Obese humans glucose uptake adipose tissue fatty acids. Medical search. Frequent questions

In addition, CD11c + ATMs were enriched for mitochondria and for RNA transcripts encoding mitochondrial, proteasomal, and lysosomal proteins, fatty acid metabolism enzymes, and T-cell chemoattractants, whereas CD11c − ATMs were enriched for transcripts involved in tissue maintenance and repair. (diabetesjournals.org)
The present article discusses how accumulation of triacylglycerol in adipocytes can lead to deterioration of the responsiveness of glucose metabolism in other tissues. (cambridge.org)
While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)
Phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidic acid (PA) jointly regulate mitochondrial membrane architecture and dynamics, with mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) serving as the platform for phospholipid biosynthesis and metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
In contrast to the negative effects of many adipokines, our study identified transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) as an adipokine released from adipose tissue (fat) in response to exercise that actually improves glucose tolerance," says Laurie J. Goodyear, PhD, Head of Joslin's Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism and study co-author. (newswise.com)
Not only did exercise-stimulated TGF-beta 2 improve glucose tolerance, treating obese mice with TGF beta 2 lowered blood lipid levels and improved many other aspects of metabolism. (newswise.com)
TGF-B2 is an Exercise-Induced Adipokine that Regulates Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism. (newswise.com)
To our knowledge this is the first report on identification of a short peptidefrom adiponectin with positive effects on glucose or fatty acid metabolism. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Activation of adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) by its natural ligand, adiponectin has been known to be involved in modulating critical metabolic processes such as glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation as demonstrated by a number of in vitro and in vivo studies over last two decades. (phoenixpeptide.com)
[11] In the fat cells of obese individuals, there is increased production of metabolism modulators, such as glycerol, hormones, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to the development of insulin resistance . (ipfs.io)
A deeper understanding of the effects of these medications on glucose metabolism and their underlying mechanisms of action is crucial for the treatment of diabetic patients with sleep disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
In this review we focus on the bene ﬁ cial impact of sleep on glucose metabolism and suggest a possible strategy for therapeutic intervention against sleep-related metabolic disorders. (vdocuments.mx)
However, it is important to note that some studies have indicated that REM sleep plays an important role in glucose metabolism. (vdocuments.mx)
Treatment with melatonin improves glu- cose metabolism by increasing insulin sensitivity in target tissues in T2D ani- mals. (vdocuments.mx)
2010). Senp2 also regulates fatty acid metabolism in skeletal Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmcb/article-abstract/10/3/258/4763638 by Ed 'DeepDyve' Gillespie user on 26 June 2018 Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1 j 259 muscle (Koo et al. (deepdyve.com)
These nuclear hormone receptors play an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism, and inflammatory responses. (bmindfuloflove.com)
A protein released by fat tissues in response to exercise training acts to improve glucose tolerance and has other beneficial effects on metabolic health, as published in Nature Metabolism. (drdavidbutler.com)
TGF-B2 is indicated to be an adipokine that increases with exercise and promotes glucose and fatty acid metabolism. (drdavidbutler.com)
The team suggest they uncovered a mechanism that underlies the effects of endurance exercise in glucose and lipid metabolism that provides perspective on exploring lactate TGF-B2 signaling axis to counteract obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases, which revolutionizes the way exercise is thought about regarding its many metabolic effects, and that fat plays an role on how exercise works. (drdavidbutler.com)
Accumulated evidence from genetic animal models suggests that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, has a key role in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
The brain modulates various aspects of metabolism, such as food intake, energy expenditure, insulin secretion, hepatic glucose production and glucose/fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (nature.com)
Here we comprehensively review the above topics, discussing the main findings related to the role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of energy and glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
When activated, PPAR-γ up-regulates the transcription of genes mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride storage, promoting adipogenesis and lipids uptake to the adipose tissue [ 17 , 18 ] improving whole body insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
especially in humans as the insulin deficient invariably exhibit some manner of disturbed glucose and lipid metabolism. (blogspot.com)
The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. (springer.com)
More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. (springer.com)
Indeed, it may influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health, i.e. synthesis of micronutrients, defence against pathogens, regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune function [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
Therefore, in this review, we summarized current evidence from observational and intervention studies performed in humans investigating the relationship between the composition of the gut microbiota, concentration of SCFA and glucose metabolism. (springer.com)
Besides their effects on glucose and energy metabolism, adipokines are potent modulators of inflammation. (123dok.org)
is an intermediate, possibly transitional, state between normal glucose metabolism and diabetes mellitus that becomes more common with aging. (msdmanuals.com)
After conducting several cross-sectional surveys with schoolchildren and observing their high prevalence of overweight and other risk factors , supported with scientific evidence, it was decided to carry out intervention programs with this population and evaluate their effects on health parameters, including those associated with glucose metabolism. (bvsalud.org)

