AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and Processes
ReflexReflex, StretchReflex, AbnormalReflex, AcousticReflex, Vestibulo-OcularReflex, PupillaryElectromyographyDecerebrate StateH-ReflexReflex, RightingReflex, OculocardiacPressoreceptorsReflex, BabinskiBlinkingReflex, AbdominalCatsElectric StimulationGaggingEpilepsy, ReflexVagus NerveNeurons, AfferentAfferent PathwaysMechanoreceptorsMotor NeuronsReflex Sympathetic DystrophyBaroreflexPhysical StimulationMuscle ContractionNeurons, EfferentHeart RateSympathetic Nervous SystemCarotid SinusTrigeminal NerveSpinal CordTibial NerveUrinationBlood PressureVagotomyVestibule, LabyrinthMuscle, SkeletalChemoreceptor CellsLaryngeal NervesCapsaicinMuscle SpasticityBiguanidesSural NerveMuscle SpindlesStartle ReactionCoughPostureDenervationReaction TimeMovementPeristalsisMusclesMuscle RigidityBradycardiaPeroneal NerveCordotomyHindlimbOtolithic MembraneSolitary NucleusNeural InhibitionFootHead MovementsRespirationEfferent PathwaysRotationEye MovementsNystagmus, PhysiologicProprioceptionMedulla OblongataUrinary BladderDeglutitionVibrationPulmonary Stretch ReceptorsNociceptorsMasseter MuscleVestibular NerveAnesthesiaSpasmAnal CanalBrain StemPressureSemicircular CanalsRats, Sprague-DawleyHabituation, PsychophysiologicSpinal Cord InjuriesEyelidsMuscle Relaxants, CentralUrethraChloraloseDogsEvoked PotentialsAtropineNeural ConductionLarynxMasticatory MusclesAction PotentialsTime Factors
StimuliCornealStimulationExposure to noxiousAirway reflexesAutonomic effectsLaryngealResponsesNociceptiveReceptorsPenetrationSensationsCoughSignalsMuscleResponsePainMovementIdeaLossControlEnterPatientCorneal reflexesStimulusTendon reflexesNeuronsAutonomicModulationNociceptorsPlantar responseBrainstemBabinskiOculocephalicSympathetic DystrophyForearmPeripheral nerveAbsentReactiveReceptorsHyperalgesiaReactionSpinal cordFlexionSensoryAnteriorReactionsBlinkExposureRatsTongueNormalPresentAbility
Stimuli13
  • On HD 8, the patient became comatose and had no eye, verbal, and motor responses to noxious stimuli (Glasgow coma scale 3). (cdc.gov)
  • The myelinated nociceptors appear to encode signals related to pricking first-pain sensations produced by noxious mechanical or thermal stimuli. (nationalacademies.org)
  • After repeated exposure to noxious heat stimuli, nociceptors exhibit lower thresholds, increased sensitivity to stimuli that exceed their thresholds, and spontaneous activity. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Subsequent studies examined the role of morphine in reducing these activities and examined shifts in attention when responding to noxious stimuli. (awionline.org)
  • For example, acute pain acts as a warning signal that alerts us to noxious mechanical, chemical and thermal stimuli, which are potentially tissue damaging. (berkeley.edu)
  • What if you could still detect the noxious stimuli-an important safety feature-but it had no effect on your behaviour? (painscience.com)
  • By means of time-lapse in vivo calcium imaging and neural activity manipulation in freely behaving mice encountering noxious stimuli, we identified a distinct neural ensemble in the basolateral amygdala that encodes the negative affective valence of pain. (painscience.com)
  • Silencing this nociceptive ensemble alleviated pain affective-motivational behaviors without altering the detection of noxious stimuli, withdrawal reflexes, anxiety, or reward. (painscience.com)
  • These results identify the amygdalar representations of noxious stimuli that are functionally required for the negative affective qualities of acute and chronic pain perception. (painscience.com)
  • the noxious stimuli of which leads to reflex rise in sympathoadrenal activity. (joas.in)
  • no eye or motor reflex should be present in response to stimuli. (stackexchange.com)
  • Like laryngospasm, bronchospasm may be elicited by noxious stimuli such as secretions and endotracheal intubation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A syndrome characterized by indifference to PAIN despite the ability to distinguish noxious from non-noxious stimuli. (bvsalud.org)
Corneal3
  • Bilateral exotropia was noted with spared light and corneal reflexes and oculocephalic responses. (cdc.gov)
  • The corneal epithelium is continually losing cells due to desquamation (primarily via the blink reflex) and thus must replace these cells to maintain homeostasis. (molvis.org)
  • Absent corneal reflexes and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may be associated. (bvsalud.org)
Stimulation9
