• Open-globe injuries (also called globe rupture, globe laceration, globe penetration, or globe perforation) are full-thickness eye-wall wounds requiring urgent diagnosis and treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Globe lacerations occur when a sharp object or projectile contacts the eye causing a full-thickness wound at the point of contact. (wikipedia.org)
  • Penetrating injuries result in a single, full-thickness entry wound. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, perforating injuries produce two full-thickness wounds at the entry and exit sites of the projectile. (wikipedia.org)
  • An eye with full-thickness or penetrating injury involving the sclera, cornea, or both. (eyepatient.net)
  • Any full-thickness injury to the cornea, sclera, or both is considered an open globe injury and is approached in the same manner in the acute setting. (medscape.com)
  • Slit lamp examination of the right eye showed a full thickness stellate-shaped corneal laceration with iris and probably lens matter incarceration measuring 4-6 mm in the central cornea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • created the Birmingham eye trauma terminology (BETT) to standardize the language used to describe traumatic ocular injuries internationally. (wikipedia.org)
  • A ruptured globe occurs when rapid intraocular pressure elevation secondary to blunt trauma results in eyewall failure. (wikipedia.org)
  • A penetrating globe injury with a retained foreign object, called an intraocular foreign body, has a different prognosis than a simple penetrating trauma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most frequently reported mechanism of injury was trauma by foreign objects (metal, sand, wood), shotgun injuries, motor vehicle accidents, and falls in the home. (wikipedia.org)
  • While globe injuries are commonly associated with peri-ocular trauma that may obstruct diagnosis, several signs suggest open-globe damage: Visible corneal or scleral laceration Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage Protruding foreign bodies Vitreous fluid leakage Changes in iris or pupil shape Life-threatening-injuries should be evaluated first in those with eye injuries, with life-saving treatments provided before an eye examination. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common mechanisms of eye trauma involve blunt, penetrating, and radiation injuries. (aafp.org)
  • Blunt trauma accounts for most sports-related eye injuries. (aafp.org)
  • It is a severe trauma usually caused by a projectile or sharp object and can be a sight-threatening condition, often resulting in blindness. (eyepatient.net)
  • Globe rupture occurs when the integrity of the outer membranes of the eye is disrupted by blunt or penetrating trauma. (medscape.com)
  • Globe rupture secondary to trauma is shown in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • Operating microscope view of a globe rupture secondary to blunt trauma by a fist. (medscape.com)
  • Trauma to the eye represents approximately 3% of all ED visits in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Approximately 34% of ophthalmic presentations in the emergency department are related to trauma, whereas the remaining 66% are unrelated to injury. (medscape.com)
  • In a retrospective review, Esmaeli et al studied 176 cases of ruptured globe to identify clinical and histopathologic factors that may predict ocular survival and final visual acuity after penetrating ocular trauma. (medscape.com)
  • Hospital based studies of eye trauma indicate that about two thirds of those affected are male, predominantly children and young adults with injuries by sticks, stones, and metallic objects being the most. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The most common places of trauma was in the home and school, and the commonest activity at occurrence of injuries was playing and fighting. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The frequency of ocular trauma amongst children attending Mulago Hospital is high, one in every five children seen at the eye clinics had ocular trauma. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Ocular trauma is damage to the eye as a result of mechanical, electrical, thermal, or chemical energy [1]. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • So the aim of this study was to record the frequency, features and causes of ocular trauma in children at Mulago National Referral Hospital Eye Department. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Hospital based studies of eye trauma indicate that about two thirds of those affected are male, predominantly children and young adults with injuries by sticks, stones, and metallic objects being the most.Objective: To examine the frequency, pattern and causes of ocular trauma among children at Mulago hospital using a hospital based descriptive cross- sectional study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Vitreous wick syndrome, or vitreous touch syndrome, occurs after eye surgery or trauma and consists of microscopic wound breakdown accompanied by vitreous prolapse that develops into a vitreous wick. (medscape.com)
  • Common types of eye injuries are blunt trauma, penetrating injuries, and radiation injury from sunlight. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • Blunt trauma occurs when something hits you in the eye. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • It is estimated from the National Eye Trauma System Registry that 2.4 million eye injuries occur annually in the United States, about one-quarter of serious injuries emerge at the workplace. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1 ] Recently, Indian eye trauma registry system was started during International Society of Ocular Trauma-conference held at Jaipur in the year 2012 with a motive to prevent and to improve the safety standards in the work place. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analyzed data contained demographic information, the type of trauma, injury locations, associated additional ocular injuries and surgerical outcomes at follow-up. (researchsquare.com)
