Normal optic disc drusen and optic disc drusen retinal drusen. Medical search. Frequent questions

The optic nerve comprises of approximately 1.2 million axons that originate at the ganglion cell layer of the retina. (medscape.com)
The fundus retinal images are directly captured from human eye that includes some other landmarks like microcirculation system of the retina, macula, optic disc, fovea, microaneurysm, and exudates [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Tiny yellow or white deposits in the retina or optic nerve head. (theeyecenter.com)
The circular area (disc) where the optic nerve connects to the retina. (theeyecenter.com)
The optic disc is visible in the retina on indirect fundoscopy. (paritaexport.eu)
We can help detect AMD by examining your retina and looking for drusen or abnormal blood vessels. (eyedocsottawa.com)
If you have diabetes, we'll look for these issues by examining your retina, retinal blood vessels, and macula. (eyedocsottawa.com)
Age-Related Macular Degeneration , Age-related macular degeneration begins with characteristic yellow deposits in the macula (central area of the retina which provides detailed central vision, called fovea) called drusen between the retinal pigment epithelium and the underlying choroid. (fortworth2020.com)
A particular blind spot is known as the blind spot, or physiological blind spot, or punctum caecum in medical literature is the place in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina where the optic nerve passes through it. (fortworth2020.com)
In the center of the retina is the optic nerve, a circular to oval white area measuring about 2 x 1.5 mm across. (org.es)
From the center of the optic nerve radiate the major blood vessels of the retina. (org.es)
The total retina is a circular disc of between 30 and 40 mm diameter. (org.es)
The optic nerve contains the ganglion cell axons running to the brain and, additionally, incoming blood vessels that open into the retina to vascularize the retinal layers and neurons (Fig. 1.1). (org.es)
1 While the fundus findings may be predominantly located at the central retina, in the vast majority of MDs there is psychophysical, electrophysiological or histopathological evidence of more widespread, generalised retinal involvement. (bmj.com)
AMD has two types: dry AMD with the presence of drusen and atrophy and wet AMD with the features of edema and hemorrhage within or below the retina or retinal pigment epithelium besides drusen and atrophy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
ARMD - Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is an acquired degeneration of the retina that causes significant central visual impairment through a combination of non-neovascular (drusen and retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities), and neovascular derangement (choroidal neovascular membrane formation). (dfweyes.com)
Blind Spot - the spot where your optic nerve connects to your retina has no light-sensitive cells, so you can't see anything there. (dfweyes.com)
Drusen - yellow deposits under the retina. (dfweyes.com)
The optics of the eye can be thought of as an imperfect microscope objective through which the retina can be observed. (stanford.edu)
Our lab develops and uses adaptive optics, eye movement correction and optical microscopy technologies to improve the non-invasive visualization of the retina to the point that individual retinal structure and function and can be visualized at the cellular and even sub-cellular scale. (stanford.edu)

Drusen, from the German word for node or geode (singular, "Druse"), are tiny yellow or white accumulations of extracellular material that build up between Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
He was convinced that drusen originated from the nuclei of the pigment cells, which he believed to belong to the choroid. (wikipedia.org)
In view of their location between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and its vascular supply, the choriocapillaris, it is possible that drusen deprive the RPE and photoreceptor cells of oxygen and nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
The angioid streaks appear as crack-like breaks in Bruch's membrane and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
LCN2 was increased by SOX9 and SIRT1 deacetylated SOX9 to promote its nuclear translocation, which further inhibited the viability of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and promoted cell apoptosis and angiogenesis as well as CNV-induced AMD formation. (hindawi.com)

