Normal embryonic stem cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

If stem cells can be used to produce new and differentiated cells that are damaged because of disease (such as Parkinson's disease) or injury (e.g., spinal cord damage), it would transform regenerative medicine. (erlc.com)
Due to their plasticity and potentially unlimited capacity for self-renewal, embryonic stem cell therapies have been proposed for regenerative medicine and tissue replacement after injury or disease. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to their potential in regenerative medicine, embryonic stem cells provide a possible alternative source of tissue/organs which serves as a possible solution to the donor shortage dilemma. (wikipedia.org)
To exploit the full potential of human pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine, developmental biology and drug discovery, defined culture conditions are needed. (nih.gov)
This has catalyzed research in both early embryogenesis as a model system for mammalian development as well as regenerative medicine as a renewable source of unspecialized cells which can be converted into nearly any cell type required by a patient. (utexas.edu)
earlier this week Wu, who co-directs the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute , received$1.44 million from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine to collect tissue samples to create iPS cells from several hundred patients with idiopathic familial dilated cardiomyopathy - that is, members of families with a predisposition to develop enlarged and weakened hearts without an obvious cause. (stanford.edu)
SAN DIEGO , July 17, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- ViaCyte, Inc., a privately held regenerative medicine company developing a cell replacement therapy for the treatment of diabetes, today announced that it has filed an Investigational New Drug application (IND) with the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) seeking to initiate a Phase 1/2 clinical trial in patients with type 1 diabetes. (biospace.com)
The ViaCyte team has been assisted and supported by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) a leading organization focused on advancing the field of stem cell-based technologies, and JDRF, the leading advocacy organization for patients with type 1 diabetes," added Dr. Laikind. (biospace.com)
ViaCyte is a private regenerative medicine company currently focused on development of a novel cell therapy for the treatment of diabetes. (biospace.com)
Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, Humana Press, pp. 49-68. (dundee.ac.uk)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

2012 ) Transgenic enrichment of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived progenitor motor neurons. (neurotree.org)
This thesis showed that this rare progenitor pool is established during embryonic development when airways are still branching. (columbia.edu)
ViaCyte's VC-01 product candidate consists of pancreatic progenitor cells, called PEC-01 cells, which are derived from a proprietary human embryonic stem cell line. (biospace.com)
We have reported that the expression of BMI1 , a member of PcG, in hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells predicts the prognosis of patients with MDS and progression to acute leukemia. (karger.com)
The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
Early fate decisions in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (lu.se)
Recent studies have isolated distinct cell populations from infantile hemangiomas that display properties equivalent to aberrant progenitor cells, suggesting that, in addition to malignant tumors, benign tumors may also contain a stem cell-like component. (medscape.com)
Firstly, we present a robust 2-week protocol for the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into forebrain neural progenitor cells. (lu.se)

2006 ) Optimization of fibrin scaffolds for differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells into neural lineage cells. (neurotree.org)
Boyer LA, Plath K, Zeitlinger J, Brambrink T, Medeiros LA, et al: Polycomb complexes repress developmental regulators in murine embryonic stem cells. (karger.com)

