Reactive oxygenSaturationCardiacEPOCHyperbaric OxygenUptakeMetabolismArterialMeasurementMetabolicGlucoseCerebralCarbonEnough oxygenLactateAcutePhysiologicalHBOTHigher oxygenPhysiologyObeseMitochondrialAmount of oxygenMicePatientsPulmonaryMitochondriaLevelsConcentrationAdequate oxygenVesselHemoglobinSignificantlyTensionNIRSVesselsPathophysiologyRateExtractionHypoxicMusclesMaskResearchersIntervalsTissueTherapyRemainderRespiratoryBodyPregnancyEfficiencyRegulationExerciseAlcoholReductionFunction
Reactive oxygen7
- Our mechanistic studies have generated data showing that UCP2 helps to limit ATP generation by OXPHOS in hPSCs by inhibiting pyruvate access to the TCA cycle, which reduces oxygen consumption and limits the production of reactive oxygen species. (ca.gov)
- 10- 14 These cardiovascular effects can potentially contribute to the worse outcomes observed with high flow oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction, 15 stroke, 16 neonatal resuscitation 17 and fulminant sepsis, 18 although the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species causing reperfusion injury may also play a role. (bmj.com)
- Hypoxic vascular endothelial cells activate white blood cells, which bind to the endothelium and release directly damaging substances (eg, reactive oxygen species, proteolytic enzymes) and inflammatory mediators (eg, cytokines, leukotrienes, tumor necrosis factor). (msdmanuals.com)
- The mechanisms of iron-overloading-associated HCC development include the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation cytokines, dysregulated hepcidin, and ferroportin metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
- The in vitro effects of metronidazole on the production of reactive oxygen species by polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells were studied by means of nitroblue tetrazolium and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. (who.int)
- At therapeutic doses of metronidazole (4.98-24.86 μg/mL) significant inhibition of the production of reactive oxygen species was noted in both methods. (who.int)
- The data suggest a scavenging mechanism of metronidazole on reactive oxygen species generated by PMN. (who.int)
Saturation11
- The CaO2 depends on how much oxygen-carrying capacity is available, which is primarily a function of the hemoglobin (Hb) level and the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). (medscape.com)
- At the ED, his temperature was 98.1°F (36.7°C), pulse 75 beats/min, respiratory rate 24 breaths/min, blood pressure 160/87 mmHg, and blood oxygen saturation 100% on room air. (cdc.gov)
- Her temperature was 98.1°F (36.7°C), pulse 71 beats/min, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, blood pressure 110/74 mmHg, and blood oxygen saturation 100% on room air. (cdc.gov)
- Oxygen tension and saturation fell and CO2 tension rose significantly at maximal exercise in CCHS but not in control subjects. (nih.gov)
- 1 We proposed that a different alignment may be preferable for clinicians in demonstrating its beneficial characteristics, enhancing both the "pick up" of oxygen despite cardiorespiratory disease and the "drop off" of oxygen to the tissues despite falling oxygen saturation (fig 1). (bmj.com)
- Right: Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve realigned to demonstrate its two key characteristics: (a) haemoglobin maintains high levels of saturation despite marked reductions in oxygen tension, and (b) oxygen tension remains relatively stable as oxyhaemoglobin saturation declines. (bmj.com)
- These characteristics result in (a) the pick up of oxygen by haemoglobin being maintained despite reduced oxygen tension, and (b) delivery of oxygen to the tissues being maintained despite progressively falling oxyhaemoglobin saturation. (bmj.com)
- The Brain Oxygenation-II study (BOx-II) is a phase-II, multicenter, single-arm clinical trial evaluating interventions based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation in extremely premature infants. (stanford.edu)
- Enrolled infants will follow a treatment guideline to maintain cerebral oxygen saturation in a target range within the first 72 hours of life. (stanford.edu)
- 5 , 6 MR susceptometry uses gradient-echo phase maps to estimate oxygen saturation in segments of the jugular and gray matter veins. (ajnr.org)
- 7 , 8 Susceptibility-weighted imaging is a type of MR susceptometry that can obtain measurements of venous oxygen saturation by using the phase difference between the venous blood and surrounding tissue. (ajnr.org)