Arteritic and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy may also present with transient visual loss. (medscape.com)
Transient visual loss may be related to local ocular conditions, such as ocular surface disorders, intraocular foreign bodies, central or branch retinal vein occlusion, central or branch retinal artery occlusion, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, intermittent angle closure glaucoma, and optic neuritis. (medscape.com)
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a common cause of sudden loss of vision, especially in the elderly. (aetna.com)
To resolve the controversy over the effectiveness of optic nerve decompression for NAION, the National Eye Institute sponsored the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of optic nerve decompression surgery for patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
A structured evidence review (Dickersin and Manheimer, 2002) concluded that "[r]esults from the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial indicate that optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is not effective. (aetna.com)
In particular, Dr. Liao is studying OPTIC NERVE STROKE (also called anterior ischemic optic neuropathy), which is the most common acute optic neuropathy in those older than 50 years of age, and OPTIC DISC DRUSEN, which is associated with deposition of calcified deposits in the optic nerve and the most common cause of young-onset optic nerve stroke. (stanford.edu)
Isolated disk edema (eg, caused by optic neuritis or ischemic optic neuropathy) without the retinal findings indicative of elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure is not considered papilledema (unless the intracranial pressure is elevated on concurrent lumbar puncture). (msdmanuals.com)

Optic atrophy is the final common morphologic endpoint of disease process that causes degeneration of axons of the ganglion cells. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] Clinically, optic atrophy manifests as changes in the color and the structure of the optic disc (cupping) associated with variable degrees of visual dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Degenerated axons lose this optical property, explaining the pallor in optic atrophy. (medscape.com)
Optic atrophy is classified as pathologic, ophthalmoscopic, or etiologic. (medscape.com)
In conditions with primary optic atrophy (eg, pituitary tumor, optic nerve tumor, traumatic optic neuropathy, multiple sclerosis), optic nerve fibers degenerate in an orderly manner and are replaced by columns of glial cells without alteration in the architecture of the optic nerve head. (medscape.com)
In conditions with secondary optic atrophy (eg, papilledema, papillitis), the atrophy is secondary to disc edema (shown in the image below). (medscape.com)
The most common (classic or typical features) include corneal clouding, ocular hypertension and glaucoma, retinopathy and optic disc involvement (optic disc swelling or atrophy). (eyewiki.org)
Drusen and geographic atrophy. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Intraretinal fluid and outer retinal atrophy due to AMD. (reviewofoptometry.com)
We saw obvious peripapillary atrophy surrounding each optic nerve as well as subtle radial cracks or defects in Bruch's membrane extending linearly from the optic nerve in various directions. (reviewofoptometry.com)
Macular dystrophies (MDs) are a group of inherited retinal disorders that cause significant visual loss, most often as a result of progressive macular atrophy. (bmj.com)

Transient visual loss is also recognized in association with optic disc drusen and colobomas. (medscape.com)
Interestingly, angioid streaks do have as high as 25% association with optic disc drusen. (reviewofoptometry.com)

However, the presence of larger and more numerous drusen in the macula is a common early sign of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). (wikipedia.org)
Drusen are associated with aging and macular degeneration are distinct from another clinical entity, optic disc drusen, which is present on the optic nerve head. (wikipedia.org)
Hard drusen' may coalesce into 'soft drusen' which is a manifestation of macular degeneration. (wikipedia.org)
While it is possible to eliminate drusen with this treatment strategy, it has been shown that this fails to reduce the risk of developing the choroidal neovascularisation which causes the blindness associated with age-related macular degeneration. (wikipedia.org)
These extracted markers or characterized fundus digital image features provide insights and relates quantitative retinal vascular topography abnormalities to various pathologies such as diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, hypertensive retinopathy, transient ischemic attack, neovascular glaucoma, and cardiovascular diseases. (hindawi.com)

Dr. In our study, we aim to present an interesting case who developed central retinal artery occlusion with preserved central vision because of the presence of cilioretinal artery. (retinavitreousjournal.com)

