• The biosynthesis of monoglycosylceramides requires a direct transfer of the carbohydrate moiety from a sugar-nucleotide, such as uridine 5-diphosphate(UDP)-galactose, or UDP-glucose to the ceramide unit. (wikipedia.org)
  • MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of UMP from UDPglucose to galactose 1-phosphate, forming UDPgalactose and glucose 1-phosphate. (doctorinternet.com)
  • 2. Maxwell, E.S. and de Robichon-Szulmajster, H. Purification of uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase from yeast and the identification of protein-bound diphosphopyridine nucleotide. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • An improved method for the isolation of some nucleoside diphosphate sugar from yeast. (neglectedscience.com)
  • A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins , sulfatides and cerebrosides. (lookformedical.com)
  • A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • Otto Warburg noticed that cancer cells utilize far more glucose than normal cells and reprogram their metabolism largely to glycolysis even in oxygen-rich conditions [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is then converted to GlcNAc-1P (N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) by PGM3/AGM1 (phosphoglucomutase) and further to UDP-GlcNAc (uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine) by UAP/AGX1 (UDP-N-acetylhexosamine pyrophosphorylase), utilizing UTP from the nucleotide metabolism pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae upregulated expression of heat shock protein genes under heat stress including HSP70 , HSP27 and CRYAB , their biosynthesis, metabolism and detoxification-related genes expressed differentially. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DEGs between heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae after heat shock were enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sucrose synthase is found, so far, exclusively in plants and cyanobacteria [Energy metabolism, Biosynthesis and degradation of polysaccharides]. (unl.edu)
  • This enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of sucrose 6-phosphate from fructose 6-phosphate and uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose, a key regulatory step of sucrose metabolism. (unl.edu)
  • We first review the basics of microglial metabolism and the effects of common metabolites, such as glucose, lipids, ketone bodies, glutamine, pyruvate and lactate, on microglial inflammatory and phagocytic properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glucose, glutamine, fatty acids, and amino acids are the primary drivers of tumor growth and act as substrates for the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and its end product uridine diphosphate N-acetyl glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) are important regulators of cell signaling that favor tumor promotion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway utilizes up to 2-5% of glucose that enters a non-cancer cell and along with glutamine, acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) and uridine-5′-triphosphate (UTP) are used to produce the amino sugar UDP-GlcNAc [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, the unacclimated larvae also adjusted the spliceosome pathway, whereas the heat-acclimated larvae adjusted the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway when encountering heat stress. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
  • Dolichol monophosphate glucose: an intermediate in glucose transfer in liver. (neglectedscience.com)
  • Glucose transfer from doliochol monophosphate glucose: the product formed with endogenous microsomal acceptor. (neglectedscience.com)
  • These are nucleotides consisting of a purine base linked to a ribose to which one monophosphate group is attached. (ecmdb.ca)
  • Both can be enhanced by providing, concurrently, three circulating compounds present in the diet - uridine (as its monophosphate), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and choline - which can be rate-limiting precursors in membrane phosphatide synthesis. (touchneurology.com)
  • The uridine, as uridine triphosphate (UTP), also activates brain P2Y receptors, which facilitate neuronal differentiation and affect the production of synaptic proteins. (touchneurology.com)
  • Glucose enters the cell and undergoes two-step conversion to fructose-6P (fructose-6-phosphate), after which approximately 95% of it proceeds to glycolysis and 3-5% of it is converted to glucosamine-6P (glucosamine-6-phosphate) by the enzyme GFAT (glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase), utilizing glutamine that enters the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sucrose plus UDP (or ADP) becomes D-fructose plus UDP-glucose (or ADP-glucose), which is then available for cell wall (or starch) biosynthesis. (unl.edu)
  • In his early career at MIT, he worked closely with Luria studying the structure and biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides, including elucidating the structure of bactoprenol and identifying the direction of chain elongation in LPS synthesis in bacteria. (bu.edu)
  • Genes in region A encode enzymes for biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide, and genes in regions B and C are implicated in the translocation of the high molecular weight polysaccharides to the cell surface. (cdc.gov)
  • The deduced amino acid sequences of these ORFs showed a high degree of homology to the deduced amino acid sequences of the rfbC, rfbD, rfbA, and rfbB genes of Salmonella typhimurium LT2, which have been shown to encode a set of enzymes responsible for conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to dTDP-rhamnose. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Like most enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, MurD constitutes an attractive target for the design and synthesis of new antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • 2',3'-O-Carbonyl derivatives of uridine and 6-azauridine. (cas.cz)
  • Since the HBP utilizes major macromolecules such as nucleotides, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids to produce UDP-GlcNAc, cells may use it as a 'sensor' of energy availability that influences a large number of functional targets that contribute to cancer phenotypes (Fig. 2 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position. (lookformedical.com)
