Normally protein apoproteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS). (harvard.edu)
Scholars@Duke publication: Molecular cloning of the gene sequences of a major apoprotein in avian very low density lipoproteins. (duke.edu)
We have found that apoprotein E (ApoE), a component of plasma lipoproteins, was synthesized and secreted by resident and nonspecifically stimulated macrophages elicited with thioglycollate broth, but not by activated macrophages obtained from mice treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin, pyran copolymer, whole Corynebacterium parvum, or bacterial endotoxin. (rupress.org)
Lipoprotein metabolism is con-trolled by the activity of functional proteins (enzymes, cell surface receptors, receptor ligands) that deter-mine the rate at which lipoproteins enter and leave the system, and by the physicochemical properties of the lipoprotein themselves. (nihatodabasi.com)
Surface proteins present on lipoproteins. (nihatodabasi.com)
Although lipids are a distinct class of biomolecules, we shall see that they often occur combined, either covalently or through weak bonds, with members of other classes of bio-molecules to yield hybrid molecules such as glycolipids , which contain both carbohydrate and lipid groups, "and lipoproteins , which contain both lipids and proteins. (medmuv.com)
therefore, they are transported as complexes of lipoproteins and specific apoproteins. (medscape.com)
The endogenous lipoprotein pathway refers to lipoproteins and apoproteins that are synthesized in tissues other than the intestines, predominantly in the liver. (medscape.com)
HDL particles that contain apoproteins A-I and A-II interact with other lipoproteins, particularly VLDL and LDL, through lipolysis and the action of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) enzyme. (medscape.com)

Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. (stlukes-stl.com)

I have tried several tweekings of the FLAGS files and I've tried on many different proteins - some with inhibitors and some with native peptides (hiv-1 protease) all results with the same order of magnitude. (rosettacommons.org)

The liver secretes the triglyceride-rich VLDL that contains apoproteins B-100, C-II, and E into the circulation. (medscape.com)
In the peripheral tissues, particularly adipose and muscle tissue, VLDL is cleaved by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), extracting most of the triglycerides and forming an IDL that contains apoproteins B-100 and E. IDL can be taken up by the liver through the LDL receptor, or it can be converted to the cholesterol-rich LDL that contains apoprotein B-100. (medscape.com)

Surfactant recovered by alveolar wash from most mammals contains 70-80% phospholipids, 8-10% protein, and 10% neutral lipids, primarily cholesterol. (medscape.com)
its primary translation product, 22 kd, is processed to an extremely hydrophobic 4-kd protein that is associated with lipids in lamellar bodies. (medscape.com)
Ramadan fasting did not dramatically affect the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins, or the daily mean of hormonal serum levels. (nih.gov)

Chlorophyll-proteins of LHCI and LHCII. (elte.hu)
Energy transfer inside and between chlorophyll-proteins. (elte.hu)

Surfactant is a complex lipoprotein (see the image below) composed of six phospholipids and four apoproteins. (medscape.com)
The SP-B gene is on human chromosome 2, and its primary translation product is 40 kd, which is clipped to become an 8-kd protein in the type II cells before entering lamellar bodies to be cosecreted with phospholipids. (medscape.com)

The observation in otherwise clinically healthy subjects of hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-cholesterol, and marked apoprotein abnormalities, without a significant incidence of atherosclerotic disease in the family suggests this is a new disease entity in the field of lipoprotein pathology, very probably related to an altered amino acid composition of the apo-A-I protein (see Weisgraber et al. (jci.org)
The protein is synthesized in liver, brain, spleen, and the kidney, and concentrations are high in interstitial fluids, where it plays a role in distributing cholesterol from cells where cholesterol is in excess to cells which require cholesterol. (thermofisher.com)
Cholesterol metabolism in the brain is independent of peripheral tissues due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that impairs the entrance of the protein-bound lipid into the central nervous system (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
This consists of a core of triglyceride surrounded by a monolayer of a phospholipid, cholesterol, and apoproteins. (labpedia.net)

Since rhodopsin apoproteins cannot absorb light energy, rhodopsins produced by prokaryotic strains lacking genes for retinal biosynthesis are hypothesized to be non-functional in cells. (go.jp)

In this article, we describe a simple computational approach, based on the effect allosteric ligands exert on protein flexibility upon binding, to predict the existence and position of allosteric sites on a given protein structure. (biomedcentral.com)
Crystal structures of the apo protein, the protein in complex with α,β-methylene adenosine 5'-triphosphate (AMPCPP) and calcium, with the allosteric activator bicarbonate, and also with a number of inhibitors identified using fragment screening, all show a flexible active site that undergoes significant conformational changes on binding of ligands. (rcsb.org)
These proteins also serve as ligands to specific receptors, they facilitate transmembrane transport, and they regulate enzymatic activity. (medscape.com)