Cardiac6
- The Fick principle, as applied to cardiac output, relies on the recognition that the total uptake of oxygen by the peripheral tissues is equal to the product of the blood flow to the peripheral tissues and the arterial-venous oxygen concentration difference. (medscape.com)
- DO2 depends on the amount of blood pumped per minute, or cardiac output (CO), and the arterial oxygen content of that blood (CaO2). (medscape.com)
- The meal increased heart rate, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and minute ventilation at rest and during exercise. (bmj.com)
- High flow oxygen resulting in hyperoxia also has the potential to cause significant adverse cardiovascular effects with increased systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, decreased cardiac output and reduced coronary, cerebral and renal blood flow. (bmj.com)
- Localized vasodilation may shunt blood past the capillary exchange beds, causing focal hypoperfusion despite normal cardiac output and blood pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
- The exceptionally high demand for circulating blood and oxygen is reflected is reflected in the disproportionately high rate of CBF compared with flow to other parts of the body, comprising 20% of the cardiac output and 15% of oxygen consumption when the body is at rest, even though the brain makes up only 2% of the body weight. (vin.com)
EPOC5
- To determine the magnitude and duration of the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), five obese (OB) and five normal weight (NW) women were studied following steady state and interval type exercise. (bsu.edu)
- The EPOC/ exercise oxygen consumption ratio was greater for the 30/90% trial (7.4% ± 2.3) compared to the 60% trial (3.9% ± .79). (bsu.edu)
- Fitness professionals refer to this concept as excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC). (stack.com)
- Intervals allow you to perform more work increasing your Excess Post Oxygen Consumption (EPOC). (ntcc.edu)
- This results in a revved up metabolism for 16-24 hours after you leave the gym-the phenomenon is referred to as Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen consumption, or EPOC. (newbeauty.com)
Hyperbaric Oxygen2
Uptake3
- We tested the hypotheses that walking is more expensive for obese women, and they prefer slower walking speeds that minimize the gross energy cost per distance despite a greater relative aerobic effort [percent of maximal oxygen uptake (Vo(2max))/kg]. (nih.gov)
- The MAL and steady state heart rate and oxygen uptake at the MAL were monitored for experiments that simulated work shifts of 8 and 12 hours. (cdc.gov)
- We identified contrasting groups of fast germinating genotypes such as Aditya, Nidhi, and Swarnadhan, which were also least delayed by N and slow germinating genotypes such as Panvel 1, Triguna, and Vikramarya, which were also most delayed by N. Oxygen uptake measurements in the seeds of contrasting genotypes revealed that they were affected by N source in accordance with germination rates, especially with urea. (org.in)
Metabolism3
- Patients with a poor WE had earlier anaerobic metabolism, a poorer oxygen pulse, lower exercise capacity, more exertional dyspnea, and a poorer HRQL than those with a normal WE. (mendeley.com)
- In the nonstressed physiologic state, adequate oxygen and glucose are delivered intracellularly to mitochondria that generate 36 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules per glucose molecule via aerobic metabolism and the Krebs cycle. (medscape.com)
- Once perfusion declines and oxygen delivery to cells is inadequate for aerobic metabolism, cells shift to anaerobic metabolism with increased production of carbon dioxide and elevated blood lactate levels. (msdmanuals.com)
Arterial6
- It was hoped that, through a different perspective of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve, it might be possible to overcome the ingrained practice of doctors, nurses and paramedics to prescribe high flow oxygen to breathless patients who do not necessarily have arterial hypoxaemia. (bmj.com)
- Paradoxically, high flow oxygen in excess of that required to relieve arterial hypoxaemia may cause a reversible decrease in oxygen consumption. (bmj.com)
- These adverse effects are not widely known and high flow oxygen is widely prescribed to breathless patients, regardless of the presence of arterial hypoxaemia. (bmj.com)
