes to a significant proportion as evidenced by the increasing number of patients exposed to transvenous pacemaker electrodes and central venous catheters. (ctsnet.org)
  • The location of venous obstructions plays a key role in determining the clinical course of the disease. (bmj.com)
  • Check for superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction and adequate venous drainage. (perfusion.com)
  • The blood pressure in the vena cava is called central venous pressure (CVP). (javatpoint.com)
  • BCS is defined as hepatic venous outflow obstruction at any level from the small hepatic veins (HV) to the junction of the IVC and the right atrium, regardless of the cause of obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatic venous outflow obstruction caused by external compression or invasion of the venous lumen is termed secondary BCS and is seen with malignant tumors or large cysts. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, the venogram demonstrated occlusion of the superior vena cava. (ctsnet.org)
  • Originally described in 1757 by William Hunter in a patient afflicted with a saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta secondary to syphilis [ 2 ], this condition is characterized by compromised blood flow in the vena cava because of extrinsic compression or intraluminal occlusion. (escholarship.org)
  • CT pulmonary angiography demonstrated the superior vena cava thrombus and the large right anterior mediastinal tumor ( Fig. 2 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Coronal slices of CT pulmonary angiogram showing superior vena cava thrombus (arrow, A) and mediastinal tumor (arrow, B). (snmjournals.org)
  • We present a rare case of an adult woman with L-TGA associated with Ebstein's anomaly, left superior vena cava and pulmonary hypertension diagnosed by non-invasive imaging and computed tomography. (scirp.org)
  • Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) is generally caused by extrinsic compression by metastases in upper mediastinal lymph nodes. (stelizabethhospice.org.uk)
  • A, In a different patient, this severe tracheal obstruction is due to extrinsic compression from small cell lung cancer. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Compression of the vena cava may result from extra luminal compression by mass present in middle or anterior mediastinum including right paratracheal lymph nodes, lymphoma, thymoma, aortic aneurysm or any inflammatory process leading to fibrosing mediastinitis [1-5]. (romj.org)
  • 37Superior vena cava compression (SVCO) 37What is superior vena cava obstruction? (dokumen.tips)
  • Treatment of malignant superior vena cava obstruction: metal stents or radiation therapy. (stelizabethhospice.org.uk)
  • Malignant causes included primary or secondary cardiac tumors, lung cancer, mediastinal tumors, or lymphoma, which may obstruct or compress the superior vena cava. (frontiersin.org)
  • Extrapulmonary deposition of macroaggregated albumin particles on lung perfusion scintigraphy occurs in the presence of right-to-left shunting, as demonstrated in this case of portosystemic shunting related to superior vena cava obstruction by germ cell tumor of the mediastinum. (snmjournals.org)
  • We present a case of portosystemic shunting related to superior vena cava obstruction by germ cell tumor of the mediastinum. (snmjournals.org)
  • Four months earlier, a large nonseminomatous germ cell tumor had been diagnosed in the right mediastinum, and there was known superior vena cava obstruction and lung metastases. (snmjournals.org)
  • B, Contrast-enhanced computed tomography shows near complete obstruction of the superior vena cava and lower endotracheal tumor completely closing the right main bronchus. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Involvement of the phrenic or recurrent laryngeal nerve or superior vena cava obstruction is not representative of the classic Pancoast tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Emergency radiotherapy of first intention had not been recommended by a radiation oncologist because of concerns for worsening tracheal obstruction by radiation-induced edema and ongoing sepsis. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Dying from cancer can mean unrelenting vomiting from an uncorrectable bowel obstruction. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Between 1989 and 1995 6 -patients -with -superior -vena -cava syn-drome under-went sur-gical treat-ment for tho-racic -tumors. (minervamedica.it)
  • In four-chamber view, atrioventricular discordance was detected with severe tricuspid regurgitation (vena contracta = 9.3 mm) and dysplasia of the mitral leaflets with severe mitral regurgitation (vena contracta = 10.3 mm) by color Doppler, Video 1. (scirp.org)
  • The computed tomography corroborated these findings and additionally showed a left superior vena cava and an abnormal origin of the coronary arteries. (scirp.org)
  • From a clinical perspective, the literature supports bronchoscopic palliation of airway obstruction from small cell and non-small cell lung cancer before initiation of systemic or radiation therapy. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Superior vena cava obstructions are usually due to malignancy ( 2 - 4 ) but are also seen infrequently in benign conditions such as inflammation, trauma, coagulopathies, and indwelling catheters with insidious progression allowing various collateral pathways to develop ( 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Although malignancy is a frequent cause of SVC obstruction, benign etiologies are increasing in frequency. (ctsnet.org)
  • Abnormal tracer accumulation seen in the right abdomen anteriorly in the liver ( Fig. 1 ) was due to the portosystemic shunting via collateral pathways secondary to the superior vena cava obstruction. (snmjournals.org)
  • JVD occurs when the jugular vein bulges as a result of high pressure in the jugular vein due to the increased pressure of the superior vena cava and looks like a rope or tube (bulged vein) below the skin. (javatpoint.com)
  • The description of the clinical features of hepatic vein outflow obstruction is generally attributed to a pathologist, Hans Chiari (although he was not the first). (medscape.com)
  • Superior vena cava (SVC) carries blood from the head, neck and upper limb to the heart. (romj.org)
  • Although no published literature is available regarding this issue, early bronchoscopic intervention in this patient with central airway obstruction was probably justified from an economic standpoint because prolonged hospitalization for post obstructive pneumonia might be prevented, and critical care hospitalization for impending respiratory failure might be avoided. (clinicalgate.com)
  • These pathways in superior vena cava obstruction have been well described ( 2 - 5 ) and include the azygous and hemiazygous, superior and inferior intercostal, internal mammary, lateral thoracic, epigastric, and vertebral veins. (snmjournals.org)
  • The proximal anastomosis was constructed below the level of the obstruction at the entry area of the azygous vein. (ctsnet.org)
  • They carry blood from a person's head to superior vena cava (largest vein in the upper body) which empties into the heart. (javatpoint.com)
  • Successful treatment by balloon venoplasty and stent insertion of obstruction of the superior vena cava by an endocardial pacemaker lead. (bmj.com)
  • These images are a random sampling from a Bing search on the term "Superior Vena Cava Obstruction. (fpnotebook.com)
  • The term 'obliterative hepatocavopathy' has been used to describe obstruction primarily affecting the hepatic portion of the IVC. (medscape.com)
  • An MRA was obtained which demonstrated complete obstruction of the superior vena cava below the brachiocephalic junction (Figure 1) . (ctsnet.org)