Novel 1998 bone morphogenetic protein 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Along with other BMPs, including BMP-2, -4 and -7, which are well known as potent osteoinductive growth factors, GDF-5 plays important roles in the development of bones, cartilage and tendons, as evidenced by the tendency for the gene and protein expression levels of GDF-5 to increase over time in these tissues. (ispub.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are osteoinductive substances and have been used in bone regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
It may be feasible in the near future for BMPs to replace autologous and allogenic bone grafts. (allenpress.com)
BMPs comprise the largest subfamily of TGF-beta and belong to a group of noncollagen proteins. (allenpress.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which includes the families of TGF-βs, BMPs, activins and inhibins. (ijbs.com)
BMPs were originally identified because of their ability to induce endochondral bone formation and are important regulators of key events in the process of bone formation during embryogenesis, postnatal growth, remodelling and regeneration of the skeleton [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
Comparisons with other BMPs known for their ability to stimulate bone growth have suggested that BMP-13 is not strongly osteo-inductive [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. (ijbs.com)
The function of BMPs in bone remodelling and fracture repair is associated with the recruitment of stem cells from surrounding tissues and with effects on the osteogenic lineage commitment of these cells. (ijbs.com)

Bone Regeneration. (bvsalud.org)
They have become a likely treatment option, given their action on regeneration and remodeling of bone lesions and increasing the bone response around alloplastic materials. (allenpress.com)
The application of specific growth factors for osteoinduction without using a bone graft constitutes a real impact on bone regeneration. (allenpress.com)
In this review, we will highlight the role of the BMP in bone, periodontal and dental regeneration. (allenpress.com)
Grafting with autogenous bone, guided bone regeneration (GBR), distraction osteogenesis, and tissue engineering have been developed to perform intraoral bone augmentation in dentistry. (allenpress.com)
A variety of growth factors (GFs)-including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and peptides of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-have been tested for local bone regeneration. (allenpress.com)
Nakashima M. Bone morphogenetic proteins in dentin regeneration for potential use in endodontic therapy. (scielo.br)
Regeneration of large bone defects is a common clinical problem. (dovepress.com)
Our results suggested that PEI-al nanocomposites efficiently deliver the BMP-2 gene to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and that BMP-2 gene-engineered cell sheet is an effective way for promoting bone regeneration. (dovepress.com)
Regeneration of bone remains an important clinical challenge because the regeneration potential of human bone appears to be limited. (dovepress.com)
Hence, they are of high interest for supporting bone regeneration and wound healing. (degruyter.com)
By way of this review, a deeper understanding of the basic mechanisms of β-TCP for bone repair will be achieved which will aid in the optimization of strategies to promote bone repair and regeneration. (frontiersin.org)
The main challenge for large bone defect repair and regeneration remains the inadequate recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), reduced vascularization, and decreased growth factors stimulation within the scaffold construct to support cell viability and tissue growth. (frontiersin.org)
Consequently, enhancing the adhesion of MSCs, augmenting the release of growth factors, and promoting angiogenic potential of biomaterial scaffolds after implantation are pivotal for successful bone regeneration. (frontiersin.org)

An odontogenic medium modified by the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 was used in the experimental groups to induce differentiation. (scielo.br)
Her current research focuses on CD34+ stem cells isolated from cord blood, and she was the first to investigate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on untreated and CD34-selected umbilical cord blood. (textbooks.dad)
Recombinant human BMP-2 and BMP-7 are used clinically to augment bone formation in spinal fusion and many other applications in which bone induction is desired [ 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
abstract： STUDY DESIGN:This study was designed to determine whether Augment Bone Graft (Augment, Biomimetic Therapeutics, Inc., Franklin, TN) and Augment Injectable Bone Graft (Augment Injectable, Biomimetic Therapeutics, Inc., Franklin, TN), 2 combination devices comprising recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB an. (shengsci.com)
Herein, we investigated the effect of dovitinib on human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a cell culture model. (molcells.org)

J Am Vet Med Assoc, 210(2):235-239,1997. (tcvs-mn.com)

Hard tissue formation in a porous HA/TCP ceramic scaffold loaded with stromal cells derived from dental pulp and bone marrow. (scielo.br)
In this study, we found that BMP-13 inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM MSCs) in vitro. (ijbs.com)
Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). (degruyter.com)

Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) belongs to the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which is expressed in dental pulp tissues. (ispub.com)
Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, which is a subgroup of the transforming growth factor- (TGF-) superfamily. (ispub.com)
Here we show that components of both bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor and TGF-β/activin/Nodal branches of TGF-β superfamily signaling are expressed in the developing subpallium. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, Smad proteins, transcriptional effectors of TGF-β signaling, are co-expressed and physically interact in the basal ganglia with Dlx homeodomain transcription factors, which are critical regulators of the differentiation, migration and survival of telencephalic GABAergic neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), known as active components of odontogenic differentiation and tooth development, have been used as a growth factor in an appropriate medium. (scielo.br)
The expression of osteogenesis-related gene was increased, which demonstrated that released BMP-2 could effectively induce the cell sheet osteogenic differentiation in vitro. (dovepress.com)
In conclusion, BMP-13 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, implying that functional mutations or deficiency of BMP-13 may allow excess bone formation. (ijbs.com)
BMP-13, also known as growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) and cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-2 (CDMP-2), was first identified and isolated as a component of bovine cartilage [ 5 ]. (ijbs.com)
Numerous secreted and cell surface proteins relevant to airway inflammation and remodeling are initially synthesized as inactive precursor proteins, including growth/differentiation factors and their associated receptors, enzymes, adhesion molecules, neuropeptides, and peptide hormones. (molcells.org)
We subsequently discuss how β-TCP can regulate osteogenic processes to aid bone repair/healing, namely osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, formation of blood vessels, release of angiogenic growth factors, and blood clot formation. (frontiersin.org)
Dovitinib enhanced the BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction, which is a representative marker of osteoblast differentiation. (molcells.org)
Our results suggest that dovitinib has a potent stimulating effect on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation and this existing drug has potential for repositioning in the treatment of bone-related disorders. (molcells.org)
Noreen S. Cunningham, Nancy A. Jenkins, Debra J. Gilbert, Neal G. Copeland, A. Hari Reddi, and Se-Jin Lee (1995) Growth/Differentiation Factor-10: A new member of the transforming growth factor-ß superfamily related to bone morphogenetic protein-3. (sejinlee.org)

PEI-al nanocomposites carrying BMP-2 gene could efficiently transfect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (dovepress.com)
The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts provide potential for the development of novel treatment strategies, such as improved healing of large bone defects. (biomedcentral.com)

In that regard, recent studies in non-neural cells have suggested the existence of functional interactions between Dlx proteins and Smad transcription factors, which are critical mediators of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling pathways (Chiba et al. (biomedcentral.com)
ALK1 and BMPR1‐2 are receptors of the TGF‐β superfamily and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) 92. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
TGF-beta Superfamily Proteins. (bvsalud.org)

Literature Review: to allow either the installation of implants or the correction of bone defects, high quality bone tissue is required. (bvsalud.org)
The search for materials presenting characteristics similar to those achieved with autograft, aiming to reduce morbidity in procedures of restoration of lost bone structures, allowed research to develop toward synthetic materials, such as the rhBMP-2, which is the main morphogenetic protein inducer of bone tissue. (bvsalud.org)
Tissue Eng Part A. 2008;14(2):285-94. (scielo.br)
Recently, stem cell sheet has been an emerging strategy in bone tissue engineering. (dovepress.com)
2 , 3 Bone tissue engineering (BTE) attempts to solve the referred problems mentioned. (dovepress.com)
Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeletal system that is characterized by deterioration of bone tissue, along with a decrease in bone mass. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Bone is a living tissue that maintains a balance through the bone-building activity of osteoblasts, with the reabsorptive activity of osteoclasts. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and dexamethasone loaded in core-shell PLLACL-collagen fibers for use in bone tissue engineering. (research.com)
Importantly, a single injection of β-NGF loaded PEGDMA microrods resulted in improved fracture healing as indicated by a significant increase in the percent bone in the fracture callus, trabecular connective density, and bone mineral density relative to soluble β-NGF control indicating improved drug retention within the tissue. (frontiersin.org)
Mariano García Arranz has the following conflict of interest: MGA is inventor on 2 patents entitled "Identification and isolation of multipotent cells from non-osteochondral mesenchymal tissue" (10157355957US) and "Use of adipose tissue-derived stromal stem cells in treating fistula" (US11/167061). (wjgnet.com)
Despite improved surgical techniques, the tendon-to-bone healing rate is unsatisfactory due to difficulties in restoring the delicate transitional tissue between bone and tendon. (wjgnet.com)

Dr. Harmening was a member of the National Commission on Allied Health Implementation Task Force of the Department of Health and Human Services from 1996 to 1998. (textbooks.dad)
Int Endod J 1996 Mar;29(2):118-124. (thejcdp.com)