- Our aim was to measure the CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen use in patients with different severities of middle cerebral artery stenosis or acute stroke by using the arterial spin-labeling and susceptibility-weighted imaging techniques. (ajnr.org)
- Arterial spin-labeling and SWI sequences were used to acquire CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. (ajnr.org)
- It is possible to use both parameters and the arterial oxygen content to derive cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO 2 ) use, which is of critical importance in the occurrence of stroke. (ajnr.org)
Measurement5
- Errors with the Fick CO result from a leaky gas collection apparatus, inaccuracies in the measurement of inhaled and exhaled oxygen concentrations (these are particularly common when high levels of oxygen are used), and from errors in the calculations and/or measurements of blood oxygen contents. (medscape.com)
- The researchers say this level of exertion, which is near to the exertion often encountered in normal recreation and activities of daily living, may be the more relevant measurement for those who have undergone the Fontan operation. (nih.gov)
- After 3 h contact time, measurement of oxygen consumption in BOD bottle (approximately 10 min or less, depending on how fast oxygen consumption occurs). (europa.eu)
- Creatinine measurement serves as a test for normal glomerular filtration. (cdc.gov)
- In adults, a normal blood pressure measurement is about 120/80 mmHg. (medlineplus.gov)
Metabolic8
- Key physiologic parameters that affect metabolic homeostasis include tissue blood flow, the balance between oxygen delivery and demand, and the oxygen content. (medscape.com)
- Ventilation is related to the metabolic demands of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide elimination necessary to meet a given level of activity. (aafp.org)
- In all the mice, metabolic measurements such as consumption of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide dropped in as little as 10 minutes after they began inhaling hydrogen sulfide, remained low as long as the gas was administered, and returned to normal within 30 minutes of the resumption of a normal air supply. (futurismic.com)
- With the advances of magnetic resonance technology, the CBF, oxygen extraction fraction, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen can be measured in MRI. (ajnr.org)
- Hemispheres with occluded MCA (group 3) or acute stroke (group 4) had a significantly lower CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen and a significantly higher oxygen extraction fraction than the contralateral hemisphere. (ajnr.org)
- When this offset a decrease in CBF, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen remained at a normal level. (ajnr.org)
- An occluded MCA led to reduction in both the CBF and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. (ajnr.org)
- Moreover, the oxygen extraction fraction and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the occluded MCA region during acute stroke. (ajnr.org)
Glucose5
- Shock is defined as a state of acute energy failure due to inadequate glucose substrate delivery, oxygen delivery, or mitochondrial failure at the cellular level. (medscape.com)
- However, this cancer-associated stress is relevant since studies suggest that glucose may be more limiting than oxygen within the TME 32 . (nature.com)
- Critically, we also have generated data showing that hPSCs forced to generate ATP by OXPHOS in limiting glucose and abundant oxygen fail to do so and instead stall in the cell cycle, unlike differentiated NHDFs which adapt rapidly. (ca.gov)
- The central nervous system (CNS) requires a continuous supply of glucose and oxygen to sustain its high expenditure of energy. (vin.com)
- Comparing their trial results with those of placebo and glucose infusion studies, the authors concluded that although during exercise lipids are an important fuel source in persons with GSD type V, maximal fat oxidation rates during exercise cannot be raised above physiologically normal rates in these patients. (medscape.com)
Cerebral2
- Cerebral circulation and oxygen consumption elevate. (medscape.com)
- A reduction in cerebral blood flow in brain tissue is typically accompanied by a compensatory increase in the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) to maintain normal neuronal function. (ajnr.org)