The issue of research involving stem cells derived from human embryos is increasingly the subject of a national debate and dinner table discussions," said President George W. Bush in a 2001 speech announcing his policy on embryonic stem cell research. (erlc.com)
Where do the embryos for embryonic stem cells come from? (erlc.com)
Currently, all human embryonic stem cell lines in use today were created from embryos generated by IVF. (erlc.com)
Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4-5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50-150 cells. (wikipedia.org)
Isolating the inner cell mass (embryoblast) using immunosurgery results in destruction of the blastocyst, a process which raises ethical issues, including whether or not embryos at the pre-implantation stage have the same moral considerations as embryos in the post-implantation stage of development. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), derived from the blastocyst stage of early mammalian embryos, are distinguished by their ability to differentiate into any embryonic cell type and by their ability to self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
Currently, embryos left over from infertility treatments are the only source of human embryonic stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
But it also plays a much more mundane role in regular cell development, and the formation of blood cells and the cells that form the spinal cord in later-stage embryos. (sciencedaily.com)
Embryonic stem cells are derived from early embryos and have the ability to differentiate into any cell type. (spiked-online.com)
Background: The transcription factor B-Myb is present in all proliferating cells, and in mice engineered to remove this gene, embryos die in utero just after implantation due to inner cell mass defects. (harvard.edu)
When combined with normal pre-implantation embryos and transferred to foster mothers, ES cells contribute to the development of many different tissues, including the germline. (cshlpress.com)
They harvested these cells from normal mouse embryos and transplanted them into the occipital cortex of the genetic mice with absence seizures. (neurosciencenews.com)
After becoming chief pathologist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Wisconsin Regional Primate Center in 1995, James A. Thomson began his pioneering work in deriving embryonic stem cells from isolated embryos. (asu.edu)
Through qRT-PCR, Western blot, immunohistofluorescence, and flow cytometry, we showed an increased FOXP2 expression and nuclear localization, a reduced Nestin expression and -positive cells number, and a higher PKCα expression in the cortical neuroepithelium of fourteen-day-old embryos from diabetic rats. (bvsalud.org)

MDS is rare in childhood and may have a rapidly progressive course with an extremely poor prognosis without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). (medscape.com)

Stem cells have two unique characteristics: (1) an almost unlimited capacity for self-renewal (they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells for as long as the person is alive) and (2) they retain the potential to produce differentiated and specialized cell types. (erlc.com)
Self-renewal conditions must prevent the cells from clumping and maintain an environment that supports an unspecialized state. (wikipedia.org)
These characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency enable hES cells having the potential to provide an unlimited supply of different cell types for tissue replacement, drug screening, and functional genomics studies. (ntnu.edu.tw)
These findings will help elucidate the complex signaling network which maintains the self-renewal and pluripotency of hES cells. (ntnu.edu.tw)
We used an array of self-assembled monolayers to identify peptide surfaces that sustain pluripotent stem cell self-renewal. (nih.gov)
We disproved past misconceptions in the field about the role of Yap1 concerning its function in ES cell self-renewal, showing that like the inner cell mass, Yap1 is dispensable for long-term maintenance in culture. (utexas.edu)
Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. (nih.gov)
Recently, evidence has been accumulating on the molecular mechanism underlying self-renewal of stem cells. (karger.com)
Bruggeman SWM, Valk-Lingbeek ME, van der Stoop PPM, Jacobs JJL, Kieboom K, et al: Ink4A and Arf differentially affect cell proliferation and neural stem cell self-renewal in Bmi1-deficient mice. (karger.com)
Here, I review the progress made in understanding how signals from the environment influence pluripotent cell self-renewal and differentiation and discuss some of the differences encountered between pluripotent cells from various species and distinct developmental origins. (dundee.ac.uk)

Lorberbaum DS, Gottlieb D. ( 2011 ) Regulated expression of transgenes in embryonic stem cell-derived neural cells. (neurotree.org)
New research from North Carolina State University pinpoints the areas of the cerebral cortex that are affected in mice with absence epilepsy and shows that transplanting embryonic neural cells into these areas can alleviate symptoms of the disease by reducing seizure activity. (neurosciencenews.com)
To circumvent these obstacles, we have developed two methods for the investigation of human neural cells in culture. (lu.se)

An idea just in the planning stage is to select embryonal stem cells (ESCs) in vitro for phenotypes that may retard aging. (jax.org)
ESCs are immortal, but develop into normal tissues, including germ cells, after injection into an early embryo. (jax.org)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are stem cells that have been taken from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an embryo of about 150 cells that has not yet implanted into a woman's uterus. (erlc.com)
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. (wikipedia.org)
ESCs have a normal karyotype, maintain high telomerase activity, and exhibit remarkable long-term proliferative potential. (wikipedia.org)
When provided with the appropriate signals, ESCs initially form precursor cells that in subsequently differentiate into the desired cell types. (wikipedia.org)
ESCs divide very frequently due to a shortened G1 phase in their cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Retinoblastoma proteins that inhibit the transcription factor E2F until the cell is ready to enter S phase are hyperphosphorylated and inactivated in ESCs, leading to continual expression of proliferation genes. (wikipedia.org)
Despite this difference in the cell cycle when compared to ESCs grown in media containing serum these cells have similar pluripotent characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)