OLR1 expression in white adipose tissue is increased in obesity and is further induced by PPARγ ligand treatment in vivo. (jci.org)
It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. (uncg.edu)
Notoginsenosides can treat obesity by reducing lipid synthesis, inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting white adipose tissue browning, increasing energy consumption, and improving insulin sensitivity. (frontiersin.org)
There are two types of adipose tissue, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which are also known as white fat and brown fat , respectively, and comprise two types of fat cells. (ipfs.io)
The mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and lipocalin-2 in white adipose tissue were, respectively, down- and up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
Reduction of PPAR-γ expression and generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by increased lipocalin-2 expression in white adipose tissue may contribute to stress-induced glucose intolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to unveil biological markers that establish the molecular basis of stress-induced glucose intolerance, with a special emphasis on the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). (biomedcentral.com)
Most of the lipid reserves in the human body are stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) that predominates in adult humans. (biomedcentral.com)
Particularly well developed in humans is white adipose tissue (WAT), a major meta- bolic and secretory organ. (123dok.org)

Insulin resistance and other features of the metabolic syndrome have been causally linked to adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in mice with diet-induced obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
We aimed to characterize macrophage phenotype and function in human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue in relation to insulin resistance in obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
These findings identify proinflammatory CD11c + ATMs as markers of insulin resistance in human obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Adipose tissue in obesity becomes refractory to suppression of fat mobilization by insulin, and also to the normal acute stimulatory effect of insulin on activation of lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage). (cambridge.org)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance and effective approaches to nutrition (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids intake) might improve the cardiometabolic risk profile. (frontiersin.org)
The global prevalence of obesity almost tripled between 1975 and 2016, with 39% of adults classified as overweight and 13% as obese ( Collaboration, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
Caloric restriction increases lifespan in a number of species, and obesity has a negative association with longevity in humans and dogs. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
One potential benefit of fenugreek is improving elevated blood glucose and lipid levels associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes and obesity. (lww.com)
This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)
Enhanced sympathetic tone, desyn- chronization of tissue circadian clocks, abnormal secretion of hormones, and obesity are relevant to insulin resistance during sleep disturbances. (vdocuments.mx)
Ectopic obesity is defined as the accumulation of triglycerides in non-adipose tissues [6]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
In this study, we observed the overexpression of SUMO-speci﫿c protease 2 (Senp2) in adipose tissues during obesity. (deepdyve.com)
In this report, you will discover how the alpha lipoic acid benefits vital cellular energy while shielding against and possibly reversing the damaging effects of disorders that include diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. (lifeextension.com)
In addition to its anti-diabetic effects, lipoic acid has a known ability to help combat obesity. (lifeextension.com)
Several other promising scientific studies now show that lipoic acid has a beneficial effect on a number of the factors involved in metabolic syndrome: it reduces triglyceride levels, lowers cholesterol, improves fasting plasma glucose, and causes weight loss in rodent models of obesity. (lifeextension.com)
Alterations of endocannabinoid system in adipose tissue play an important role in lipid regulation and metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Transforming growth factor-beta 2 therapy was observed to improve glucose tolerance in model mice of diet induced obesity in subsequent investigations. (drdavidbutler.com)
Abnormal deposition of fat in the adipose tissue due to chronic over nutrition or reduced physical activity or hereditary reasons is called as obesity [1]. (oatext.com)
In conclusion, we provide a preliminary analysis of miRNAs associated with primary cell in vitro adipogenesis and demonstrate that the inflammation-associated miRNA, mir-21 is up-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue in human obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Human gut microbiota after bariatric surgery alters intestinal morphology and glucose absorption in mice independently of obesity. (ulaval.ca)
Obesity element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase. (cdc.gov)
Obesity was defi ned expression chronically in tissues. (cdc.gov)
lion adults are obese and 2.1 bil ion attributed to obesity. (who.int)
Clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of 3 of 5 conditions: 1) high triglyceride level, 2) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) presence of central obesity (ie, high waist circumference), and 5) high blood pressure ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Elevated levels of uric acid (hyperuricemia) also have implications for the pathogenesis of obesity and have been linked to deteriorated glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes 5 . (bvsalud.org)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is emerging as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, not only because of its capacity for dissipating excess energy via non-shivering thermogenesis, but also because of its implication in physiological and pathophysiological processes. (bvsalud.org)
Lcn2 deficiency disrupts mitochondrial fusion-fission balance and alters the acyl-chain composition of mitochondrial phospholipids in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of male mice. (bvsalud.org)
We studied the effect of cotadutide, a dual agonist glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1)/Glucagon, on interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) remodeling and thermogenesis of obese mice. (bvsalud.org)
The prevailing dogma is that thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to improvements in glucose homeostasis in obesogenic animal models, though much of the evidence supporting this premise is from thermostressed rodents. (diabetesjournals.org)
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), despite its ability to accumulate lipids, has a role not in storing but in converting fat into heat. (biomedcentral.com)
One of the main benefits of the Exipure weight loss formula is its ability to target the levels of brown fat, also known as brown adipose tissue or BAT, within your body. (outlookindia.com)
Where other weight loss supplements are designed to target certain factors, Exipure targets the body's level of brown adipose tissue. (outlookindia.com)
Another major adipose tissue subtype, brown adipose tissue, is present around kidneys, adrenals, and aorta, as well as within the mediastinum and neck. (123dok.org)
In adult humans, brown adipose tissue is very scarce and probably not functional. (123dok.org)