  • For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • The protein structure available for this family has the GTB topology, one of the two protein topologies observed for nucleotide-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases. (unl.edu)
  • With E. Cabib first demonstrated the participation of UDPG in the biosynthesis of disaccharides in J. Am. Chem. (neglectedscience.com)
  • Molecular mechanisms involved in N. meningitidis capsule biosynthesis have also been identified, and genes involved in this process and in cell surface translocation are clustered at a single chromosomal locus termed cps . (cdc.gov)
  • Serogroup-specific capsule biosynthesis genes located in region A have been published for serogroup X, and nucleotide sequences for serogroups E, L, and Z have been submitted to GenBank (accession nos. (cdc.gov)
  • knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cell wall biosynthesis in aspergillus spp. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • In this review, we discuss the key differences in the structural features of xylans across diverse plant species, how these features affect their interactions with cellulose and lignin, and recent developments in understanding their biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • Furthermore, our data suggested that cold-seep tubeworm is capable of de novo sterol biosynthesis, as well as incorporation and transformation of cycloartenol and lanosterol into unconventional sterols, and the critical enzyme involved in this process might have properties similar to those in the enzymes from plants or fungi. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prominent & Leading Wholesaler from Mumbai, we offer adenine (cas number: 73-24-5), adenine sulphate (adenine hemisulfate) (cas number: 321-30-2), adenosine (cas number: 58-61-7), adenosine-5-diphosphate, potassium salt (adp-k) (cas number: 72696-48-1), adenosine-5-diphosphate disodium salt (adp-2na) (cas number: 16178-48-6) and adenosine-5-triphosphate disodium salt (atp-2na) (cas number: 34369-07-8). (innovativechem.net)
  • Gluconeogenesis, a pathway for glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrate substances, begins with the synthesis of oxaloacetate (OA) from pyruvate and intermediates of citric acid cycle in hepatocyte mitochondria. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rather, it requires externally derived nucleotides for DNA and RNA synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We propose that isotopically labeled CO 2 is incorporated into plant-derived carbon and then into the DNA of rhizosphere organisms capable of nucleotide synthesis, and the nucleotides are recycled into Saccharibacterial genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Either the UDPGal binding site is sterically restricted at the equatorial 4' position for any group larger than a proton, or the formation of a specific hydrogen bond with an axial 4'-hydroxyl group conformationally "signals" the active site to catalyze the scission at the 1' position and subsequent transfer to the carbohydrate acceptor (glucose or GlcNAc). (docksci.com)
  • Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
  • As the fruit passes through various stages of growth and maturity, the variations in fruit color are observed due to biosynthesis and degradation of pigments in developing fruits. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The flux/metabolite profiling, biomass composition analysis, and genetic modification results elucidate a highly effective metabolic topology for CO 2 assimilatory and biosynthesis in Synechococcus 2973. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Summary Bovine galactosyl transferase was found to utilize UDPgiucose as a substrate and elicit disaccharide biosynthesis with glucose and N-acetylglucosamine as acceptors. (docksci.com)
  • Periplasmic glucan biosynthesis protein [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • protein_coding" "Cz05g23010.t1","No alias","Chromochloris zofingiensis","4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The relative rate of giucosyl transferase with N-acetylglucosamine as acceptor was 0.3%, the rate for N-acetyllactosamine biosynthesis. (docksci.com)
  • In direct experiments with radioactive UDPgiucose, paper chromatography showed a product which migrated with cellobiose when glucose was the acceptor and a new, glucose-containing product which resulted when GlcNAc was the acceptor. (docksci.com)
  • Complete nucleotide sequences of cps loci encoding serogroups A-C, W, and Y have been elucidated. (cdc.gov)
  • Serogroup-specific capsule biosynthesis genes located in region A have been published for serogroup X, and nucleotide sequences for serogroups E, L, and Z have been submitted to GenBank (accession nos. (cdc.gov)
  • To achieve metrics required for commercialization, cyanobacterial photo-biorefineries must have comparable biosynthesis capability to commonly used heterotrophic organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most nucleotide-sugar transporter in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of eukaryotic cells are members of the DMT superfamily ( Song 2013 ). (tcdb.org)
  • They have been shown to be important virulence factors in a number of Gram-negative pathogens and to be involved in the biosynthesis of different polysaccharide structures. (nih.gov)
  • The GT-A glycosyltransferase glucosyl-3-phosphoglycerate synthase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtGpgS) catalyzes the first step of biosynthesis of 6-O-methylglucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLPs), which are essential to growth and existence of mycobacterium. (ua.edu)
  • The GT-B glycosyltransferase MshA from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgMshA) catalyzes the initial step of mycothiol biosynthesis. (ua.edu)
  • The HDX-MS data revealed that the two substrates UDP-glucose (UDPG) and 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) can bind to MtGpgS independently, disagreeing with the previous proposal that 3PGA can only bind to MtGpgS after UDPG. (ua.edu)
  • The HDX-MS data showed that both substrates uridine diphosphate glucose-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and 1-L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate (I1P) can bind to CgMshA independently, but the I1P binding is not productive since it binds to an uncorrect site. (ua.edu)
  • A large conformational change was observed in CgMshA on nucleotide binding by superimposing APO structure of CgMshA and complex structure with UDP. (ua.edu)