Carbon1
- The carotid and aortic bodies and central chemoreceptors respond to the partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2 ), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ) and pH of the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. (aafp.org)
Enough oxygen2
- During a HIIT workout, your body can't shuttle enough oxygen to your muscles during periods of hard work. (stack.com)
- Under aerobic conditions, there is enough oxygen to react with all the free radicals and addition of metronidazole, or any other sensitizers, yields no further benefit. (who.int)
Lactate1
- Beyond this threshold, oxygen debt develops and blood lactate levels rise. (medscape.com)
Acute2
- The authors consider oxygen as a manipulated variable or as a corrective element during normal pregnancy, during delivery and during acute and chronic oxygen deficiency. (powells.com)
- Acute Oxygen Deficiency During Pregnancy and Birth. (powells.com)
Physiological2
- This treatment is used to hasten tissue recovery and improve its physiological aspects, by providing an increased supply of oxygen to the damaged tissue. (mdpi.com)
- 19 This effect is likely to be due to maldistribution of blood flow, with functional shunting to protect the vital organs from non-physiological effects of high oxygen tension. (bmj.com)
HBOT1
- Therefore, the patient cannot benefit from most of the positive effects of HBOT, which are systemic or occur at a level deeper than topical oxygen can penetrate (see Hyperbaric Physics and Physiology section below). (medscape.com)
Higher oxygen2
- Furthermore, hPSCs consume oxygen at the same rate as NHDFs, although NHDFs have a higher oxygen consumption capacity than hPSCs, which are at their maximum. (ca.gov)
- In addition, hemispheres with severe MCA stenosis (group 2) had significantly lower CBF and a significantly higher oxygen extraction fraction than the contralateral hemisphere. (ajnr.org)
Physiology1
- The physiology of normal respiration and gas exchange is complex, and that of dyspnea is even more so. (aafp.org)
Obese2
Mitochondrial2
- Our data shows that the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes are assembled and functional and show that they are quantitatively equivalent in amount and functional potential to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). (ca.gov)
- The method involves microinjecting heterologous mitochondria into an oocyte or embryonic cell wherein the heterologous mitochondria are capable of achieving at least normal levels of mitochondrial membrane potential in the oocyte or embryonic cell. (justia.com)
Amount of oxygen2
- A small, but typically insignificant, amount of oxygen is directly dissolved in the blood rather than bound to Hb. (medscape.com)
- Radiosensitizers are chemical agents that have the potential to increase the lethal effect of radicals induced during irradiation [1-6].The extent of radiation damage to cells is dependent on the amount of oxygen available to the cell [1,2,7,8]. (who.int)
Mice1
- Of course, it's always a large and fraught step from mice to humans, but if this discovery is transferable to humans, it could be used to allow organ function to be preserved when oxygen supply is limited, such as after a traumatic injury, the researchers say. (futurismic.com)
Patients8
- We compared these parameters between patients with a normal versus poor WE. (mendeley.com)
- PR improved exercise capacity, HRQL, anaerobic threshold, exertional dyspnea and leg fatigue in patients with either normal or poor WE. (mendeley.com)
- However, significant improvement of WE, oxygen pulse, respiratory frequency (Rf) during exercise, chest tightness, activity and sleepiness by CAT were noted only in patients with a poor WE. (mendeley.com)
- Among the patients with a poor WE, 29% patients had WE returned to normal after PR. (mendeley.com)
- Patients in a multiplace chamber breathe 100% oxygen via a mask or close-fitting plastic hood. (medscape.com)
- Six months after the start of treatment, participants in the udenafil group did not significantly improve in peak exercise performance, but significantly improved in their ability to sustain sub-maximal exercise measured by oxygen consumption (+33 mL/min), compared to patients in the placebo group (-9 mL/min). (nih.gov)
- Even in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in respiratory failure, the risks of high flow oxygen therapy are often not recognised. (bmj.com)