  • 3 Wulc and Arterberrydivided canalicular lacerations into direct trauma like knife and dog bite injuries, and indirect trauma, like blunt trauma, according to the mechanism of damage, and reported that patients with canalicular lacerations due to indirect or diffuse injuries were more than due to the presence of a penetrating injury. (researchsquare.com)
  • 25 ] Brain trauma foundation (BTF) has enumerated specific indications for ICP monitoring following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • A traumatic corneal abrasion is the classic corneal abrasion in which mechanical trauma to the eye results in a defect in the epithelial surface. (medscape.com)
  • Open-globe injuries are also classified by the anatomic region or zone of injury: Zone 1- injury involves the cornea and limbus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The external layer is a tough, white membrane called the sclera with a clear dome at the front of the eye called the cornea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The eye can also be divided into three chambers: Anterior chamber: (between the cornea and iris) Posterior chamber: (between the iris and lens) Vitreous chamber: (between the lens and retina) There are an estimated 3.5 eye injuries per 100,000 people annually worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 9 ] In addition to location and extent of injury, unfavorable outcomes were also related to the initial presentation of hyphema, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, cornea wound across the pupil, and endophthalmitis. (medscape.com)
  • The cornea is a transparent cover over the anterior part of the eye that serves several purposes, such as protection, refraction, and filtration of some ultraviolet light. (medscape.com)
  • The eyes should be opened with the lids retracted to get a full look at the cornea as well as the conjunctiva. (medscape.com)
  • A corneal abrasion is a cut or scratch on the cornea (the clear, front portion of the eye). (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea of the eye. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • It's usually due to an infection affecting the clear front surface of the eye, resulting in inflammation of the cornea (keratitis). (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • Right eye examination revealed central corneal laceration with incarceration of lens matter, multiple foreign bodies also seen embedded in the eyelid margins and in the left cornea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Left eye examination revealed diffuse multiple foreign bodies mostly sand particles embedded in the superficial layers of the cornea with few abrasions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • How To Irrigate the Eye and Do Eyelid Eversion Eye irrigation is used to flush particles and harmful chemicals from the conjunctiva and cornea. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A corneal abrasion is a defect in the surface of the cornea that is limited to the most superficial layer, the epithelium, and does not penetrate the Bowman membrane. (medscape.com)
  • Globe rupture may occur when a blunt object impacts the orbit, compressing the globe along the anterior-posterior axis causing an elevation in intraocular pressure to a point that the sclera tears. (medscape.com)
  • More than 2 million eye injuries occur in the United States annually, with more than 40,000 resulting in some degree of permanent visual impairment. (medscape.com)
  • Tetanus associated with corneal injuries may rarely occur. (medscape.com)
  • Most fireworks injuries which occur during this season have adirect impact on eyes causing serious injuries. (poremurasutv.com)
  • Because fireworks explosions are unpredictable, injuries can occur even if the person is careful or is under supervision. (poremurasutv.com)
  • Penetrating injuries occur when something cuts into your eye. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • However, statistics now revealed that these injuries are occurring more and more commonly at home to the extent that nearly 4 to 5 out of 10 injuries occur at home. (eyelidsbybrown.com)
  • Most injuries occur at around 20 years of age with just over a third of them occurring under the age of 17 years. (eyelidsbybrown.com)
  • 2 It has been reported that 72% of lower canaliculus occurs in monocanalicular lacerations and that bicanalicular lacerations occur in 6% to 24% of all canalicular injuries. (researchsquare.com)
  • Spontaneous defects in the corneal epithelium may occur with no immediate antecedent injury or foreign body. (medscape.com)
  • Globe rupture is an ophthalmologic emergency and requires definitive management by an ophthalmologist. (medscape.com)
  • Protect the globe with a rigid shield (seated on or beyond the bony orbital rim), give systemic antibiotics (eg, empiric cefazolin and gentamicin ) and an antiemetic, and immediately obtain ophthalmologic consultation for evaluation and treatment. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Injuries range from a small corneal epithelial abrasion to pen-etrating and globe rupture leading to blindness or poor vision. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • The severity of ocular injury can range from mild irritation and corneal abrasions to retinal complications and open globe injury leading to potential blindness. (poremurasutv.com)
  • Rather alarmingly, nearly 1 million Americans suffer an eye injury that results in visual impairment and blindness. (drmarkmazow.com)
  • Blindness in one eye is most commonly due to cataract in the United States and this is followed closely by eye injuries. (drmarkmazow.com)
  • In adds to, in children, injury to the eye is a recognized as the most common cause of blindness in one eye that is not due to a birth defect. (eyelidsbybrown.com)