Objective To assess the performance of a deep learning system (DLS) to discriminate between optic disc drusen (ODD) and papilledema caused by intracranial hypertension, using standard color ocular fundus photographs collected in a large international multi-ethnic population. (medrxiv.org)
External-testing was subsequently performed on an independent dataset (221 patients) including 207 images with ODD (96 visible and 111 buried), provided by 3 centers of the Optic Disc Drusen Studies Consortium, and 214 images of papilledema (92 mild-to-moderate and 122 severe) from a previously validated study. (medrxiv.org)
Diamox, Lasix, corticosteroids), and disc swelling with visual field loss progresses, direct fenestration of the optic nerve sheaths via medial or lateral orbitotomy has been shown to be an effective and relatively simple procedure for relief of papilledema. (aetna.com)
Optic nerve head edema due to increased intracranial pressure is called papilledema. (oftalmoloji.org)
The children were referred to a tertiary hospital by pediatric neurologists for evaluation of suspected papilledema or by an ophthalmologist because of disc margin blurring detected in routine examinations. (oftalmoloji.org)
The presence of possible signs of high intracranial pressure (empty sella, flattening of the posterior globe, tortuosity of the optic nerve or increase in perioptic cerebrospinal fluid) on MRI strengthens the diagnosis of papilledema in the presence of suspicious optic disc appearance or certain symptoms. (oftalmoloji.org)
Papilledema is swelling of the optic disk due to increased intracranial pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
Optic disk swelling resulting from causes that do not involve increased intracranial pressure (eg, malignant hypertension, central retinal vein occlusion) is not considered papilledema. (msdmanuals.com)
In the early stages of papilledema, visual acuity and pupillary response to light are usually normal and become abnormal only after the condition is well advanced. (msdmanuals.com)

Demyelinating optic neuritis and hereditary optic neuropathy (HON) take a leading place among the diseases, the leading clinical syndrome of which is bilateral optic neuropathy with a simultaneous or sequential significant decrease in visual acuity. (bvsalud.org)
Optic neuritis can occur at the onset or be one of the syndromes within multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease (MOGAD). (bvsalud.org)
Differential diagnoses are pseudotumor cerebri, optic nerve drusen and optic neuritis. (bvsalud.org)

What is normal macula? (birthday-graphics.com)

This study is a retrospective non- comparative review of visual field (VF) tests in patients with compressive optic neuropathy from thyroid eye disease (TED-CON). (uk.com)

Glaucoma is characteristic progressive optic neuropathy, featuring optic disc cupping and visual field loss, associated with raised intraocular pressure (IOP). (nih.gov)
The authors present a retrospective study exploring the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and optic nerve damage in patients with optic nerve drusen. (uk.com)
Thinning of the optic nerve indicates that it is being damaged by elevated intraocular pressure. (birthday-graphics.com)

Treated glaucoma suspects had higher IOP, thinner retinal nerve fiber layers (RNFL), more RNFL asymmetry, thinner ganglion cell-inner plexiform layers (GCIPL), and a higher prevalence of optic disc drusen, disc hemorrhage, ocular trauma, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) ( p (jocgp.com)
The prevalence of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) is approximately 0.4% in children and 2.4% in adults. (oftalmoloji.org)
The paper [ 16 ] searched MEDLINE and EMBASE to find out the relation between microvascular changes of retinal microvasculature and prevalence or incident of stroke. (hindawi.com)

Participants The study included 4,508 color fundus images in 2,180 patients from 30 neuro-ophthalmology centers (19 countries) participating in the Brain and Optic Nerve Study with Artificial Intelligence (BONSAI) Group. (medrxiv.org)
On fundus examination, optic nerve head pallor was observed. (retinavitreousjournal.com)
Since neurologic examination and VEP examination were normal, we carefully reexamined the fundus, and recognized the presence of cilioretinal artery in the right eye. (retinavitreousjournal.com)
One of the most important subfields of biomedical engineering is the analysis of fundus retinal images. (hindawi.com)
Analysis of the human fundus eye images has become the key point for diagnosing the various pathologies of retinal vasculature. (hindawi.com)
The aim of this review was to provide an update on MDs, including Stargardt disease, Best disease, X-linked r etinoschisis, pattern dystrophy, Sorsby fundus dystrophy and autosomal dominant drusen. (bmj.com)
This review provides an update on monogenic MD and discusses the the most common subtypes, including Stargardt disease (STGD), Best disease (BD), X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS), autosomal dominant drusen (ADD), Sorsby fundus dystrophy (SFD) and pattern dystrophy (PD). (bmj.com)