- [ 2 ] The patients, who cycled at a constant workload corresponding to 70% of their maximum oxygen consumption, received either nicotinic acid or 20% Intralipid infusion, which, respectively, reduced or increased free fatty acid availability. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary5
- The work of Paul Bert, who demonstrated the toxic effects of oxygen (producing generalized seizures), as well as the work of J. Lorrain-Smith, who demonstrated pulmonary oxygen toxicity, were used with Navy divers. (medscape.com)
- The potential adverse pulmonary effects of high flow oxygen therapy were recognised soon after its widespread use in clinical practice. (bmj.com)
- High flow oxygen was shown to result in worsening ventilation-perfusion mismatch due to absorption atelectasis and inhibition of reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction. (bmj.com)
- Perhaps the least recognised risk with high flow oxygen is that its use may lead to a delay in the ability to recognise and treat a progressive deterioration in pulmonary function. (bmj.com)
- Considerations were a thrombosed tricuspid valve atresia, pulmonary valve stenosis, balloon angioplasty is currently approved in the differential diagnosis the child and leads to significant edema and, rarely, fludrocortisone may have fewer side effects and to potentially toxic dose is not forthcoming from physical findings, and laboratory findings consist of menorrhagia normal intervals with excessive nitric oxide no. (elastizell.com)
Mitochondria2
- both hESCs and hiPSCs) contain mitochondria that, while they do appear underdeveloped with a fragmented morphology and disorganized inner membrane, actively consume oxygen without generating much ATP. (ca.gov)
- This data suggests that hPSCs contain functional mitochondria poised for differentiation and exposure to higher, potentially toxic levels of oxygen in the female reproductive tract as development proceeds, rather than what was assumed to be a developmental switch to make PSC mitochondria expand disproportionately to their total cellular mass and become functional with differentiation. (ca.gov)
Levels5
- What are "normal" cholesterol levels? (thefitmeal.com)
- Exposure times to oxygen at different depths of water (and, hence, different levels of pressure) were quantified and tested based on time to convulsions. (medscape.com)
- While respiration rate also decreased, there were no changes in blood oxygen levels, suggesting that vital organs were not at risk of oxygen starvation. (futurismic.com)
- The relationship between unstable blood pressure and oxygen levels and brain injury has not been well elucidated. (stanford.edu)
- Improved knowledge of factors affecting the levels and distribution of oxygen within a tumor is needed. (lu.se)
Concentration1
Adequate oxygen1
- an adequate oxygen supply is vital for the undisturbed development of the fetus and its functions. (powells.com)
Vessel2
- The gas used to pressurize the vessel is usually 100% oxygen. (medscape.com)
- RESULTS: Decreased pO(2) shifted the oxygen distribution to lower values, whereas decreased vessel density caused the distribution to widen and shift to lower values. (lu.se)
Hemoglobin1
- When a patient is given 100% oxygen under pressure, hemoglobin is saturated, but the blood can be hyperoxygenated by dissolving oxygen within the plasma. (medscape.com)
Significantly1
- The author concludes that experience on the job significantly influences the normal MAL of workers, and that experienced and inexperienced workers generally respond to task variables similarly. (cdc.gov)
Tension2
- In a recent commentary we argued that the traditional representation of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve developed by physiologists may be disconcerting for clinicians because of the prominence of the steep slope of oxygen desaturation with falling oxygen tension. (bmj.com)
- The steady-state oxygen tension field of the tumor was calculated by iteratively employing Green's function method for diffusion and the Michaelis-Menten model for consumption. (lu.se)
NIRS1
- This study investigates the utility of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a non-invasive oxygen-measuring device, to identify preterm infants at highest risk for brain injury or death. (stanford.edu)
Vessels1
- Other genes associated with essential hypertension are important for the normal function of the lining of blood vessels (the vascular endothelium ). (medlineplus.gov)