  • The BETT schema classifies open globe injuries as a laceration or a rupture. (wikipedia.org)
  • The indirect injuries, lid laceration with tarsal plate fracture and with lacrimal punctum crack, were significantly more likely to lead to a poor prognosis, as comfirmed by the lower functional success rate of surgery. (researchsquare.com)
  • Methods: A total of 142 patients (142 eyes) with lacrimal canalicular lacerations were reviewed and surgically repaired between March 2017 and March 2018. (researchsquare.com)
  • Intraocular foreign bodies, or any penetrating injuries, are treated surgically by an ophthalmologist. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The SUSVIMO ocular implant must be surgically implanted in the eye or removed from the eye (if medically necessary) in an operating room using aseptic technique. (rxlist.com)
  • Patients with closed eye injuries will be treated on an outpatient basis and cases with open eye injury, corneal and scleral tears, traumatic iridodialysis with hyphema, suspected intraocular foreign body (IOFB), and globe rupture will require admission for further management and observation. (poremurasutv.com)
  • Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) with scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation executed 4 months later as secondary procedure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5 , 14 The extent of ocular damage depends on the size, hardness, and velocity of the blunt object, and the force imparted directly to the eye. (aafp.org)
  • A direct blow to the globe from a blunt object smaller than the eye's orbital opening causes rapid anteroposterior compression and dilation of the middle of the globe, transmitting a great force to the internal ocular structures. (aafp.org)
  • A blunt object larger than the orbital opening exerts force on the floor of the orbit or the medial wall, resulting in fractures of the thin bones. (aafp.org)
  • Eye injuries may be of different types: closed globe injuries (blow or contusion caused by a blunt object) or penetrating injuries (caused by a perforating object). (icrcat.com)
  • Do a preprocedure eye examination, without topical anesthetic if the patient's discomfort level permits. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The Carl Gustaf view The Stories of engineering in several is weak phosphides that may discover to injury, perforation injuries for scientific benefits. (hotel-mainlust.de)
  • The possibility of globe rupture should be considered and ruled out during the evaluation of all blunt and penetrating orbital traumas as well as in all cases involving high-speed projectiles with potential for ocular penetration. (medscape.com)
  • Sport practice is one of the main causes of eye traumas. (icrcat.com)
  • With each athlete, physicians should obtain an ocular history, paying special attention to prior conditions such as a high degree of myopia, surgical aphakia, retinal detachment, eye surgery, and injury or infection. (aafp.org)
  • Denser objects absorb more energy, thus retinal spike height decreases when dense cataracts are present to impede signal return to the transducer [3] . (eyewiki.org)
  • A preparticipation eye examination is helpful in identifying persons who may be at increased risk for eye injury. (aafp.org)
  • Sports-related eye injuries should be evaluated on site with an adequate examination of the eye and adnexa. (aafp.org)
  • A complete eye examination should be part of any sports physical. (aafp.org)
  • Predictors of excellent final visual acuity (20/60 or better) were initial visual acuity of 20/200 or better, wound location anterior to the plane of insertion of the 4 rectus muscles, wound length 10 mm or less, and sharp mechanism of injury. (medscape.com)
  • Some serious examples are an orbital blowout fracture (a broken bone under the eyeball), a ruptured globe (broken eyeball), and a detached retina. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • Corneal injuries produced by organic matter or dirt, as well as those associated with tissue necrosis and with entrance of dirt or organic material into the conjunctival sac, should be considered dirty (ie, tetanus-prone) injuries and require boosters within 5 years. (medscape.com)
  • The eyelids and the conjunctival sac of the right eye irrigated with 5% povidone iodine as a prophylactic measure to prevent postoperative endophthalmitis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • are the most common conjunctival and corneal injuries. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Additional Considerations Foreign bodies and abrasions are the most common conjunctival and corneal injuries. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Eye pain (occasionally severe), tearing, and foreign-body sensation are present. (medscape.com)
  • A corneal ulcer typically causes a painful red eye, with mild to severe eye discharge and reduced vision. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • Chief complaints were severe photophobia, blepharospasm, ocular pain, and loss of vision in the right eye. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Is optic nerve sheath diameter a promising screening tool to predict neurological outcomes and the need for secondary decompressive craniectomy in moderate to severe head injury patients? (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Knowledge regarding the diagnostic accuracy of ONSD for predicting unfavorable outcomes within 72 hours (h) of moderate and severe head injury is limited. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The objective of this study was to measure ONSD measurements at 24-h intervals in moderate to severe head injury patients and to find its association with clinical outcomes in the target population. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • This prospective observational study was done on moderate to severe head injury patients. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • ONSD is an efficient screening tool to assess neurological outcomes in severe head injury patients. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • Even though these are intended to temporarily incapacitate individuals, it is often encountered that kinetic impact projectiles can cause penetration, severe injuries, permanent disabilities and even mortality. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • If the abrasion affects the visual axis, then there may be a deficit in acuity that should be apparent when compared to the uninjured eye. (medscape.com)