7 , 16 - 18 Only a small number (BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6, BMP-7, and BMP-14) seem to have osteoinductive functions. (allenpress.com)
19 , 20 , 23 , 25 BMP-2 and BMP-7 are especially known for their osteoinductive qualities. (allenpress.com)
1 The obstacles of current bone substitutes include the limited amounts of donor bone, the bone resorption of autografts, the risk of disease transmission and graft rejection of allografts, and the shortage of osteoinductive property for synthetic grafts. (dovepress.com)
Injectable therapies designed to stimulate bone healing represent an exciting alternative to surgically implanted biologics, however, the translation of effective osteoinductive therapies remains challenging due to the need for safe and effective drug delivery. (frontiersin.org)

Dovitinib also stimulated the translocation of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 into the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK1/2 and p38. (molcells.org)
The canonical TGFβ signalling pathway involves ligand-dependent assembly of a heteromeric receptor complex, receptor-kinase activation and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of SMAD proteins, which are transcriptional regulators that consequently accumulate in the nucleus. (nature.com)
Ribosomal protein S6 kinases are activated through phosphorylation in response to a variety of HORMONES and INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphorylation of RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 by enzymes in this class results in increased expression of 5' top MRNAs. (bvsalud.org)

Currently, she is a member of the ASCP Editorial Advisory Board: Medscape Pathology and Laboratory Medicine but has served as Chair of the Research and Development Committee of the American Society of Clinical Pathologists Board of Registry from 1995 to 1998. (textbooks.dad)
A pig sperm protein that binds to the extracellular matrix of the egg in a species-specific manner was recently identified and named zonadhesin (Hardy, D. M., and Garbers, D. L. (1995) J. Biol. (embl.de)

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that are essential for bone resorption and regulate bone remodeling. (sciforschenonline.org)

While some signals are mitogenic and proosteogenic, others function to inhibit osteogenesis and increase bone resorption, and it appears that a well-controlled, delicate balance of inflammatory factors is necessary for proper fracture repair [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
In vertebrates, the balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption controls bone homeostasis. (molcells.org)
Many studies have investigated methods for balance recovery between bone formation and resorption. (molcells.org)

Smads 1, 5 and 8 are mainly activated by BMP and GDF receptors, while Smads 2 and 3 are substrates for TGF-β, activin and Nodal receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
The receptor (5‐HTR) and transporter (5‐HTT) of serotonin (5‐HT), and VPAC [the receptors of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)] are all coupled to G‐protein 128,136. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Otherwise, the chances of success in osseointegration procedures and bucco-facial rehabilitation that aim to provide the patient with the bone volume lost are greatly reduced. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, development and genetic studies have shown that GDF-5 null mutation or transgenic mice exhibit abnormal growth patterns or overgrowth of limbs, long bones, cartilage, joints and digits (Storm et al. (ispub.com)
The concomitant decrease in cartilage fraction supports our prior work showing that β-NGF promotes endochondral conversion of cartilage to bone to accelerate healing. (frontiersin.org)
However, the current view holds that osteoarthritis involves not only the articular cartilage but the entire joint organ, including the subchondral bone and synovium. (medscape.com)

Retinoic acid inhibits chondrogenesis of mesenchymal cells by sustaining expression of N-cadherin and its associated proteins. (rush.edu)
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by modulating cellular senescence and mitophagy in lung fibroblasts. (nih.gov)
The immunosuppressant SIROLIMUS inhibits the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases. (bvsalud.org)

We also show that Dlx and Smad proteins localize to promoters/enhancers of a number of common telencephalic genes in vivo and that Smad proteins co-activate transcription with Dlx family members, except with certain mutated human DLX proteins identified in autistic individuals. (biomedcentral.com)
17 , 19 - 24 BMP-2, −4, and −7 have been shown to stimulate de novo, in vitro, and in vivo bone formation in various animal models. (allenpress.com)
To enhance the osteogenic potential of stem cell sheet, we fabricated bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( BMP-2 ) gene-engineered cell sheet using a complex of polyethylenimine-alginate (PEI-al) nanocomposites plus human BMP-2 complementary(c)DNA plasmid, and studied its osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (dovepress.com)
To further test the osteogenic potential of the cell sheet in vivo, enhanced green fluorescent protein or BMP-2-producing cell sheets were treated on the cranial bone defects. (dovepress.com)
However, their low frequency in bone marrow necessitate ex vivo expansion for further clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)

Heterodimerization-dependent secretion of bone morphogenetic proteins in Drosophila. (unibas.ch)

Transglutaminase 2" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/12976 (accessed December 07, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)