The complexes, rather than the individual proteins, presumably bind to UreB via UreE/H recognition sites. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The crystal structures of the two apo-proteins and their complexes with the Strep-tag II peptide were refined at resolutions below 2 A. Both in the presence and absence of the peptide, the lid-like loop next to the ligand pocket--comprising residues 45 through 52--adopts an 'open' conformation in all four subunits within the asymmetric unit. (rcsb.org)

ApoE represented approximately 1% of the newly synthesized protein and approximately 10% of secreted protein of resident and thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. (rupress.org)

The structure of the 3'-5' exonuclease domain of protein N388 closely resembles the corresponding region in the Klenow fragment despite minimal sequence identity. (embl.de)

Apoproteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

Hypotheses about the evolution of reaction centers and their evidences (Olson, Blankenship, Vermaas models, „export model", „redox switch" hypothesis, apoprotein early model). (elte.hu)

Myoglobin is a single-chain globular protein of 153 amino acids , containing a heme ( iron -containing porphyrin ) prosthetic group in the center around which the remaining apoprotein folds. (bionity.com)

The NPH1 gene of Arabidopsis encodes an autophosphorylating protein kinase that functions as a photoreceptor for phototropism in response to low-intensity blue light. (scite.ai)
most cancers require at least two mutations: 1) one in an oncogene, which encodes proteins that trigger cell division, and 2) one in a tumor suppressor gene, whose protein products, in their. (enya.day)

10-13 TMPRSS2 contains an extracellular trypsin-like serine-protease domain that can proteolytically activate the spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles 14 ( Fig. 1 ). (rsc.org)

The way the binding energy is calculated for ligand docking is the ligand is taken and moved ~500 angstroms away from the protein (far out of interaction distance) and the difference in energy between the two states (bound and unbound) are calculated. (rosettacommons.org)
is set to 1, i.e., it is trajectories of an unbound protein. (lu.se)

C and D ) The kinetic behaviors of ( C ) montelukast and ( D ) saquinavir monitored using BLI by incubating increasing concentration of the drug molecule (0-25 µM) on the protein-bound sensors. (elifesciences.org)
Incontrast to the copper metallochaperone mechanism involving thiol ligandexchanges between structurally similar chaperones and target proteins, wepropose that the Hsp40-like module interacts with urease apoprotein and/orother urease accessory proteins, while the Atx1-like domain delivershistidyl-bound nickel to the urease active site. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Isa1 and Isa2 proteins are shown to bind iron in vivo, yet the Isa1-Isa2-bound iron was not needed as a donor for de novo assembly of the [2Fe-2S] cluster on the general Fe/S scaffold proteins Isu1-Isu2. (yeastgenome.org)
These results suggest that the iron bound to the Isa proteins is required for the de novo synthesis of [4Fe-4S] clusters in mitochondria and for their insertion into apoproteins in a reaction mediated by Iba57 . (yeastgenome.org)
As other coronaviruses, 6-9 SARS-CoV-2 exploits host proteins to initiate cell-entry, in particular TMPRSS2 and ACE2, two membrane-bound proteins expressed in the upper and lower respiratory tract. (rsc.org)
Microbial rhodopsins, comprising a protein moiety (rhodopsin apoprotein) bound to the light-absorbing chromophore retinal, function as ion pumps, ion channels, or light sensors. (go.jp)
The N-side is more organized with MQ-bound complex I facilitating proton entry, while the P-side is more connected in the apo-protein, facilitating proton exit. (cuny.edu)
almost all of the body's copper is bound to copper proteins. (msdmanuals.com)

It was later discovered that the apoprotein can stably bind coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxide, and oxygen is required for the regeneration to this active form of aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting nanomolar-potent inhibitors that were developed bind at both the substrate binding pocket and the allosteric site, and can be used as chemical probes to further elucidate the function of this protein. (rcsb.org)