There is no direct treatment for NAION, although corticosteroids are sometimes used to reduce optic nerve edema. (aetna.com)
Pseudopapilledema is not true edema but is defined by the presence of blurring and swelling at the borders of the optic nerve head due to structural anomalies. (oftalmoloji.org)

That's caused some researchers to question whether the same drugs that can protect against cholesterol buildup in the arteries, like statins, can reduce the presence of drusen in the eyes. (paritaexport.eu)

As the tumor enlarges, it may cause distortion of the pupil (iris melanoma), blurred vision (ciliary body melanoma), or markedly decreased visual acuity caused by secondary retinal detachment (choroidal melanoma). (cigna.com)

Higher IOP, RNFL thinning, and optic disc drusen were the strongest factors in the decision to treat a glaucoma suspect or ocular hypertensive patient. (jocgp.com)
The skill of trying to decipher a normal optic nerve, from one which is perhaps just a variant of normal, from one which has glaucoma is something which you develop over time and seeing lots of different discs. (optometry-evolution.com)
Examination of the optic nerve head for potential glaucoma or other pathology is one of the very fundamental skills that all optometrists require, and so hopefully this refresher will be useful. (optometry-evolution.com)
This is just be by virtue of the tilted disc, rather than there being a progressive glaucoma. (optometry-evolution.com)
Splinter haemorrhage - associated with normal tension glaucoma and can be a pre-cursor to damage to the NRR. (optometry-evolution.com)
Normal-tension glaucoma is a characteristic glaucomatous optic neuropathy with intraocular pressures in the normal range. (nih.gov)
This activity reviews the evaluation and management of normal-tension glaucoma and highlights the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition. (nih.gov)
Summarize the risk factors for developing normal-tension glaucoma. (nih.gov)
Explain the physical exam findings associated with normal-tension glaucoma. (nih.gov)
Outline management considerations for patients with normal-tension glaucoma. (nih.gov)
Describe how to counsel a patient with normal-tension glaucoma. (nih.gov)
Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), also known as normal or low-pressure glaucoma, is defined as open-angle glaucoma with a presenting IOP in the normal range. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this study was to compare driving simulator performance of participants with visual field loss (VFL) from optic disc drusen (ODD) with a normally sighted control group and a group of individuals with glaucoma. (uk.com)
In this paper from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT) group they compared the earliest detection of progression in visual fields and monoscopic optic. (uk.com)
To evaluate the effect of one lesson of continuing medical education (CME) of subjective assessment of optic nerve head appearance on sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of glaucoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Ophthalmologists and residents in ophthalmology attending an international glaucoma meeting arranged at Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, were asked to grade optic nerve head (ONH) photographs of healthy and glaucomatous subjects at two sessions separated by a lecture on glaucoma diagnosis by ONH assessment. (biomedcentral.com)
In clinical practice assessment of glaucomatous changes of the optic nerve head (ONH) may be the first step to detect glaucoma. (biomedcentral.com)
ONH assessment is sometimes a difficult task, particularly at early stages of glaucoma, requiring careful observation and knowledge about variability of optic disc appearance among healthy subjects and the characteristics of glaucomatous damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Disc hemorrhages, first described by Bjerrum in 1889 [ 5 ] are now considered a relatively hard sign of glaucoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that affect your optic nerve, connecting your eyes to your brain and transferring visual information to help you see. (eyedocsottawa.com)
There are a few different ways our team can help detect and diagnose glaucoma, but one of the most common is observing your optic disc (where the optic nerve connects to the eye) for issues. (eyedocsottawa.com)
When OCT test results show that the optic nerve is thinning, this is a symptom of glaucoma. (birthday-graphics.com)