Sandy JD, Thompson V, Verscharen C, Gamett D. Chondrocyte-mediated catabolism of aggrecan: evidence for a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked protein in the aggrecanase response to interleukin-1 or retinoic acid. (rush.edu)
A cardiomelic developmental field has also been postulated to relate the genetic heterogeneity of HOS (and other similar syndromes) to a cascade of molecules, including the brachyury, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, retinoic acid receptor, and transforming growth factor beta families. (medscape.com)

MSCs were initially isolated from bone marrow but are now known to exist in a wide range of tissues in the human adult, including brain, thymus, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and dental pulp [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)

In agreement with these observations, expression of dominant-negative Smads in the developing basal ganglia phenocopies the cell migration defects observed in Dlx1/2 -deficient mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulatory proteins, SMADs activate nuclear transcription factors through MAPK 132. (comprehensivephysiology.com)

Figure 2: Core signalling in the mammalian TGFβ-SMAD pathways. (nature.com)

Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. (degruyter.com)
The identification of the intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins could help to unravel these functions. (degruyter.com)
A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. (bvsalud.org)

In weiteren 20 % der Fälle lassen sich Mutationen im „bone morphogenic receptor 1A gene" (BMPR1A) nachweisen [ 6 ]. (thieme-connect.de)

Nasal mucosal inflammation induces remodeling processes within the mucosa characterized by changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition, macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration, and histological structure. (molcells.org)
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are multifunctional polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix (ECM) responsible for ECM hydration and binding of cations and proteins due to their negative charge. (degruyter.com)

After reaching a fracture threshold, bone that was normally able to withstand a minor stress, such as a fall or blow, becomes subject to break or fracture more easily. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Thus any process or systemic condition that alters this optimal inflammatory milieu, such as bone diseases like osteoporosis or severe trauma, steroid therapy, diabetes, or advanced age, can disrupt the normal fracture healing process, resulting in nonunions or delayed healing, pain, disfigurement, and loss of function. (hindawi.com)
We demonstrate a novel and translational method wherein β-NGF can be encapsulated within PEGDMA microrods for local delivery and that β-NGF bioactivity is maintained resulting in improved bone fracture repair. (frontiersin.org)

In vitro release studies showed there is significant retention of protein within the polymer matrix over 168 hours through physiochemical interactions. (frontiersin.org)

The tight junctions protein Claudin-5 limits endothelial cell motility. (unibas.ch)
Mammalian bone morphogenetic protein-binding (BMP-binding) endothelial regulator protein. (embl.de)

Odontogenic capability: bone marrow stromal stem cells versus dental pulp stem cells. (scielo.br)

Therefore, these precursor proteins require post-translational cleavage by proprotein convertases (PCs) to become fully functional. (molcells.org)
Constam, D. B. & Robertson, E. J. Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein activity by pro domains and proprotein convertases. (nature.com)

Objective: to examine the influence of rhBMP-2 in bucco- facial grafts, presenting recent research on animals and humans, as well as different approaches to clinical application and the results obtained by the authors. (bvsalud.org)

3 To overcome some of these difficulties, research has been driven toward the use of bioactive molecules to induce local bone formation. (allenpress.com)

Bone loss caused by congenital defects, traumatic injury, cancer, reconstructive surgery, or periodontal disease has aroused widespread concern all over the world. (dovepress.com)

The interaction of sGAG with α2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (LRPAP1), exportin-1 (XPO1), and serine protease HTRA1 (HTRA1) was confirmed in reverse assays. (degruyter.com)
Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. (thieme-connect.de)

Hence, it may be observed that these proteins play an important role in bone formation. (bvsalud.org)

Four members of the mouse Dlx protein family (Dlx1, 2, 5 and 6), part of the Antennapedia class of non-Hox homeodomain transcription factors, are expressed in the embryonic subpallium (Panganiban and Rubenstein 2002 ). (biomedcentral.com)
In the United States, these proteins are commercially available INFUSE Bone Graft since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration in July 2002 for its use in anterior lumbar interbody fusion. (allenpress.com)

The expression levels of dentin sialo-phosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), enamelysin/matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20) and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on X chromosome (PHEX) were analysed using RT-PCR. (scielo.br)
[ 2 , 3 , 4 ] A full list of the described mutations is available at the TBX5 Gene Mutation Database , an online locus-specific database that contains germline and somatic mutations of the TBX5 gene. (medscape.com)
Mutations of this gene introduce a premature stop codon and result in truncated protein versions. (medscape.com)