Pathophysiology1
- Although the sufficiency of tissue oxygenation cannot be directly measured and varies by time and tissue-type, the relationship of oxygenation delivery and consumption is key to understanding the pathophysiology of shock. (medscape.com)
Rate3
- The heart rates and rates of oxygen consumption of the students generally decreased at a slower rate than those of the industrial workers. (cdc.gov)
- Then slow to your normal rate until you reach the next pole. (ntcc.edu)
- Your muscles accumulate a deficit of oxygen, and in order to get back to normal, your body offsets this deficit with an increased rate of oxygen to restore and rebuild damaged muscle protein following your workout. (newbeauty.com)
Extraction2
Hypoxic2
- They respire through their gills, lungs and skin, and survive well in hypoxic environments low in oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
- Metronidazole selectively radiosensitizes hypoxic cells without influencing the radiation response of normal well-oxygenated cells [5,7-9]. (who.int)
Muscles2
- Muscles show contraction weakness and lack of normal contraction potentiation. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, your muscles accumulate an oxygen "debt" that must be repaid post-workout in order to get back to normal. (stack.com)
Mask1
- Participants pedaled on a special exercise bicycle while wearing a mask that measured oxygen consumption. (nih.gov)
Researchers1
- Because these genes play an integral role in normal blood pressure control, researchers suspect that variations in them might impair blood pressure control and contribute to hypertension. (medlineplus.gov)
Intervals2
Tissue1
- Regardless, the impaired oxygen delivery at the tissue level results in depressed cellular respiration and potential organ dysfunction. (bmj.com)
Therapy4
- Is it time to change the approach to oxygen therapy in the breathless patient? (bmj.com)
- 2- 4 However, such a change of long established practice would also require a recognition of the risks of inappropriate high flow oxygen therapy. (bmj.com)
- he was receiving oxygen therapy. (cdc.gov)
- A prolonged diagnostic process and delayed treatment initiation had meanwhile resulted in significant deterioration of health, including need for oxygen therapy, and loss of ability to work. (cdc.gov)
Remainder1
- The patient does not breathe the oxygen, nor is the remainder of the body pressurized. (medscape.com)
Respiratory1
- respiratory effort, mental status, and strength testing were normal. (cdc.gov)
Body3
- Modern food portions are often excessive compared to what the body needs for normal function. (alkalife.com)
- As the heart beats, it forces blood through the arteries to deliver nutrients and oxygen to the rest of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- When blood pressure is elevated, the heart and arteries have to work harder than normal to pump blood through the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Pregnancy2
- Contents: Oxygen Supply of the Fetus During Pregnancy and Birth. (powells.com)
- Chronic Oxygen Deficiency During Pregnancy: Impact of the Fetus. (powells.com)
Efficiency2
- Work efficiency (WE) indicates the efficiency of overall oxygen consumption (VO2) during exercise. (mendeley.com)
- Concomitantly lower oxygen consumption and change of enthalpy were observed, and hence LV energy efficiency was unchanged. (frontiersin.org)
Regulation2
- This book gives a synopsis of the ruling influence that oxygen has in multiple regulation sytems in the mother and especially in the fetus. (powells.com)
- Regulation of normal blood pressure (BP) is a complex process. (medscape.com)
Exercise3
- PR improved exercise capacity and HRQL regardless of a normal or poor WE. (mendeley.com)
- Effects of food on the central and peripheral haemodynamic response to upright exercise in normal volunteers. (bmj.com)
- While diet and exercise help, one of the best ways to combat acidosis and keep bodily pH balanced is through regular consumption of high pH alkaline water. (alkalife.com)
Alcohol2
- The feeling of dizziness from alcohol is actual a depletion of oxygen to the brain, killing brain cells. (alkalife.com)
- He reports occasional alcohol consumption of approximately two to three glasses of wine on the weekends. (medscape.com)
Reduction1
Function1
- First, LV mechanical function returns to normal upon relief of RV pressure overload. (frontiersin.org)