  • Corneal abrasion is probably the most common eye injury and perhaps one of the most neglected. (medscape.com)
  • Eyes that have suffered a previous traumatic abrasion or eyes that have an underlying defect in the corneal epithelium are prone to this problem. (medscape.com)
  • Abstract During the last decades, there has been an increase in the development and use of kinetic energy non-lethal projectiles, mainly because of their ability to neutralise without inflicting serious injuries. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
  • The prognosis depends largely on the extent of injury and the time from injury until appropriate surgical treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Plant objects (44.8%) and metal objects (15.2%) were the most common traumatic agents. (bvsalud.org)
  • Traumatic infectious endophthalmitis refers to the inflammation of one or multiple layers of the eyeball wall and intraocular contents caused by pathogen invasion after open globe injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • The clinical outcome was divided into the favorable group (patients who were in conservative treatment with a stable Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score and discharged following treatment) and the unfavorable group (patients who had a drop in GCS motor score of one or more, or expired or underwent surgical intervention) within 72 h following traumatic brain injury. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
  • The mechanism and classification of open-globe injury may also vary by age. (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms of an open-globe injury include eye pain, foreign body sensation, eye redness, and blurry or double vision. (wikipedia.org)
  • When examining a known or suspected open-globe injury, it is vital to avoid applying pressure to the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • Slit lamp exam findings like decreased anterior chamber depth or damage to posterior chamber structures indicate open-globe injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of eye protection has helped to reduce the number and severity of eye injuries. (aafp.org)
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage of this severity should raise suspicion of occult globe rupture. (medscape.com)
  • threats for whom the Gustaf is a potential view The Stories of Richard Bausch blast very could refine destined to a civilian dissemination of accuracy People in mechanism over a severity of devices or injuries. (hotel-mainlust.de)
  • Explosive ocular injuries at work place are commonly reported worldwide with an adverse impact on the economic status of the family members. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the globe's position within the orbit protects it from injury in many situations, damage to the posterior segment of the eye is associated with a very high frequency of permanent visual loss. (medscape.com)
  • Globe rupture and posterior segment injury have always been associated with a high frequency of visual loss. (medscape.com)
  • Higher frequency waves penetrate less into tissue but have better resolution. (eyewiki.org)
  • In contrast, lower frequency waves penetrate more deeply but have worse resolution. (eyewiki.org)
  • Globe rupture is more common than eyewall lacerations in older patients, with ground-level falls the most common mechanism in those over 75 years of age. (wikipedia.org)
  • No racial predilection exists for globe rupture. (medscape.com)
  • Globe rupture typically occurs at a younger age in men (median age, 36 y) than in women (median age, 73 y). (medscape.com)
  • A high percentage of globe rupture occurrences are in adolescent boys. (medscape.com)
  • Some of the common injuries are caused by sparklers and bombs along with 'Chakra' crackers which also cause eye injuries. (poremurasutv.com)
  • The most prevalent use of ocular ultrasonography is to obtain globe length in order to calculate corrective intraocular lens power requirements. (eyewiki.org)
  • The team physician must know which injuries require immediate referral to an ophthalmologist and the guidelines for returning an athlete to competition. (aafp.org)
  • If there is any history or signs of globe injury with violation of ocular contents, a plastic or metal shield should be placed, and an ophthalmologist should be called urgently. (medscape.com)
  • Scan QR Code to Download Eye Patient App. (eyepatient.net)
  • Note the occupation of the patient, because certain people exposed to metals may have penetrating globe injuries. (medscape.com)
  • This case report aims at investigating whether two consecutive surgical settings would be beneficial in achieving postoperative success for the patient with blast eye injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A 45-year-old male patient admitted on 17th October 2011 with history of blast eye injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The patient must be able to stare without moving the eye during foreign body removal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because the eye is a superficial fluid filled structure, ultrasound is an easy to use modality for visualization of ocular pathology and anatomy [1] . (eyewiki.org)
  • A slit lamp exam allows a detailed inspection of the conjunctiva and sclera and improves the detection of globe injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Especially to some high power, diffuse light probably damage the eyes, the focus are more likely to ignite flammable materials. (laserpointerpro.com)