The association between loss or down-regulation of E-cadherin, an epithelial cell-cell adhesion protein, and progression of breast cancer has been extensively documented [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Securing Transplanted Meniscal Allografts Using Bone Plugs Results in Lower Risks of Graft Failure and Reoperations: A Meta-analysis. (mayo.edu)
Augment bone graft products compare favorably with autologous bone graft in an ovine model of lumbar interbody spine fusion. (shengsci.com)

2. Find values for the kinetic parameters from experimental b pathway have been detected in several human diseases, estimates or by fitting the model to experimental kinetic most notably in many forms of cancer, and in fibrotic diseases data. (lu.se)
Indeed, BMP-13 expression was absent from osteoblasts or newly formed osteocytes, rather BMP-13 was strongly detected in chondrocytes in a human osteophyte (bone spur) study [ 13 ]. (ijbs.com)
Human MSC are easy to isolate from small aspirate of bone marrow via their adherence ability. (biomedcentral.com)
E7 from human papil omavirus type 16 cooperate to cancer: the European prospective investigation into doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp321 PMID:20047954 target the PDZ protein Na/H exchange regulatory cancer and nutrition study. (who.int)

It is reported that a set of circulating proteins such as inflammatory cytokines and endocrine factors (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)

Mammalian von Willebrand factor (VWF), a multifunctional protein involved in maintaining homeostasis. (embl.de)

Results showed that endogenous BMP-13 mRNA expression was higher than BMP-2 or -7 during MSC growth. (ijbs.com)
Expression of mouse zonadhesin mRNA is evident only within the testis, and the protein is found exclusively on the apical region of the sperm head. (embl.de)
Daniel Linzer, Se-Jin Lee , Linda Ogren, Frank Talamantes, and Daniel Nathans (1985) Identification of proliferin mRNA and protein in mouse placenta. (sejinlee.org)

Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. (bvsalud.org)

Currently, the bone autograft is the most frequently used strategy to manage large bone loss. (frontiersin.org)
Large bone loss as a result of trauma, tumor removal, infection, and developmental congenital disorders, often leads to delayed healing or non-union, and remains a critical challenge for orthopedic surgeons. (frontiersin.org)

Bone mass can be determined by a bone mineral density test (BMD), such as a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Osteoporosis can affect any bone in the body, although the most common sites are the wrist, spine, and hips. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Nanobody-Based GFP Traps to Study Protein Localization and Function in Developmental Biology. (unibas.ch)

Stem cell markers are genes and their protein products used by scientists to isolate and identify stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cell reports, 39 (2). (unibas.ch)
Assays on the cell culture showed that the genetically engineered cells released the BMP-2 for at least 14 days. (dovepress.com)
The results indicated that the BMP-2-producing cell sheet group was more efficient than other groups in promoting bone formation in the defect area. (dovepress.com)
Species diversity in the structure of zonadhesin, a sperm-specific membrane protein containing multiple cell adhesion molecule-like domains. (embl.de)
Bioactivity of protein post-loading was confirmed with the TF-1 cell line. (frontiersin.org)
Osteoclasts can be obtained by isolating primary bone marrow monocytes or by using macrophage cell lines. (sciforschenonline.org)

Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
Particular syndromes of hamartomatous polyposis are often characterized by the manifestation of similar symptoms, especially at the initial stage of the development of the disease the clinical pictures in many cases do not make it possible to differentiate them (2). (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

Some cytokines are reported to be proosteogenic while others inhibit bone healing. (hindawi.com)

Functional analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis resulted in the differentially expressed proteins in the FM and OA groups are mostly involved in the coagulation and complement system-related pathways, serotonin pathways, dopamine pathways, glutamate pathways and acute phase reactions. (ncl.edu.tw)

Anatomy57

Organisms11

Diseases16

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

BMPs8

Regeneration14

Recombinant5

19971

Stromal cells3

Differentiation13

Mesenchymal stem3

Superfamily3

Tissue11

19962

Osteoinductive4

Phosphorylation4

19952

Regulate1

Resorption3

Receptors2

Osseointegration1

Cartilage3

Inhibits3

Vivo5

Secretion1

20231

Retinoic2

Isolated from bone marrow1

Smads2

Smad1

Intracellular3

Morphogenic1

Extracellular matrix2

Fracture3

Vitro1

Endothelial2

Marrow stromal1

Proprotein convertases2

Grafts1

Induce1

Defects1

Receptor2

Role in bone1

20022

Gene3

Regulation1

Graft2

Human4

Inflammatory1

Mammalian1

MRNA3

Kinases1

Large bone2

Mineral density1

Spine1

Localization1

Cell7

Differentiate2

Cytokines1

Pathways1