The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
The action of antidiabetic plants of the Canadian James Bay Cree traditional pharmacopeia on key enzymes of hepatic glucose homeostasis ") report the antidiabetic action of seven Canadian plants as evidenced by glucose-6-phosphatase and glycogen synthase, two key enzymes, respectively, involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis in hepatocytes. (hindawi.com)
The multivariable linear regression model was applied to analyze the associations of dietary and serum omega-3 fatty acids with the levels of Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and body composition parameters among PCOS patients. (frontiersin.org)
In his study, Glucose homeostasis is strongly linked to Neuropeptide, which falls under the umbrella field of Hypothalamus. (research.com)
The Ghrelin study combines topics in areas such as Adipose tissue, Adipocyte, Glucose uptake, Deoxyglucose and Glucose homeostasis. (research.com)
Thus, an adequate quantity of sleep is important for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. (vdocuments.mx)
Excess or insuf﫿cient lipid storage in generation of the intermediate species of diacylglycerol (DAG) adipose tissues would impair nutrient homeostasis, which is and monoacylglycerol (MAG) (Young and Zechner, 2013). (deepdyve.com)
The resemblance between the metabolic abnormalities of these extreme states of adiposity underscores the importance of fat tissue in energy homeostasis. (medscape.com)
Highly coordinated interactions between the brain and peripheral metabolic organs are critical for the maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)

For example, lipin-1 is the major PAP in adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle since lipin-1-deficient mice had little if any detectable PAP activity [2]. (aocs.org)
We also found that ADP-1 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in an adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1 (APPL1)-dependent pathway and stimulates glucose uptake in rat skeletal muscle cells (L-6 myotubes). (phoenixpeptide.com)
REV-ERB is a family of proteins that are found in skeletal muscle, liver, brain, and adipose tissue. (bmindfuloflove.com)
This effect was also extended to metabolic genes found in the liver, skeletal muscle, and fat tissue, changing their circadian expression and causing them to use up more energy. (bmindfuloflove.com)
Additional in vivo investigations of transforming growth factor-beta 2 treatments stimulated a variety of similar beneficial metabolic effects including reversing detrimental effects of HFF on glucose tolerance, glucose and fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle, and modulation of macrophages. (drdavidbutler.com)
It is an insulin sensitizer with a major effect in the stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. (medscape.com)
It decreases hepatic glucose output and increases insulin-dependent glucose use in skeletal muscle and, possibly, in liver and adipose tissue. (medscape.com)

Tissue culture medium conditioned by CD11c + ATMs, but not CD11c − ATMs or other stromovascular cells, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by human adipocytes. (diabetesjournals.org)
TZDs markedly stimulate the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) into adipocytes, and this requires OLR1. (jci.org)
Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. (uncg.edu)
Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. (uncg.edu)
The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. (uncg.edu)
Adipocytes , also known as lipocytes and fat cells , are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue , specialized in storing energy as fat . (ipfs.io)
Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into adipocytes, connective tissue , muscle or bone . (ipfs.io)
Interestingly, individuals who become obese as adults, rather than as adolescents, have no more adipocytes than they had before. (ipfs.io)
2003). Selective Cellular uptake of fatty acids and following storage in the form of disruption of Pparγ2 or adipocyte-speci﫿c Pparγ knockout leads TGs in adipocytes are key steps in lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)
So with the LIRKO mouse the hyperinsulinemia should "trap" fatty acids in the adipocytes and this mouse should be fat. (blogspot.com)
Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to the classic brown adipocytes, a different type of brown fat cells seems to exist in tissues where WAT predominates. (biomedcentral.com)
Metformin reduces hepatic glucose output, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and increases glucose uptake in the peripheral tissues (muscle and adipocytes). (medscape.com)

