Nucleic rna nucleotidyltransferases. Medical search. Frequent questions

RNA-binding protein;RNA degradosome binding protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein is essential for type I interferon-mediated immunity to RNA virus infection. (umassmed.edu)

The catalytic subunit of NCLDV PAPs contains two topologically identical subdomains with a nucleotidyltransferase fold, suggesting that an ancestral duplication was at the origin of these viral PAPs. (nih.gov)
RNA Polymerase binding involves the α subunit recognizing the upstream element (-40 to -70 base pairs) in DNA, as well as the σ factor recognizing the -10 to -35 region. (wikidoc.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of both RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III complexes. (nih.gov)

Largest and catalytic component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. (nih.gov)
The RNAi machinery has also been implicated in the processing and function of microRNAs, a class of endogenous small RNAs that regulate gene expression by translational repression or mRNA cleavage. (unl.edu)
and help to spatially segregate the viral RNA genome's competing functions as an mRNA for viral protein synthesis, a template for viral RNA synthesis, and a substrate for encapsidation. (elifesciences.org)
Messenger RNA (mRNA)-template for the synthesis of proteins by ribosomes . (wikidoc.org)

Second largest core component of RNA polymerase I which synthesizes ribosomal RNA precursors. (nih.gov)
Common component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. (nih.gov)

Primase catalyzes the synthesis of a short RNA (or DNA in some living organisms) segment called a primer complementary to a ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) template. (wikipedia.org)
Its ligands include: 5'-triphosphorylated SINGLE-STRANDED RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED RNA (dsRNA), and short dsRNA (less than 1 kb in length). (nih.gov)
Bacteriophages whose genetic material is RNA, which is single-stranded in all except the Pseudomonas phage phi 6 (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). (lookformedical.com)
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. (lookformedical.com)
JEV is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus whose genome consists of a single-stranded RNA molecule of approximately 11 kb. (biomedcentral.com)
The positive-strand (+ss) RNA viruses, i.e. viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome of the same polarity as mRNAs, constitute the large majority of known plant viruses, and also include major human and animal pathogens. (beds.ac.uk)

S1 RNA binding domain, Ribonuclease E/G family, Polyribonucleotide phosphorylase C terminal [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)

Primase is activated by the helicase where it then synthesizes a short RNA primer approximately 11 ±1 nucleotides long, to which new nucleotides can be added by DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
The primase-helicase complex is used to unwind dsDNA (double-stranded) and synthesizes the lagging strand using RNA primers The majority of primers synthesized by primase are two to three nucleotides long. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of the RNA synthesis initiation site using the 3'-end 83 nucleotides of the JEV genome as a minimal RNA template revealed that the NS5 protein specifically initiates RNA synthesis from an internal site, U 81 , at the two nucleotides upstream of the 3'-end of the template. (biomedcentral.com)

It functions as an innate immune receptor through its recognition of viral nucleic acids. (nih.gov)
The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid. (lookformedical.com)

Once optimal growth conditions are restored tRNAs are rapidly repaired by the trypanosome tRNA nucleotidyltransferase thus rendering the recycled tRNAs amenable for translation. (nih.gov)

It is a key component of the viral RNA replicase complex that presumably includes other viral nonstructural and cellular proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
These viruses replicate their RNA genomes in novel, membrane-bounded mini-organelles, but the organization of viral proteins and RNAs in these compartments has been largely unknown. (elifesciences.org)
The structural organization of viral RNAs and proteins at such membrane-associated sites of RNA replication has been largely unknown. (elifesciences.org)

Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I (pol I) is responsible for the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and production of rRNA, the primary component of ribosomes. (nih.gov)
In eukaryotic cells, the processing of the long, polycistronic ribosomal RNA precursor (pre-rRNA) involves a series of events that begin co-transcriptionally and occur simultaneously with ribosome assembly to ensure timely and accurate formation of the ribosomes [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The primary rRNA transcript (35S in budding yeast, 47S in humans) is synthesized by RNA polymerase I (Pol I) and contains 5.8S, 18S and 25S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), as well as external and internal transcribed spacers (5′ETS, 3′ETS, ITS1, ITS2), which are removed during processing in a coordinated manner. (biomedcentral.com)
The additional 5S rRNA is synthesized independently by the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The most prominent examples of RNA genes are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), both of which are involved in the process of translation. (wikidoc.org)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) appears to be the trigger at the heart of these processes and it can induce, in different eukaryotes, a variety of outcomes such as the degradation of homologous RNAs, translation repression, or heterochromatin formation. (unl.edu)

A DEAD-box RNA helicase that contains an N-terminal DEATH-LIKE DOMAIN, AAA+ ATPase domain, and C-terminal RNA HELICASE activity. (nih.gov)

In addition to priming DNA during replication, AEP enzymes may have additional functions in the DNA replication process, such as polymerization of DNA or RNA, terminal transfer, translesion synthesis (TLS), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and possibly in restarting stalled replication forks. (wikipedia.org)
The biochemical properties of JEV NS5 have not been characterized due to the lack of a robust in vitro RdRp assay system, and the molecular mechanisms for the initiation of RNA synthesis by JEV NS5 remain to be elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
The purified NS5 protein, but not the mutant NS5 protein with an Ala substitution at the first Asp of the RdRp-conserved GDD motif, exhibited template- and primer-dependent RNA synthesis activity using a poly(A) RNA template. (biomedcentral.com)
As a first step toward the understanding of the molecular mechanisms for JEV RNA replication and ultimately for the in vitro reconstitution of viral RNA replicase complex, we for the first time established an in vitro JEV RdRp assay system with a functional full-length recombinant JEV NS5 protein and characterized the mechanisms of RNA synthesis from nonviral and viral RNA templates. (biomedcentral.com)

After this elongation, the RNA piece is removed by a 5' to 3' exonuclease and refilled with DNA. (wikipedia.org)

The NS5 protein was able to use both plus- and minus-strand 3'-untranslated regions of the JEV genome as templates in the absence of a primer, with the latter RNA being a better template. (biomedcentral.com)
The RNA genome of JEV consists of 98-nucleotide (nt) long 5' untranslated region (UTR) with the type-1 cap structure at its 5' terminus, a single open reading frame (ORF), and a 585-nt long 3'-UTR with no poly(A) tail at its 3' terminus [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Viruses whose nucleic acid is DNA. (lookformedical.com)
Positive-strand RNA viruses, the largest genetic class of viruses, include numerous important pathogens such as Zika virus. (elifesciences.org)
RNA replication on expanded, rearranged cellular membranes is universal among positive-strand RNA viruses and thus presents a target for broadly applicable antiviral therapies. (elifesciences.org)
RNA polymerase enzymes are essential to life and are found in all organisms and many viruses . (wikidoc.org)

Bacillus halodurans (𝐵ℎ) ribonuclease H (RNase H) belongs to the nucleotidyl-transferase (NT) superfamily and is a prototypical member of a large family of enzymes that use two-metal ion (Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ ) catalysis to cleave nucleic acids. (ias.ac.in)

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS5 is a viral nonstructural protein that carries both methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Analysis of the amino acid sequence of NS5 led to the prediction that it carries both methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activities. (biomedcentral.com)
The 5' RNA methyltransferase activity should be located on the N-terminal portion because of the presence of conserved motifs found in other viral methyltransferases [ 5 - 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The genomes of members of the alphavirus supergroup are 5′-capped, and the hallmark of this supergroup is the presence of a unique type of RNA capping enzyme [ 6 , 7 ], which has combined methyltransferase-guanylyltransferase (MTase-GTase) activity. (beds.ac.uk)

URT1 directly interacts with DECAPPING 5 (DCP5), the Arabidopsis ortholog of human LSM14 and yeast Scd6, and this interaction connects URT1 to additional decay factors like DDX6/Dhh1-like RNA helicases. (cnrs.fr)

DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. (nih.gov)

Further elucidation of the RNA silencing pathway will likely have an impact not only in basic biology but also in medicine and agriculture. (unl.edu)

the superfamily is now recognized as transitioning between RNA and DNA functions. (wikipedia.org)

DNA primase is an enzyme involved in the replication of DNA and is a type of RNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)
We used cryo-electron tomography to reveal many previously unrecognized features of Flock house nodavirus (FHV) RNA replication compartments. (elifesciences.org)
These spherular invaginations of outer mitochondrial membranes are packed with electron-dense RNA fibrils and their volumes are closely correlated with RNA replication template length. (elifesciences.org)
Each spherule's necked aperture is crowned by a striking cupped ring structure containing multifunctional FHV RNA replication protein A. Subtomogram averaging of these crowns revealed twelve-fold symmetry, concentric flanking protrusions, and a central electron density. (elifesciences.org)
These results provide new mechanistic insights into positive-strand RNA virus replication compartment structure, assembly, function and control. (elifesciences.org)

Long timescale molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the 𝐵ℎRNase H-DNA-RNA hybrid complex and the respective monomers to understand the recognition mechanism, conformational preorganization, active site dynamics and energetics involved in the complex formation. (ias.ac.in)
The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription process. (wikidoc.org)

RNA-mediated processes result in suppression of gene expression in eukaryotes, a phenomenon initially termed RNA interference (RNAi) in animals. (unl.edu)

Details of key interactions found at the interface of enzyme-nucleic acid complex that are responsible for its stability are discussed. (ias.ac.in)

PAP acts as a nucleic acid template-independent NMP-transferase, preferentially utilizing a single species of NTP, namely ATP. (nih.gov)
RNAP will preferentially release its RNA transcript at specific DNA sequences encoded at the end of genes known as terminators . (wikidoc.org)

RNA interference is also becoming a valuable tool for loss-of-function high-throughput genomic studies in eukaryotes and for practical applications in animals, plants and algae. (unl.edu)

Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms. (lookformedical.com)

The rate determining step in primase is when the first phosphodiester bond is formed between two molecules of RNA. (wikipedia.org)
End" indicates the 5' end , where the longer RNA molecules are almost completely transcribed. (wikidoc.org)

To address these questions, we turned to flock house virus (FHV), a well-studied, model positive-strand RNA virus in the nodavirus family. (elifesciences.org)

While bacterial primases (DnaG-type) are composed of a single protein unit (a monomer) and synthesize RNA primers, AEP primases are usually composed of two different primase units (a heterodimer) and synthesize two-part primers with both RNA and DNA components. (wikipedia.org)

In cells , RNAP is needed for constructing RNA chains from DNA genes , a process called transcription . (wikidoc.org)
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes"-a broad class of genes that encode RNA that is not translated into protein. (wikidoc.org)
However, since the late 1990s, many new RNA genes have been found, and thus RNA genes may play a much more significant role than previously thought. (wikidoc.org)

After binding to the DNA, the RNA polymerase switches from a closed complex to an open complex. (wikidoc.org)

The RNA segments are first synthesized by primase and then elongated by DNA polymerase. (wikipedia.org)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs17

Phenomena and Processes7

Information Science2

Binding protein2

Subunit3

MRNA4

Ribosomal RNA precursors2

Single-stranded6

Polyribonucleotide1

Nucleotides3

Viral nucleic2

TRNA nucleotidyltransferase1

Proteins3

RRNA5

DsRNA1

Helicase1

Synthesis4

Elongation1

Genome2

Viruses4

Enzymes1

Methyltransferase4

Arabidopsis1

Ribonucleoside1

Pathway1

Superfamily1

Replication5

Molecular2

Gene expression1

Stability1

Preferentially2

Interference1

Double-stranded1

Molecules2

Positive-strand1

Bacterial1

Genes3

Complex1

Segments1