  • The NTS receives cardio-respiratory inputs and affects reflex tachycardia from noxious stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Movement as a response to noxious stimulation [laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion, laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation] was registered. (researchgate.net)
  • The patients were divided into movers/non-movers as a response to noxious stimulation. (researchgate.net)
  • The qNOX showed significant overlap between movers and non-movers, but it was able to predict whether or not the patient would move as a response to noxious stimulation, although the anaesthetic concentrations were similar. (researchgate.net)
  • 2 = Not alert, requires repeated stimulation to attend, or is posturing) in response to noxious stimulation. (medscape.com)
  • We compared the topographic pattern of S1 activation following noxious (clinically required heel lance) and innocuous (touch) mechanical stimulation of the same skin region in newborn infants ( n = 32) using multioptode functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). (elifesciences.org)
  • Consistent with this, in vivo recording showed that nociceptive-evoked responses of ON- and OFF-cells were suppressed by optogenetic inactivation of archaerhodopsin (ArchT)-expressing PB terminals in RVM, demonstrating that a net inhibitory input to OFF-cells and net excitatory input to ON-cells are engaged by acute noxious stimulation. (eneuro.org)
  • Tooth pulp stimulation (intensity: 3 times the threshold for jaw-opening reflex) increased the number of positive neurones within the HbL by up to 300%, but did not induce any expression in the medical Hb nucleus. (eurekamag.com)
  • These findings and the results of previous research suggest that HbL neurones are involved in defensive mechanisms by means of antinociception following noxious stimulation. (eurekamag.com)
Exposure to noxious1
  • The standard reference that sets the safety limits for exposure to noxious gases, including ammonia, is the Acute Exposure Guideline Level, or AEGL . (haygain.com)
Airway reflexes1
  • The discovery of TRPM3 as a regulator of airway reflexes suggests it may be a novel target for antitussive therapy. (ersjournals.com)
Autonomic effects1
  • 3 = Responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects or total y unresponsive, flaccid, areflexic. (medscape.com)
Laryngeal1
  • Insertion of LMA within the hypopharynx mandates a depth of anesthesia apt enough to relax the jaw and obtund the laryngeal reflexes. (joas.in)
Responses1
  • The results reported for the two taxonomic groups are remarkably similar and indicate that responses of both go beyond those expected of mere nociceptive reflex. (awionline.org)
Nociceptive1
  • We hypothesised that this developmental process is reflected in ascending nociceptive signals to S1, leading to widespread S1 activation and poor spatial localisation of noxious events in early life. (elifesciences.org)
Receptors1
  • That's the physiological effect of noxious gases, including ammonia, on receptors attached to our eyes and respiratory passages: It triggers an alarm from a region of the brain called the amygdala. (haygain.com)
Penetration1
  • The cornea is covered by a stratified squamous epithelium that functions to maintain transparency as well as provide the first line of defense against pathogens and the penetration of noxious agents. (molvis.org)
Sensations1
  • Likewise, itch sensations trigger reflexes that may protect us from disease-carrying insects. (berkeley.edu)
Cough2
  • In chronic lung diseases, activation of airway sensory nerves initiate respiratory reflexes including cough for which there is currently no safe and effective treatment. (ersjournals.com)
  • We aimed to characterise the role of TRPM3 in airway sensory nerve activation and the cough reflex. (ersjournals.com)
Signals2
  • It makes sense to vomit if you've swallowed something truly noxious such as a glass of turpentine or a spoonful of lima beans, but it doesn't make any sense when your visual and vestibular systems are sending conflicting signals since emptying your stomach does nothing to solve the problem. (fourmilab.ch)
  • Well, it turns out that functional brain imaging reveals that the "emetic brain" which handles the crucial time-sequencing of the vomit reflex just happens to be located next door in the meat computer to the area which integrates signals from the inner ear and visual system. (fourmilab.ch)
Muscle1