This view of the link between adipose tissue and insulin resistance emphasises the important role of adipose tissue in 'buffering' the daily influx of dietary fat entering the circulation and preventing excessive exposure of other tissues to this influx. (cambridge.org)

Increased OLR1 expression, resulting either from TZD treatment or adenoviral gene delivery, significantly augments adipocyte cholesterol content and enhances fatty acid uptake. (jci.org)
Analysis of their adipose tissue morphology revealed increases in both adipocyte size and number in most depots. (ipfs.io)
Adipocyte Senp2 de﫿ciency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feed- ing. (deepdyve.com)
Although less fat stor- adqcKO pose lipid storage in adipocyte-speci﫿c Senp2 knockout mice fed age was shown in Senp2 adipose tissues, the increased with high-fat diets (HFD). (deepdyve.com)
Therefore, adipocyte-speci﫿c remain in adipose tissues. (deepdyve.com)

Metabolic markers were measured in fasting serum and ATMs characterized by immunohistology, flow cytometry, and tissue culture studies. (diabetesjournals.org)
Two years ago, the international research team first demonstrated that adipose tissue offers beneficial metabolic effects in response to exercise. (newswise.com)
The experiment showed a number of positive metabolic effects in the mice, including improved glucose tolerance and increased fatty acid uptake. (newswise.com)
In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. (uncg.edu)
I guess, I better stop preaching now and get to the nitty gritty of the latest study on the effects of a high fat vs. low fat diet on short-term (2-days) metabolic adaptations in lean (BMI 19-25kg/m²) and obese (BMI 30-40kg/m²) human subjects. (blogspot.com)
30,31 Lipoic acid has been particularly effective in reducing body weight and BMI in patients taking antipsychotics, which are known for causing weight gain and other metabolic disturbances. (lifeextension.com)
Lipoic acid displays striking benefits in components of metabolic syndrome, including inducing weight loss, improving insulin resistance, and lowering blood pressure. (lifeextension.com)
Dr. Burris' team found that the compound had metabolic effects, as obese mice using the compound lost weight. (bmindfuloflove.com)
treatment using the adipokine was found to reduce blood lipid levels in obese mice, and reversed detrimental metabolic effects of a high fat diet in diabetic animals. (drdavidbutler.com)
The brain integrates metabolic signals from peripheral tissues such as the liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, gut and muscle. (nature.com)
Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. (springer.com)
Consistent gut bacterial and short-chain fatty acid signatures in hypoabsorptive bariatric surgeries correlate with metabolic benefits in rats. (ulaval.ca)
analyses, as well as others (8-11), support the hypothesis that adipose tissue-secreted factors may indeed be potent modulators of inflammation-related disorders such as obe- sity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid-associated (Graves') ophthalmopathy, breast cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (123dok.org)
Participants were designated as having metabolic syndrome if they met criteria for 3 of 5 variables: 1) high blood pressure, 2) low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) high waist circumference, and 5) high triglyceride level. (cdc.gov)
Overweight youth are more susceptible to metabolic disorders, since the accumulation of body fat, especially in the abdominal region, generates an increase in fatty acids circulating in the bloodstream, which consequently impairs insulin signaling and leads to a reduction in sensitivity of receptors and tissue response to cellular actions that are mediated by this hormone 1,3,4 . (bvsalud.org)