Given these findings, the diagnosis of the previous occlusion of central retinal artery in the presence of cilioretinal artery was assumed. (retinavitreousjournal.com)

It may appear normal in the early stages or display a range of abnormalities which can be indistinguishable from other IRDs. (gene.vision)
These images may occur in the normal eye or may reflect abnormalities of ocular structure. (medscape.com)
Retinal microvascular abnormalities like microaneurysm, arteriovenous nicking, haemorrhages, and vessel caliber are considered as associative to the stroke and indicative of death from stroke and IHD (Ischemic Heart Diseases) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Amblyopia , A disorder of the visual system that is characterized by poor or indistinct vision in an eye that is otherwise physically normal, or out of proportion to associated structural abnormalities. (fortworth2020.com)

It is caused by infarction of the short posterior ciliary arteries supplying the anterior optic nerve. (aetna.com)
On the examination, visual acuity of the right eye was 10/10, anterior segment examination was normal. (retinavitreousjournal.com)
This article provides an evaluation of changes in visual function associated with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) among Korean patients. (uk.com)
Optic nerve drusen are refractive, calcified nodules located within the optic disc, the most anterior part of the optic nerve. (paritaexport.eu)
Anatomically, optic nerve drusen are located just anterior to the lamina cribrosa and are most commonly seen in the nasal part of the disc. (paritaexport.eu)

HON are a group of neurodegenerative diseases, among which the most common variants are Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, and autosomal recessive optic neuropathy (ARON), caused by nuclear DNA (nDNA) mutations in DNAJC30. (bvsalud.org)
Her research lab aims to identify the first genes for autosomal dominant optic disc drusen. (stanford.edu)

The performed eye examination revealed a deterioration of the vision of the right eye on counting fingers to 50 cm, vision of the left eye to 0.4 naturally, a slowed photoreaction of the right pupil, prominent optic nerve papilla with unclear boundaries on both eyes, dilated and more coiled vessels with a crossing phenomenon, the retinal periphery shows no focal changes. (bvsalud.org)
Ophthalmoscopic examination reveals engorged and tortuous retinal veins, a hyperemic and swollen optic disk (optic nerve head), and retinal hemorrhages around the disk but not into the retinal periphery. (msdmanuals.com)

Furthermore, image analysis provides a simple and noninvasive visualization of the retinal blood vessels in those high risk ophthalmologic medical conditions [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
With OCT imaging, your optometrist can detect signs of AMD like drusen (tiny clumps of protein) caused by dry AMD and abnormal blood vessels and bleeding caused by wet AMD. (birthday-graphics.com)

The aim of this study was to describe the phenotype of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy occurring in pediatric females. (bvsalud.org)
We searched PubMed through February 2021 and identified 226 pediatric females with genetically confirmed Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and added a new case of a 3-year-old female. (bvsalud.org)
ABSTRACT: A 64-year-old man presented with painless sequential bilateral vision loss, consistent with optic neuropathy, over the span of months. (bvsalud.org)
A mutation in mitochondrial MT-ND4 gene, consistent with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy. (bvsalud.org)

Optic nerve decompression surgery (also known as optic nerve sheath decompression surgery) involves cutting slits or a window in the optic nerve sheath to allow cerebrospinal fluid to escape, thereby reducing the pressure around the optic nerve. (aetna.com)

The Optic Disc Drusen Studies Consortium had made recommendations to distinguish PHOMS from true optic disc drusen (ODD) in 2018. (regionh.dk)

Proposed IOP-independent mechanisms include vascular insufficiency at the optic nerve head, metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, oxidative stress, and abnormal biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa. (nih.gov)
Some distinct changes in the retinal microvasculature are recognized as the preindicator of subsequent vascular incidents like ischemic stroke or acute stroke [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
En face OCT reflectance images which accompany OCTA studies offer a glimpse of the macrophage-like cellular activity above the retinal surface which responds to systemically instigated vascular events below. (stanford.edu)