  • Damage to these cell bodies can lead to severe muscle weakness and loss of reflexes. (wikipedia.org)
Response2
  • Reflex bronchiolar constriction may be centrally mediated or may be a local response to airway irritation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Unlike the pneumoconi- an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious oses, recognition of work-relatedness for asthma and chronic particles or gases (5). (cdc.gov)
Pain2
  • Some experts claim that it is just a complex reflex we are observing, that babies of this age do not have the proper neurological connections between thalamus and cortex to sense pain. (cmf.org.uk)
  • Of course, hormone changes, neurological connections and reflexes do not prove that fetuses feel pain but it seems reasonable to give them the benefit of the doubt. (cmf.org.uk)
Movement1
  • Yes, the right is presently far more noxious and dangerous, having allowed their entire movement to be taken over by monsters. (blogspot.com)
Idea1
  • I told the producer what I had to say about how futile and noxious to my idea of free speech it was for the courts of London to think they could control the conversation and do so in secrecy. (buzzmachine.com)
Loss1
  • Loss of eyelash reflex [loss of consciousness (LOC)] was recorded, and prediction probability for Bis and qCON was calculated. (researchgate.net)
Control1
Enter1
  • They lie partially buried in the muck under the swampy waters, and as creatures enter the area they begin to exude their Noxious Vapors, and then stealthily move into a position to surprise and sieze their prey. (dandwiki.com)
Patient1
  • The following brainstem reflexes should be tested in the physical examination of a patient deemed for brain death evaluation. (stackexchange.com)
Corneal reflexes4
  • 10. Absent corneal reflexes. (medscape.com)
  • On examination, pupils were equal and reactive with corneal reflexes present bilaterally. (hindawi.com)
  • Bilateral exotropia was noted with spared light and corneal reflexes and oculocephalic responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Absent corneal reflexes and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may be associated. (bvsalud.org)
Stimulus6
  • Babinski - toe moves upward in response to mildly noxious stimulus to the lateral plantar surface. (slideserve.com)
  • The rooting reflex is present if stroking the lateral upper lip causes movement of the mouth toward the stimulus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Hypersensitivity is when the tissue becomes more sensitized to a noxious (painful) stimulus. (pelvicpainrehab.com)
  • This reflex is defined as increased tension and tone of the tissues in the abdominal muscles resulting from a painful stimulus to an organ. (pelvicpainrehab.com)
  • Physiologic parameters and times to loss of spontaneous movement, righting reflex, and noxious stimulus response were recorded. (bioone.org)
  • Twelve of 18 frogs among all groups demonstrated a median (range) of two (one to six) episodes of regained consciousness with purposeful, spontaneous movement following loss of noxious stimulus response. (bioone.org)
Tendon reflexes1
  • Deep tendon reflexes were normal (2+) with bilateral flexor plantar response. (hindawi.com)
Neurons3
  • Interestingly, neural activities in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) correlated with noxious intensities, and optogenetic modulation of ACC neurons showed bidirectional control of the aversive response to acute pain. (elifesciences.org)
  • Transmission of noxious signals orthodromically to 2nd order trigeminal neurons, could also activate axonal reflex inducing pain in the referral area. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increasingly, it is appreciated that cytokines associated with type 2 immunity such as IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 play critical roles in triggering mechanical reflexes like itch via direct interactions with sensory neurons. (nih.gov)
Autonomic3
  • Efferent innervation supplies muscles of mastication, the tongue, and autonomic reflexes. (medscape.com)
  • 3 = Responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects or total y unresponsive, flaccid, areflexic. (medscape.com)
  • Objective: We hypothesized that increased risk of triggered arrhythmias 1 day after DE exposure is mediated by airway sensory nerves bearing transient receptor potential (TRP) channels [e.g., transient receptor potential cation channel, member A1 (TRPA1)] that, when activated by noxious chemicals, can cause a centrally mediated autonomic imbalance and heightened risk of arrhythmia. (nih.gov)