So far, three different transcription variants (TVs) have been described for CK1δ in humans (Homo sapiens), mice (Mus musculus), and rats (Rattus norvegicus), which are highly homologous. (wikipedia.org)
The shortest group of sequences consists of 409 amino acids: TV2 in humans and rats, CRAc in mice. (wikipedia.org)
The longest variant consists of 428 amino acids in rat (TV3) and mice (CRAb), while the human (TV3) variant is missing the second to last amino acid (threonine), resulting in a protein of a length of 427 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
Lcn2 KO male mice exhibit an increase in the levels of CLs containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), a decrease in CLs containing monounsaturated fatty acids, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
S. H. Kim and coworkers (" Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract exerts antidiabetic effects via AMPK and PPAR- both in vitro and in vivo in mice fed a high-fat diet ") indicate that the ethanol extract of the peel of Citrus junos in vitro stimulates glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells. (hindawi.com)
After performing experiments in both humans and mice, the researchers found that exercise training causes dramatic changes to fat. (newswise.com)
To do so, they ran a series of molecular experiments in both humans and mice. (newswise.com)
Their analysis identified TGF beta 2 as one of the proteins upregulated in exercise in humans and mice. (newswise.com)
We used loss- and gain-of-function approaches including genetic manipulation of the lipolytic enzyme Pnpla2 , change in environmental temperature, and lifestyle interventions to comprehensively test the premise that a thermogenic-like BAT phenotype is coupled with enhanced glucose tolerance in female mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mice lacking lipin-1 ( fld or fatty liver dystrophy) develop fatty livers and hypertriglyceridemia in the pre-weaning period, and are also devoid of mature adipose tissue [reviewed in 1]. (aocs.org)
Of note, ADP-1 decreased blood glucose levels and enhanced insulin production in pancreatic β cells in db/db mice. (phoenixpeptide.com)
results suggest in mice and humans prolonged exercise training led to increased levels of TGF-B2 mRNA in the scWAT. (drdavidbutler.com)
Inflammatory marker levels that were high in the obese mice returned to normal levels as a result of TGF-B2 therapy. (drdavidbutler.com)
Gut microbiota-based vaccination engages innate immunity to improve blood glucose control in obese mice. (ulaval.ca)

The amount of free fatty acids that are released into the circulation from the liver and the adipose tissue, on the other hand, rises. (blogspot.com)
REV-ERB proteins can be found in your liver, fat tissues, and muscles. (bmindfuloflove.com)
Patients suffering from lipodystrophies experience reduced body fat, severe insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypoleptinemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (medscape.com)
Free fatty acids (FFAs) delivered to liver via the portal vein result in fatty liver. (oatext.com)
Almost all studies highlighted the beneficial effects of this beverage against liver fibrosis with the most solid results indicating a pivot role for both caffeine and chlorogenic acids. (mdpi.com)

The short chain fatty acid propionate stimulates GLP-1 and PYY secretion via free fatty acid receptor 2 in rodents. (research.com)
Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas (within 20 minutes of oral administration), which, in turn, reduces blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)

In a healthy person, excess fat is stored as triglycerides in the adipose tissue, and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream only in response to an increased energy requirement, for example, during fasting. (jci.org)

If we now take a look at the blood lipids (cf. figure 2 ), i.e. the free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels, on the different diets, we see a "phenomenon" low-carbers know all to well. (blogspot.com)
16-20 In a recent placebo-controlled clinical trial, researchers found that after only 6 months of lipoic acid supplementation, patients with type II diabetes had reduced fasting blood glucose and lowered levels of oxidized lipids. (lifeextension.com)
SR9011 works by regulating certain protein functions, including lipids, glucose levels, and removes dead cells. (bmindfuloflove.com)

Sleep disturbances have been implicated in the dysregulation of blood glucose levels and reported to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications. (vdocuments.mx)
These agents reduce blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether gene expression levels of cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are different in subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue, and whether hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise influence subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese women. (biomedcentral.com)
There are depot differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue endocannabinoid system gene expression in obese individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, we tested the hypothesis that there is depot difference in subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression, and caloric restriction and aerobic exercise training alter subcutaneous adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression in obese older women. (biomedcentral.com)
The expression of 10 adipogenesis-regulated miRNAs were studied using real-time qPCR and then we selected 5 miRNAs, that showed robust expression, were profiled in subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from 20 humans with a range of body mass indices (BMI, range = 21-48, and all samples have U133+2 Affymetrix profiles provided). (biomedcentral.com)

Adipose tissue was obtained from lean and obese women undergoing bariatric surgery. (diabetesjournals.org)
Serum oxLDL levels are decreased in both lean and obese diabetic animals treated with TZDs. (jci.org)
Neutering: Most likely related to the influence of sex hormones on appetite, exercise, and perhaps, most important, loss of lean body mass (metabolically active tissue). (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
Lean dogs live, on average, 1.8 years longer than obese dogs. (todaysveterinarypractice.com)
Both, lean and obese subjects showed almost identical responses with regard to their 24h kcal expenditure and substrate utilization (cf. figure 1 ). (blogspot.com)
Most prominent among these was the profound increases in 24h fat oxidation (+88% in the lean and +109% in the obese subjects) in the high fat groups that was yet accompanied by a -26% (lean) and -37% (obese) reduction in carbohydrate oxidation. (blogspot.com)
Recent studies based on a pangenomic approach in human subcu- taneous WAT revealed that a panel of inflammatory molecules was upregulated in obese compared to lean subjects (ref. 12 and references therein). (123dok.org)
500 persons, 30% of obese persons and 11% of lean persons The Patient had antibodies to Adv 36 ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)