The developments in high-resolution multimodal retinal imaging have also transformed our ability to make accurate and more timely diagnoses and more sensitive quantitative assessment of disease progression, and allowed the design of optimised clinical trial endpoints for novel therapeutic interventions. (bmj.com)
It highlights the range of innovations in retinal imaging, genotype-phenotype and structure-function associations, animal models of disease and the multiple treatment strategies that are currently in clinical trial or planned in the near future, which are anticipated to lead to significant changes in the management of patients with MDs. (bmj.com)

According to the study of [ 12 ] with a multiethnic cohort, retinal arteriolar narrowing and retinopathy of diabetic free people have an association with increased risk of acute stroke. (hindawi.com)

The participants in the control group had normal healthy eyes and had no visual field or retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects. (oftalmoloji.org)
They had an average RNFL thickness of 94.0 μm (SE 0.6) (adjusted for age and disc area) in their multi-ethnic population. (birthday-graphics.com)

The white, cup-like area in the center of the optic disc. (theeyecenter.com)

Causes of ischemic transient visual loss include giant cell arteritis, cerebrovascular ischemia, retinal arteriolar emboli, and amaurosis fugax syndrome. (medscape.com)
But the Cardiovascular Health Study stated that there is no association between retinal arteriolar caliber (diameter) and stroke but rather there is a close association between stroke and the larger venular caliber (diameter) [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)

The significant decline in his visual function was out of proportion to the appearance of the optic nerves (which were not pale) or changes in his retinal nerve fiber layer thickness on optical coherence tomography. (bvsalud.org)
The OCT machines provide automated, serial analysis of the nerve fiber layer thickness, cup-to-disc ratio, and other measurements. (birthday-graphics.com)

The source of the proteins and lipids in drusen is also not clear, with potential contributions by both the RPE and the choroid. (wikipedia.org)
The Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scanner provides physicians with an automated, segmented representation of the choroid and retinal layers. (birthday-graphics.com)

Clinically, the light incident from the ophthalmoscope undergoes total internal reflection through the axonal fibers, and subsequent reflection from the capillaries on the disc surface gives rise to the characteristic yellow-pink color of a healthy optic disc. (medscape.com)

Optical coherence tomography scans of the orbits or head, calcification at the head of the optic nerve without change in size of globe strongly suggests drusen in a middle-age or elderly patient. (wikipedia.org)
Peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) are a new retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding. (regionh.dk)

It is always worth highlighting that bilateral swollen discs can represent an ocular emergency. (optometry-evolution.com)

The optic nerve head sits at a major transition between an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure (intracranial pressure) and is composed of 4 types of cells: ganglion cell axons, astrocytes, capillary-associated cells, and fibroblasts. (medscape.com)

Zinc in drusen has been suggested to play a role in drusen formation by precipitating and inhibiting the elements of the complement cascade, especially complement factor H. The presence of molecules that regulate inflammation in drusen has led some investigators to conclude that these deposits are product of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)

LCA/EOSRD form part of a spectrum of inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) that cause severe visual loss at an early age. (gene.vision)

NTG can masquerade as other optic neuropathies, and care should be taken to adequately investigate other causes when indicated. (nih.gov)
Dr. Liao's research is focused on the pathogenesis and novel treatment of optic neuropathies, which are diseases affecting the 1.2 million axons connecting the eye (captures visual information) and the brain (interprets visual information). (stanford.edu)
and (3) testing of novel treatment for optic neuropathies, including neuroprotection and regenerative therapy. (stanford.edu)

Retrograde degeneration - Degeneration starts from the proximal portion of the axon and proceeds toward the optic disc (eg, optic nerve compression by intracranial tumor). (medscape.com)