Stem cells have enormous potential for therapeutic applications due to their ability to differentiate into diverse cell types. (omicsonline.org)

In addition to generating pluripotent stem cells, the team showed that mice bred using the cells grew up healthy. (sciencedaily.com)
Cao and her colleagues suspected telomerase may have a function in adult cells when they observed dramatic differences in the laboratory among sibling mice with shortened telomeres. (sciencedaily.com)
To understand what was going on, Cao and her colleagues compared the skin cells of the sibling mice and found that while both cell lines had comparably short telomeres, cells from telomerase-deficient mice stopped dividing sooner and had more malignant transformations than cells from siblings that produced telomerase. (sciencedaily.com)
What's more, the researchers found that as skin cells from non-telomerase-deficient mice approached critical telomere length, they naturally produced a burst of telomerase, which slowed the process of telomere shortening and reduced the amount of DNA damage that could lead to cancer. (sciencedaily.com)
To see if what they observed in mice held true for humans, the team conducted laboratory studies on human skin cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are important vehicles for transfer of genes into mice. (cshlpress.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)
But we still don't understand the mechanisms behind what the normal inhibitory cells are doing in areas of the visual cortex of absence epileptic mice," Ghashghaei says. (neurosciencenews.com)
These mice weren't normal, but they weren't Down syndrome mice, either," says Reeves, whose lab had already spent 15 years studying the mouse version of DSCR. (eurekalert.org)
Physical inspection of these animals' offspring showed that triple-DSCR mice were bigger than normal mice. (eurekalert.org)
Mice with only one copy of DSCR were smaller than normal, similar to a well-studied mouse version of Down syndrome that has three copies of many more of the genes found on human chromosome 21. (eurekalert.org)
We hypothesize that transplanted over expressing ptfla-ES cells in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice will attenuate cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and improve cardiac function. (ucf.edu)
In this investigation we divided C57/bl6 mice into three groups: Control, STZ, and STZ + ptflaES cells. (ucf.edu)
Following STZ injections, mice were transplanted with 1.2 million ptfla-ES cells in three days. (ucf.edu)
Researchers at MIT and Harvard have used insulin-producing cells to restore insulin function in mice for an extended period. (gizmodo.com)
Now, they've taken those mass-produced cells and transplanted them into mice, effectively switching off the disease for six months, without provoking an immune response. (gizmodo.com)
After transplantation in mice, the cells began to produce insulin in response to blood glucose levels. (gizmodo.com)
Transgenic mice are mice that contain additional, artificially introduced genetic material in every cell. (yourgenome.org)
For the mice with two mothers, the scientists started off with embryonic stem cells from a female mouse. (theguardian.com)
When the modified stem cells were injected into the unfertilised egg of a second female mouse, the genetic material from the two female mice combined to form an embryo. (theguardian.com)
The mice were normal, lived to adulthood and had babies of their own. (theguardian.com)
To determine how the pathogenesis of these viruses differs, we compared their ability to induce disease in mice and replicate and induce cell death in vitro. (cdc.gov)

This study was developed to compare the morphological, proliferative and immunophenotypic profiles of pulp cells from permanent and primary teeth, obtained by two isolation methods. (bvsalud.org)

Another method is ' haploidisation ' where a normal body cell is stimulated to become a gamete by splitting and ejecting half of its chromosomes. (we-make-money-not-art.com)
Their analyses showed that the hybrid cells were "tetraploid" - meaning they contained the combined chromosomes of both the somatic cells and the embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Then scientists in Hopkins' Transgenic Mouse Facility inserted each of the engineered chromosomes into mouse embryonic stem cells, creating stem cells with either three copies of DSCR or only one copy of DSCR. (eurekalert.org)