  • Sports have become increasingly popular and account for numerous eye injuries each year. (aafp.org)
  • Sports and recreational activities are becoming increasingly popular and account for more than 40,000 eye injuries each year in the United States. (aafp.org)
  • Increasingly, we hear about sustenance being withdrawn within days of a serious brain injury. (typepad.com)
  • Include a detailed history with questions regarding recent sports activities, makeup application, excessive rubbing of the eyes, use of contact lenses (including poorly fitting lenses and duration of use), and motor vehicle accidents. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusions: Electromobile accidents have become the leading cause of injury instead of the motor vehicle accidents because of changes in lifestyle. (researchsquare.com)
  • An inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the white part of the eye. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • Although the view The Stories of Richard Bausch introduces these much present designs, first casualties will not, Secondary possible common injuries, compromise the acid of Protecting as the Emergency and surgery acts for the research of factors, threats, injuries, teeth, and energy injuries. (hotel-mainlust.de)
  • All mechanisms of injury were more prevalent in males except domestic falls, where a majority of patients were female. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a study by Lee et al, the charts of 62 patients aged 16 years and younger who had been treated for open globe injuries were reviewed. (medscape.com)
  • Patients sometimes complain of a foreign body sensation while keeping the affected eye shut. (medscape.com)
  • Tetanus prophylaxis, eye patching, and antimicrobial therapy for patients with corneal abrasions who present to the emergency department (ED) are reviewed below. (medscape.com)
  • Prophylactic topical antibiotics are given in patients with abrasions from contact lenses, who are at increased risk for infected corneal ulcers, but many emergency physicians have stopped using these agents for minor injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Patching the eye is a traditional measure, but it is not supported by research and should not be performed in patients at high risk of eye infection. (medscape.com)
  • The black eye is a rectangular grease or adhesive strip that some athletes apply under their eyes, in order to reduce glare from sunlight or artificial light. (icrcat.com)
  • The researchers investigated the vision of the subjects with an eye chart while they were exposed to natural sunlight. (icrcat.com)
  • Examples include corneal or epithelial disease (eg, dry eye), superficial corneal injury or ocular injuries (eg, those due to foreign bodies), and contact lens wear (eg, daily disposable soft lenses, extended-wear soft lenses, gas-permeable lenses, hard polymethylmethacrylate lenses). (medscape.com)
  • 1.6 million people go blind from these injuries, 2.3 million suffer bilateral low vision and 19 million remain with unilateral or low vision. (southsudanmedicaljournal.com)
  • Statistics show that nearly 2000 US workers suffer injury to their eyes at their workplace on a daily basis. (eyelidsbybrown.com)
  • Zone 3- injury involves the sclera, more than 5mm posterior to the limbus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Corneal injuries caused by metallic foreign bodies associated with minimal tissue destruction should be considered clean (ie, non-tetanus-prone) injuries and require boosters within 10 years. (medscape.com)
  • Small foreign bodies may penetrate the eye and remain within the globe. (medscape.com)
  • Perform a visual inspection for foreign objects (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Both upper and lower eyelids should be flipped in order to look for foreign bodies that may be lodged in the upper eyelid, causing injury with eye blinking. (medscape.com)
  • In case of any irritation or foreign body in the eye , hold the eyelids open and flush the eyes continuously with water. (poremurasutv.com)
  • A foreign body is an object in your eye that shouldn't be there, such as a speck of dust, wood chip, metal shaving, insect or piece of glass. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • The common places to find a foreign body are under the eyelid or on the surface of your eye. (floreseyecareclinic.com)
  • Computed ocular tomography showed a retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) in the right eye. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Computed ocular tomography revealed a medium sized intraocular foreign body (IOFB) located probably in the vitreous cavity of the right eye. (biomedcentral.com)
  • No intraocular foreign bodies were seen in the left eye. (biomedcentral.com)
  • If at any time you suspect the presence of an intraocular foreign body or other penetrating injury, stop the procedure and avoid putting any further pressure on the globe. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If there is any chemical that has entered the eyes, immediately irrigate the eyes and under the eyelids, with water, for 30 minutes. (poremurasutv.com)
  • Chemical products may also cause them when in contact with the eyes. (icrcat.com)
  • Chemical injuries are due to the chemicals in the gunpowder mixed in the crackers. (poremurasutv.com)
  • So people wearing contact lenses should be doubly cautious while bursting crackers .In a nutshell, the damage to the eye by a cracker depends on the velocity of the cracker or the intensity with which it hits the eye, chemical reaction in the eye and thermal burns. (poremurasutv.com)
  • Penetrating eye lacerations due to pellet-gun, sport, motor vehicle, or fight-related injuries are more common in adolescent males. (wikipedia.org)
  • CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)