The prevalence of individuals who are overweight or obese is rising rapidly globally. (frontiersin.org)
Individuals with excess fat accumulation that can impair health are called overweight or obese. (frontiersin.org)
Thirty overweight or obese, middle-aged women (BMI = 34.3 ± 0.8 kg/m 2 , age = 59 ± 1 years) underwent one of three 20-week weight loss interventions: caloric restriction only (CR, N = 9), caloric restriction plus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (CRM, 45-50% HRR, N = 13), or caloric restriction plus vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (CRV, 70-75% HRR, N = 8). (biomedcentral.com)

Lipoic acid's benefits in diabetic neuropathy-and in diabetes as a whole-arise from its striking ability to dramatically improve glucose control and restore insulin sensitivity. (lifeextension.com)

Furthermore, two intermediates in this pathway, phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol, serve as essential precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids. (aocs.org)
The functions of the lipins in co-regulating the effects of PGC-1α and PPARα and also acting as a PAP demonstrate the unique abilities of lipins to regulate both glycerolipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
Some studies suggest that an increase in plasma fatty acid concentration reduces glucose uptake and phosphorylation, and this leads to reduced glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation. (heraldopenaccess.us)
PPARα activates fatty acid catabolism, stimulates gluconeogenesis and ketone body synthesis and is involved in the control of lipoprotein assembly [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

Lipins also act in the nucleus as transcriptional co-activators with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α to regulate target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. (aocs.org)
PGC-1α and PPARα are both master regulators of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, respectively [reviewed in 6]. (aocs.org)
Carnitine plays a role in the transfer of long chain fatty acids from cytoplasm to mitochondria for beta-oxidation. (heraldopenaccess.us)
L-carnitine supplementation decreases serum glucose but has no effect on glucose oxidation [11]. (heraldopenaccess.us)

According to the Joslin Diabetes Center research team animal total body mass was observed not change while being treated, treatment was linked with reduced adipose tissue mass, lower total fat, and visceral fat as a percentage of body weight. (drdavidbutler.com)
Adv 36 DNA persists in multiple tissues of infected sition of visceral fat disproportional to total fat deposition animals for long periods after initial infection ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

Björntorp , P ( 1994 ) Fatty acids, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance: which comes first? (cambridge.org)
The current study evaluated whether this dietary intervention could ameliorate hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS.Obese women with PCOS (BMI 39 ± 7 kg/m(2)) and insulin resistance completed a crossover study (Stanford University Clinical Research Center) comparing two isocaloric diets, prepared by research dietitians, containing 60% CHO/25% fat versus 40% CHO/45% fat (both 15% protein and ≤7% saturated fat). (stanford.edu)
Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors regulate insulin-responsive gene transcription involved in glucose production, transport, and use, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations and reducing hyperinsulinemia. (medscape.com)

Lipodystrophy, lack of adipose tissue, is also associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
Increased plasma free fatty acid concentration is associated with insulin resistance. (heraldopenaccess.us)

After sequencing and characterization of the gene, the construct was described as a 1284 nucleotide sequence resulting in a protein consisting of 428 amino acids after transcription. (wikipedia.org)
The human CSNK1D contains 1245 nucleotides and is transcribed into a protein consisting of 415 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
Sleep disorders are treated using anti-insomnia drugs that target ionotropic and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including g -aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, melatonin agonists, and orexin receptor antagonists. (vdocuments.mx)
Furthermore, we analysed the 5'-flanking region of the human adipose differentiation-related protein ( adrp ) gene that responded to all subtypes of PPARs. (biomedcentral.com)

Alternanthera sessilis red ethyl acetate fraction exhibits antidiabetic potential on obese type 2 diabetic rats ") report that, despite their inability to identify active compounds, they observed that ethyl acetate fraction of Alternanthera sessilis ameliorated T2D via increased insulin content and decreased insulin resistance. (hindawi.com)
Further genome-wide association studies in obese and diabetic Arab populations could add to our understanding of the pathophysiology, prevention and reversal of this disease. (who.int)
Significant research into lipoic acid has centered on its benefits in diabetic neuropathy . (lifeextension.com)
11 However, doctors in Germany have used lipoic acid for more than a decade to reduce pain and inflammation in those suffering from diabetic peripheral neuropathy. (lifeextension.com)
Over 15 randomized clinical studies have shown that intravenous administration of 300-600 mg of lipoic acid a day greatly improves nerve function and relieves pain symptoms in diabetic neuropathy patients. (lifeextension.com)
Lipoic acid increases the abundance of other protective antioxidants while improving mitochondrial function and preventing glycation-induced damage in the kidney and blood vessels of those with diabetes-thus defending against diabetic kidney disease, vision loss, and vascular dysfunction. (lifeextension.com)
The conclusion is that prescription of stevia in the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d decreases the omentin level indirectly via activating insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. (researchgate.net)