[ 4 , 5 ] The mechanism for transient visual loss in these conditions is not fully understood but may be related to hypoperfusion of the optic nerve. (medscape.com)
I see quite a lot of tilted discs, which by default have areas of the NRR that appear thinned, and may produce a visual field defect. (optometry-evolution.com)
Visual loss secondary to optic nerve drusen. (aetna.com)
Initial results of uncontrolled studies suggested that optic nerve sheath decompression was a promising treatment of progressive visual loss in patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
The investigators concluded that optic nerve decompression surgery is not an effective treatment for NAION, and in fact, may increase the risk of progressive visual loss in NAION patients. (aetna.com)
Whereas IOP is the main driver of progressive visual loss in most patients with POAG, NTG likely represents a heterogeneous or multifactorial group of etiologies, with a common final pathway of retinal ganglion cell loss. (nih.gov)
It occurs with heteronymous visual field loss and is thought to result from the loss of corresponding retinal points. (uk.com)
In the U.S., (1) visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye with corrective lenses (20/200 means that a person must be at 20 feet from an eye chart to see what a person with normal vision can see at 200 feet) or (2) visual field restricted to 20 degrees diameter or less (tunnel vision) in the better eye. (theeyecenter.com)
Her confrontation visual fields were full-to-careful finger counting, and motility testing was normal. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The retinal message concerning the photic input and some preliminary organization of the visual image into several forms of sensation are transmitted to the brain from the spiking discharge pattern of the ganglion cells. (org.es)
It is at the culmination of all this neural processing in the inner plexiform layer that the message concerning the visual image is transmitted to the brain along the optic nerve. (org.es)

Optic nerve fibers exhibit marked degeneration, with excessive proliferation of glial tissue. (medscape.com)

Usually being asymptomatic, drusen are typically found during routine eye exams where the pupils have been dilated. (wikipedia.org)

The average optic nerve head is 1 mm deep, 1.5 mm wide, 1.8 mm deep at the retinal level. (medscape.com)
The blood supply at the optic nerve head is provided by pial capillaries arising from the circle of Zinn-Haller. (medscape.com)
In this latest blog post I thought it might be useful to give a short overview of how to examine the optic nerve head. (optometry-evolution.com)
There are however several variants of optic nerve head which sometimes make our conventional analysis pretty much impossible. (optometry-evolution.com)
It is only by doing this that we can consider any degree of optic nerve head cupping, or thinning of the NRR in proper context. (optometry-evolution.com)
This is measured by lining up a vertical beam of light from the slit lamp over the nerve head and reducing the height until it matches that of the disc and reading the height off the beam height graticule. (optometry-evolution.com)
There is a really useful tool called the Disc Damage Likelihood Scale developed by Dr George Spaeth, which you can look up which equates disc size and NRR changes, which is really how we have to think about the optic nerve head. (optometry-evolution.com)
This is probably the key to examining the optic nerve head in most eyes. (optometry-evolution.com)
Casuistry: During the examination of a 5-year-old patient after an alleged head injury at a bouncy castle, an optic nerve papilla with unclear boundaries was described on the ocular background of both eyes. (bvsalud.org)

The examination of the left eye was normal. (retinavitreousjournal.com)

Rotterdam cohort study also came into a decision after a long-term observation that the retinal venular diameter is associated with any stroke or ischemic stroke [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy2

Diseases5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Retina20

Pigment5

Ischemic optic neur7

Atrophy11

Association with optic disc d2

Macular5

Central retinal a1

Papilledema9

Neuritis3

Macula1

Compressive optic neuropathy1

Intraocular pressure3

Prevalence3

Fundus7

Edema2

Presence of drusen1

Choroidal1

Glaucoma22

Occlusion1

Abnormalities4

Anterior5

Autosomal2

Periphery2

Blood vessels2

Neuropathy4

Cerebrospinal fluid1

Studies Consortium1

Vascular3

Clinical2

Retinopathy1

RNFL2

Center of the optic1

Arteriolar2

Thickness2

Choroid2

Ophthalmoscope1

Optical2

Bilateral1

Ganglion cell axons1

Deposits1

Dystrophies1

Neuropathies3

Intracranial1

Visual11

Nerve fibers1

Asymptomatic1

Head9

Examination1

Cohort1