Modulation1
  • Conditioned pain modulation was evaluated by applying a noxious counterstimulus (ie, forearm ischemia) and delivering 4 additional electrocutaneous stimulations. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
Nociceptors1
  • Noxious signals transduced at nociceptors within cranial structures such as dura mater, arteries, scalp and muscles are transmitted centrally to be processed, modified and perceived as headache. (biomedcentral.com)
Plantar response1
  • Babinski, Chaddock, and Oppenheim reflexes all evaluate the plantar response. (msdmanuals.com)
Brainstem2
  • [ 5 ] The 3 key features that characterize brain death are coma, absent brainstem reflexes, and apnea. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis of brain death is based on the loss of all brainstem reflexes and the demonstration of continuing cessation of respiration - i.e. apnea testing - in a persistently comatose patient. (scholarpedia.org)
Babinski1
Oculocephalic1
Sympathetic Dystrophy3
Forearm1
  • According to the right forearm, powerful noxious influences of mem- b. (mutuoinpdap.org)
Peripheral nerve1
  • 8 Type I CRPS is synonymous with RSD, and comprises "a syndrome that usually develops after an initiating noxious event, is not limited to the distribution of a single peripheral nerve, and is apparently disproportionate to the inciting event. (bmj.com)
Absent3
Reactive1
  • responds to noxious pain, does visual tracking, reactive pupils. (freezingblue.com)
Receptors1
  • That's the physiological effect of noxious gases, including ammonia, on receptors attached to our eyes and respiratory passages: It triggers an alarm from a region of the brain called the amygdala. (haygain.com)
Hyperalgesia1
  • During infection, both spontaneous pain reflexes and hyperalgesia occur, but the underlying mechanisms of these pain modalities are unknown. (nature.com)
Reaction2
  • This reaction is of spinal reflex origin and indicates spinal disinhibition due to an upper motor neuron lesion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is this cognizance that led to my recognition of yawning as an early sign of a vasovagal reflex or reaction. (baillement.com)
Spinal cord2
  • Deep tendon (muscle stretch) reflex testing evaluates afferent nerves, synaptic connections within the spinal cord, motor nerves, and descending motor pathways. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Evans envisaged that prolonged bombardment of pain impulses set up a "vicious circle of reflexes" in the spinal cord that generated efferent activity in the sympathetic system leading to spasm in the peripheral blood vessels. (bmj.com)
Flexion1
Sensory1
  • Sensory innervation of the periodontal ligaments provides proprioceptive information about pressure on the teeth and oral stereognosis (perceiving the form of an object) as well as jaw opening and salivation reflexes. (medscape.com)
Anterior2
  • ie, non-basal ganglia disorders anywhere above the anterior horn cell) increase reflexes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For the Oppenheim reflex, the anterior tibia, from just below the patella to the foot, is firmly stroked with a knuckle. (msdmanuals.com)
Reactions1
  • I have noticed that in most of the vasovagal reflexes or reactions encounter, yawning is the first manifestation. (baillement.com)
Blink1
  • normally, each of the first 5 taps induces a single blink, then the reflex fatigues. (msdmanuals.com)
Exposure1
  • The standard reference that sets the safety limits for exposure to noxious gases, including ammonia, is the Acute Exposure Guideline Level, or AEGL . (haygain.com)
Rats2
  • To investigate whether the vagal nerve and splanchnic nerve are involved in the mediation of the accommodation reflex, we performed in vivo experiments using male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 225-250 g. (bl.it)
  • Administration of rabbit VIP antiserum also had no effect on the accommodation reflex in rats with a chronic vagotomy (i.e. (bl.it)
Tongue1
  • The snout reflex is present if tapping a tongue blade across the lips causes pursing of the lips. (msdmanuals.com)
Normal1
Present1
  • The grasp reflex is present if gently stroking the palm of the patient's hand causes the fingers to flex and grasp the examiner's finger. (msdmanuals.com)
Ability1
  • Metabolism and artistic ability of temper, \ ' t w., "excuse reflex styled "regulars" are obliged to be underestimated as a greater than before proceeding to sensation. (mutuoinpdap.org)