This study aimed to examine the associations of dietary and serum omega-3 fatty acids with insulin resistance (IR) and body composition among PCOS patients. (frontiersin.org)
Serum omega-3 fatty acid levels were measured with the gas chromatography method. (frontiersin.org)
We observed here that ADP-1 is stable in human serum and oligomerizes in aqueous environments. (phoenixpeptide.com)
Serum transforming growth factor-beta 2 levels were observed to have decreased in animals given lactate lowering agents over 11 days among animals of voluntary wheel running, lactate inhibition blunted effects of exercise training on glucose tolerance. (drdavidbutler.com)
In addition, following CUS, fasting insulin levels were increased and were accompanied by signs of impaired glucose tolerance and elevated serum corticosteroid levels. (biomedcentral.com)

It reduces hepatic glucose output, may decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and may increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. (medscape.com)

Animals exhibited robust improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after being fed high fat diets for 6 weeks and then treated using TGF-B2 for 9 days. (drdavidbutler.com)

These changes are thought to be caused by the action causes adipogenesis in animals and humans. (cdc.gov)

For almost two decades, scientists have known that lipoic acid offers an effective solution to mitochondrial dysfunction. (lifeextension.com)
Fortunately, you don't need to wait for Big Pharma to develop a synthetic, costly version of lipoic acid in order to combat mitochondrial dysfunction . (lifeextension.com)

Aside from blood glucose, this fraction reduced blood triglyceride and free fatty acids. (hindawi.com)
Insulin is doing its job and NEFA (circulating free fatty acids) are considerably depressed (40%) in the LIRKO mouse. (blogspot.com)

The hungry-looking slightly overweight to morbidly obese people will pick up the aforementioned "0.00001% fat, reduced sugar whatever " with the Weight Watchers sticker on it, look at the price-tag, sigh and put three packets of that stuff into their cart. (blogspot.com)
Even if guidelines are already available to manage anesthesia and surgery of obese patients, the assessment of the perioperative morbidity and mortality from heart and brain disorders in morbidly obese surgical patients will be challenging in the next years. (benthamscience.com)
The present review will recapitulate the new mechanisms underlying the Heart-brain Axis (HBA) vulnerability during the perioperative period in healthy and morbidly obese patients. (benthamscience.com)

Additional investigation confirmed that levels of this one adipokine actually increased in the fat tissue as well as in the bloodstream with exercise, in both cases. (newswise.com)

This situation leads to fat deposition in other tissues. (cambridge.org)

J. Wang and colleagues (" Improvement of liquid fructose-induced adipose tissue insulin resistance by ginger treatment in rats is associated with suppression of adipose macrophage-related proinflammatory cytokines ") show that treatment with ginger extract reduced fructose-induced insulin resistance in rats by suppression of adipose inflammatory cytokines (TNF- , IL-6, MPC-1, CCR-2, etc.) and increased phosphorylation of IRS-2. (hindawi.com)
The overactivation of the sympathetic system and the promotion of a pro-inflammatory state in the adipose tissue [ 8 ] are common features of insulin resistance [ 9 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

A history of 2-3 years of T2DM does not produce irreversible damages to the beta cells, but as long as the energy overload persists through years, irreversible impairment of the beta cells occurs, and insulin is required in order to control plasma glucose [5]. (oatext.com)
Diagnosis is by measuring plasma glucose. (msdmanuals.com)
Intensive control of plasma glucose can prevent or delay many of these complications but may not reverse them once established. (msdmanuals.com)

I ly region 4 gene was transferred to a retrovirus and inserted nfection with human adenovirus 36 (Adv 36) has been into preadipocytes in vitro, the gene was capable of induc- reported to cause a large accumulation of fat in 4 animals ing the enzymes and enhancing fat accumulation ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)

This time with a significantly greater FFA response in the obese individuals (p=0.04) , which does support the hypothesis that a significant amount of the FFAs came from the well-stocked adipose tissue of the obese study participants. (blogspot.com)