As stem cells within a developing human embryo differentiate within the cell, their capacity to diversify generally becomes more limited and their ability to generate many differentiated cell types also becomes more restricted. (erlc.com)
Embryonic stem cells of the inner cell mass are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate to generate primitive ectoderm, which ultimately differentiates during gastrulation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. (wikipedia.org)
These germ layers generate each of the more than 220 cell types in the adult human body. (wikipedia.org)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can generate an unlimited source of RPE for cellular therapies, and clinical trials have been initiated. (ca.gov)
Blastocytes obtained through nuclear transfers would be used to generate the embryonic stem cells that could be differentiated to specific tissues or organs for transfer to the nuclear donor. (spiked-online.com)
Surprisingly, lineage analysis showed that early in development these cells were able to generate all epithelial cell types of the airways and alveolar compartment. (columbia.edu)
However, as development proceeds, they underwent two sequential lineage segregation events to finally generate two regionally distinct adult stem cell pools. (columbia.edu)
In addition, we are very interested in methods being devised by multiple labs around the world to 'reprogram' cells from transplantation patients to generate normal GABAergic and other types of neurons. (neurosciencenews.com)
Embryonic stem cells were used to generate the human insulin-producing cells, which were virtually identical to normal cells. (gizmodo.com)
Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)

Targeted clone R-Olig2 (like the other clones) retained pluripotency, typical hESC morphology, and a normal parental karyotype 46,XY. (ca.gov)
The resulting cells maintained a normal karyotype and had high levels of pluripotency markers. (nih.gov)
Here we analyzed a large collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. (nih.gov)

Growing cells in the lab requires a supporting network of hardier cells called fibroblasts to provide just the right growing conditions. (newscientist.com)
However, embryonic stem cells do not grow on normal immortalised fibroblasts. (newscientist.com)
Now Howard Green, a cell biologist at Harvard University in Cambridge, US, has developed a strain of immortalised fibroblasts on which embryonic stem cells will happily grow. (newscientist.com)
The patent does not say exactly what makes the new strain of fibroblasts so stem-cell friendly, but the work could significantly improve the prospects for research in this area. (newscientist.com)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
10. Kamata N, Fujimoto R, Tomonari M, Taki M, Nagayama M, Yasumoto S. Immortalization of human dental papilla, dental pulp, periodontal ligament cells and gingival fibroblasts by telomerase reverse transcriptase. (bvsalud.org)