However, for most allosteric proteins identified to date the mechanistic details of allosteric modulation are not yet well understood. (biomedcentral.com)
By querying the literature and a recently available database of allosteric sites, we gathered 213 allosteric proteins with structural information that we further filtered into a non-redundant set of 91 proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
We performed normal-mode analysis and observed significant changes in protein flexibility upon allosteric-ligand binding in 70% of the cases. (biomedcentral.com)
These results agree with the current view that allosteric mechanisms are in many cases governed by changes in protein dynamics caused by ligand binding. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, we implemented an approach that achieves 65% positive predictive value in identifying allosteric sites within the set of predicted cavities of a protein (stricter parameters set, 0.22 sensitivity), by combining the current analysis on dynamics with previous results on structural conservation of allosteric sites. (biomedcentral.com)
We introduce a simple computational approach to predict the presence and position of allosteric sites in a protein based on the analysis of changes in protein normal modes upon the binding of a coarse-grained ligand at predicted cavities. (biomedcentral.com)
Its performance has been demonstrated using a newly curated non-redundant set of 91 proteins with reported allosteric properties. (biomedcentral.com)
This observation argues for additional nuance in interpreting the nature of allosteric coupling in this protein. (iucr.org)

[2] Unlike the blood-borne hemoglobin , to which it is structurally related, [3] this protein does not exhibit cooperative binding of oxygen, since positive cooperativity is a property reserved for multimeric proteins. (bionity.com)

The Strep-tag II is a nine-amino acid peptide that was developed as an affinity tool for the purification of corresponding fusion proteins on streptavidin columns. (rcsb.org)
Purification and characterization of a light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex from the marine eustigmatophyte nannochloropsis sp. (bgu.ac.il)
Dive into the research topics of 'Purification and characterization of a light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex from the marine eustigmatophyte nannochloropsis sp. (bgu.ac.il)

This has also explained the need for a thiol reagent like beta mercaptoethanol in the regeneration of the protein since such reagents weaken the sulfhydryl bonds between cysteine residues, expediting the regeneration of the aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
Significantly, the metal-binding sites in UreE and Atx1 are distinct in location and types of residues despite the relationship between these proteins and the mechanism for UreE activation of urease is proposed to be different from the thiol ligand exchange mechanism used by the copper metallochaperones. (embl-heidelberg.de)

These precursors then undergo a complex post-translational maturation process that requires a number of accessory proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
2011) Specialized function of yeast Isa1 and Isa2 proteins in the maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins. (yeastgenome.org)
In a comprehensive in vivo analysis, we show that S. cerevisiae Isa1 and Isa2 form a complex that is required for maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins, including aconitase and homoaconitase. (yeastgenome.org)
Taken together, these findings define Isa1 , Isa2 , and Iba57 as a specialized, late-acting ISC assembly subsystem that is specifically dedicated to the maturation of mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] proteins. (yeastgenome.org)

Familial LDL receptor deficiency and familial defective apoprotein B-100 are examples of primary defects that can lead to the accumulation of LDL, which corresponds to a type IIa pattern of hyperlipidemia. (medscape.com)

Cancer-Related NEET Proteins Transfer 2Fe-2S Clusters to Anamorsin, a Protein Required for Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis. (harvard.edu)

Proteins can be regarded as the functional building blocks of life, carrying out and coordinating almost all biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)
Transfection of mRNAs encoding the chimeric constructs achieved functional expression of the proteins able to act on their targets. (unav.edu)

However, in the presence of calcium ions, the protein undergoes a conformational change and converts its prosthetic group, coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxide, into excited coelenteramide and CO2. (wikipedia.org)
Room-temperature X-ray crystallography provides unique insights into protein conformational heterogeneity, but obtaining sufficiently large protein crystals is a common hurdle. (iucr.org)

Small RNA molecules are generally used as primers for chain elongation, although terminal proteins may also be used for the de novo synthesis of a DNA chain. (embl.de)

A and B ) Bio-layer interferometry (BLI) analysis for the initial screening of binding of the drugs with the ( A ) non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) and ( B ) C-terminal helices truncated Nsp1 (Nsp1∆C) proteins. (elifesciences.org)
Screening of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs against Nsp1 from SARS-CoV-2 and nanoscale differential scanning fluorometry (NanoDSF) experiments to evaluate the binding of top hits with the non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1) and C-terminal helices truncated Nsp1 (Nsp1∆C). (elifesciences.org)
In vitro assays confirm that both drugs inhibit the human protein TMPRSS2, a SARS-Cov-2 spike protein activator. (rsc.org)

Aequorin is a holoprotein composed of two distinct units, the apoprotein that is called apoaequorin, which has an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa, and the prosthetic group coelenterazine, the luciferin. (wikipedia.org)

Notably, the protein contains three EF hand motifs that function as binding sites for Ca2+ ions. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we show that the latter genes encode carotenoid proteins (CTDHs). (nih.gov)
Categoría amplia de factores celulares endógenos de las células huésped regulados al alza en respuesta a patógenos (es decir, genes estimulados por INTERFERONES) y reclutados para interferir en la REPLICACIÓN VIRAL y/o desencadenar una respuesta de INMUNIDAD CELULAR antiviral del huésped. (bvsalud.org)

Lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) consists of an LDL-like particle with apoprotein B and a side chain of a highly glycosylated protein. (medscape.com)

The specific function of these "A-type" ISC proteins within the framework of mitochondrial and bacterial Fe/S protein biogenesis is still unresolved. (yeastgenome.org)
In contrast, Isa1-Isa2 were dispensable for the generation of mitochondrial [2Fe-2S] proteins and cytosolic [4Fe-4S] proteins. (yeastgenome.org)
Upon depletion of the ISC assembly factor Iba57 , which specifically interacts with Isa1 and Isa2 , or in the absence of the major mitochondrial [4Fe-4S] protein aconitase, iron accumulated on the Isa proteins. (yeastgenome.org)

This family of proteins contains two subgroups with distinct characteristics. (nih.gov)

Here, a recently introduced serial sample-support chip system has been used to obtain the first SSX structure of a human phosphatase, specifically protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the unliganded (apo) state. (iucr.org)

Among the four surfactant apoproteins identified, surfactant protein B (SP-B) and SP-C are two small hydrophobic proteins that make up 2-4% of the surfactant mass and are present in commercially available surfactant preparations. (medscape.com)

Using pymol to create the apo-protein and the ligand/peptide. (rosettacommons.org)
If there's some sort of distance constraint between the protein and the ligand, that translation can cause it to blow up in energy, making it look like there's a greatly beneficial energy of binding. (rosettacommons.org)

For biomedical applications, we are combining rational design and combinatorial methods to create designer protein therapeutics and diagnostic agents. (stanford.edu)

The distribution of protonation microstates throughout the protein is needed to develop a global pumping mechanism for proton transfer. (cuny.edu)
In this study, the binding affinity and mechanism of human odor-binding protein OBP2a to 14 typical odorants in water were first assessed using fluorescent competitive binding assays and molecular docking techniques. (springeropen.com)

This review discusses the function of sEH in mammals and its protein structure and catalytic activities. (frontiersin.org)
This review aims to summarize the role of sEH in mammals and its protein structure and catalytic activities. (frontiersin.org)

[ 1 ] These authors noted a series of severe ketoacidotic episodes in the child that were precipitated by protein ingestion (specifically, methionine and threonine administration) but manifested by marked elevations in plasma and urinary glycine levels. (medscape.com)

the major protein is albumin but small amounts of apo C and apo D are also present. (nihatodabasi.com)

E and F ) The change in the melting temperature of ( E ) Nsp1 and ( F ) Nsp1∆C protein was monitored in the presence of the selected molecules. (elifesciences.org)
Montelukast and saquinavir induce change in the melting temperature of Nsp1 while none of the molecules show any difference in the melting temperature of Nsp1∆C protein. (elifesciences.org)

Two divalent metal ion cofactors, Zn(II) and Mn(II), have been located in crystals of protein N388 which had been soaked in solutions containing Zn(II), Mn(II), or both. (embl.de)

3- Transport function Albumin.Tyroxine binding protein (TBP), transferrin, apoproteins. (enya.day)
Sweden ties must be important for protein function. (lu.se)

I'm getting some really unrealistic scores when I'm using RosettaLigand to simulate a protein - peptide/inhibitor binding. (rosettacommons.org)
at the same time developing protein and peptide-based tools that will allow us to manipulate cellular processes on a molecular level. (stanford.edu)

Researchers from the National Institute on Drug Abuse in Baltimore, Maryland tested the possibility that marijuana use might be associated with changes in serum protein levels. (thecamreport.com)

Marijuana users had significant increases in 3 protein peaks, including one for apoprotein C3 III (apoC-III). (thecamreport.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms5

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs54

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Lipoproteins9

Apolipoprotein1

Peptides1

VLDL2

Lipids3

Chlorophyll-proteins2

Phospholipids2

Cholesterol4

Biosynthesis1

Ligands3

Complexes2

ApoE1

Sequence1

MeSH1

Redox1

Heme1

Encodes2

Particles1

Unbound2

Bound8

Bind2

Allosteric8

Structurally related1

Purification3

Residues2

Maturation4

Receptor1

Clusters1

Functional2

Conformational2

Novo synthesis1

Drugs3

Molecular weight1

Ions1

Genes2

Consists1

Mitochondrial3

Distinct1

Tyrosine1

Hydrophobic1

Ligand2

Biomedical1

Mechanism2

Mammals2

Threonine1

Small amounts1

Molecules2

Crystals1

Function2

Peptide2

Serum1

Increases1