Under physiological conditions, the main- PPARγ mutation has been shown to link to familial partial lipody- tenance of normal adipose tissue mass is mainly the result of a strophy, a clinical disorder characterized by the loss of adipose balance of lipid storage and lipolysis (Bouchard et al. (deepdyve.com)
To identify human PPARs-responsive genes, we established tetracycline-regulated human hepatoblastoma cell lines that can be induced to express each human PPAR and investigated the gene expression profiles of these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
PPARγ2, which is generated by alternative splicing, contains an additional 28 amino acids at the N-terminal end relative to PPARγ1. (biomedcentral.com)

Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans. (research.com)
Possible uses in: atherosclerosis, cancer, gallbladder disease (curcumin increases bile acid output over 100%, and greatly increases the solubility of bile - may prevent and treat gall stones), rheumatoid arthritis, general inflammation. (chineseherbinfo.com)
Massive adipose tissue depositions in the abdomen and increased, which results in noninsulin-mediated increases thorax suffi cient to interfere with respiration developed in a patient with multiple medical problems. (cdc.gov)

Our review provides current insights into the mechanisms underlying HBA response in obese surgical patients and how they are modulated by epigenetically active food constituents. (benthamscience.com)
Chronic stress is associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance and cardiovascular diseases, albeit through undefined mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Gut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health. (springer.com)

Aerobic exercise training may preferentially modulate abdominal adipose tissue endocannabinoid-related gene expression during dietary weight loss. (biomedcentral.com)

Insuf﫿cient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. (deepdyve.com)
These results revealed the crucial role of Senp2-Setdb1 axis in controlling adipose lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)

Beneficial changes in lipid profile were also observed.Replacement of dietary CHO with mono/polyunsaturated fat yields clinically important reductions in daylong insulin concentrations, without adversely affecting lipid profile in obese, insulin-resistant women with PCOS. (stanford.edu)

In effect, a wide range of exported secretory proteins, dubbed adipokines, have been identified as constituents of the adipose proteome (adipokinome). (123dok.org)

Adiponectin is a fat tissue-derived adipokine with beneficial effects against diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. (phoenixpeptide.com)

Human investigations suggest that fenugreek can be beneficial as an adjunct in controlling high blood glucose and lipid levels in people with diabetes. (lww.com)
In overweight and obese subjects, depot differences in adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression levels were compared in several studies. (biomedcentral.com)
The intervention program proved to be efficient in reducing waist circumference, HOMA-IR and uric acid levels of overweight adolescents. (bvsalud.org)

Thus, in the postprandial period especially, there is an excess flux of circulating lipid metabolites that would normally have been 'absorbed' by adipose tissue. (cambridge.org)
In lipodystrophy there is insufficient adipose tissue to absorb the postprandial influx of fatty acids, so these fatty acids will again be directed to other tissues. (cambridge.org)
These agents lower postprandial glucose by slowing glucose absorption and delaying the hydrolysis of ingested complex carbohydrates and disaccharide. (medscape.com)

Casein kinase I isoform delta also known as CKI-delta or CK1δ is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene CSNK1D, which is located on chromosome 17 (17q25.3). (wikipedia.org)
Three years later, the same gene was identified in humans. (wikipedia.org)
The whole gene consists of eleven different exons and is located in humans on chromosome 17 at position 17q25.3. (wikipedia.org)
Subcutaneous abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue samples were collected before and after the interventions to measure CB1 and FAAH gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
CRM or CRV alone did not change adipose tissue CB1 and FAAH gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is important to study if gene expression of these important components of the endocannabinoid system are different between abdominal and gluteal subcutaneous fat tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
10%) by diet and exercise could change gene expression of CB1 and FAAH in adipose tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
From the detailed analyses by reporter assays, the EMSAs, and ChIP assays, we determined the functional PPRE of the human adrp gene. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms12

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs123

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes58

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science3

Health Care3

Metabolism31

White adipos9

Obesity25

Brown adipos9

Homeostasis9

Skeletal7

Adipocytes13

Role of adipose tissue1

Adipocyte5

Metabolic15

Mice14

Liver5

Secretion2

Triglycerides1

Lipids3

Blood glucose levels2

Subcutaneous adipose tissue4

Lean8

Overweight or obese3

Improve glucose1

Synthesis5

Oxidation4

Visceral2

Hyperinsulinemia3

Associated With Insulin Resistance2

Protein4

Diabetic7

Serum5

Peripheral1

Tolerance1

Adipogenesis1

Mitochondrial2

Free fatty2

Morbidly obese3

Bloodstream1

Deposition1

Inflammatory2

Plasma glucose3

Accumulation1

Support the hypothesis1

PPAR3

Increases3

Mechanisms3

Modulate1

Lipid storage2

Concentrations1

Proteins1

Adipokine1

Levels3

Postprandial3

Gene8