All specialized cells arise originally from stem cells, and ultimately form a small number of embryonic cells that appear during the first few days of development. (erlc.com)
Rapid cell division allows the cells to quickly grow in number, but not size, which is important for early embryo development. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we targeted Olig2, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays an important role in motoneuron and oligodendrocyte development, in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line BG01 by homologous recombination. (ca.gov)
Stem cells also provide a model system in which researchers can study the causes of genetic disease and the basis of embryonic development. (news-medical.net)
Our assays showed that the hybrid cells, unlike adult cells, showed the development potential of embryonic stem cells," said Eggan. (news-medical.net)
We show that the enzymatic acetylation and deacetylation of a cell surface carbohydrate controls B cell development, signaling, and immunological tolerance. (harvard.edu)
Telomerase plays a critical role during embryonic development and stem cell differentiation, when cells divide profusely. (sciencedaily.com)
Here, we model early human neural tube development using human embryonic stem cells cultured in a microfluidic device. (nature.com)
Methylation of CpG islands is known to inactivate gene expression and plays an important role in normal and disease development. (qiagen.com)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)
This screen is capable of analyzing the expression of 48 genes simultaneously across dozens of different samples, and our gene list covers all three germ layers that arise during normal embryonic development, the trophectoderm, and epigenetic regulators of chromatin status. (utexas.edu)
Previous reports showed that p63+ cells appear early during airway development, but these do not express markers of adult BCs, raising the question whether these cells represent BC precursors. (columbia.edu)
Research hematology with an emphasis on understanding the mechanisms of normal blood cell development associated diseases. (uthsc.edu)
His research interests are to better understand the mechanisms of normal red blood cell development and use this information to treat common blood disorders, including sickle cell disease and betathalassemia. (uthsc.edu)
Development of pre-clinical models using stem cell technologies. (nottingham.ac.uk)
We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics, development and evolution. (nih.gov)
The filing of this IND represents the culmination of many years of research and development by a dedicated team focused on developing a cell replacement therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes and advancing our VC-01 product candidate to human clinical trials," said Paul Laikind , Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of ViaCyte. (biospace.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) generated by reprogramming of somatic cells are also discussed and related to the pluripotent cell states which can be captured during normal embryonic development. (dundee.ac.uk)
A second method involves introducing the transgenic DNA into embryonic stem cells (ES cells) derived from a mouse embryo at the very early stages of development. (yourgenome.org)
Gurdon's first experiment in 1958 showed that the nuclei of Xenopus cells maintained their ability to direct normal development when transplanted. (asu.edu)
Rachel L. Carson studied biology at Johns Hopkins University in Maryland and graduated in 1933 with an MA upon the completion of her thesis, The Development of the Pronephros during the Embryonic and Early Larval Life of the Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). (asu.edu)
The Potency of the First Two Cleavage Cells in Echinoderm Development. (asu.edu)
Together, our work provides a comprehensive transcriptional analysis of the cell types in the zebrafish telencephalon and a resource for dissecting its development and function. (bvsalud.org)
The successful generation of beta cells in vitro and regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in vivo will require a thorough understanding of the pathways that direct the normal development and function of these cells. (lu.se)
Understanding the mechanisms underlying embryonic beta cell development will be a prerequisite for the development of a universally available cell replacement therapy in diabetes. (lu.se)
The RUNX1 protein turns on (activates) genes that help control the development of blood cells (hematopoiesis). (medlineplus.gov)
In particular, it plays an important role in development of hematopoietic stem cells, early blood cells that have the potential to develop into all types of mature blood cells such as white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. (medlineplus.gov)
While t(8;21) is important for leukemia development, a mutation in one or more additional genes is typically needed for the myeloid blasts to develop into cancerous leukemia cells. (medlineplus.gov)
We show that human and chimpanzee cells differentiate in a similar man¬ner and that the difference in interspecies protein abundance is higher than transcript-level differences, suggesting that post-transcriptional mechanisms play a role in the difference between human and chim¬panzee brain development. (lu.se)
Hens JR, Dann P, Zhang JP, Harris S, Robinson GW, Wysolmerski J. BMP4 and PTHrP interact to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction. (medscape.com)

The fusion causes the adult cells to undergo genetic reprogramming, which results in cells that have the developmental characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The approach, named microfluidic-controlled stem cell regionalization (MiSTR), exposes pluripotent stem cells to signaling gradients that mimic developmental patterning. (nature.com)
Researchers are putting single-cell proteomics to work in fields like developmental biology, cell biology, cancer biology, and neuroscience. (acs.org)

By learning how stem cells differentiate and become specialized, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of how cells in general work and what can go wrong. (erlc.com)
In a surprising new finding, scientists have shown that mouse stem cells treated with the drug reverted to an 'embryonic' state. (sciencedaily.com)
It's the first time that scientists have shown they can get stem cells to revert to their original state by erasing specific labels called epigenetic markers. (sciencedaily.com)
other scientists are working on making sperm from bone marrow stem cells. (we-make-money-not-art.com)
What is clear is that scientists in many areas are working on getting cells to change their function. (we-make-money-not-art.com)
Scientists anticipate that in the future stem cell lines will provide a virtually unending supply of pancreatic cells for diabetic patients, neuronal cells for patients with neural disorders such as Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease, and a host of heart cells that may treat a variety of cardiac problems. (spiked-online.com)
The exact process of differentiation is not yet understood and although embryonic stem cells can, in principle, provide for all human tissue, scientists are some way from controlling the process. (spiked-online.com)
It might be expected that the richest nation on Earth would encourage its top scientists to pursue this work with vigor rather than limiting funding opportunities, creating legal barriers and fencing off any newly developed cell lines. (spiked-online.com)
SCNT involves transferring the nuclei of adult cells, called somatic cells, into oocytes in which scientists have removed the nuclei. (news-medical.net)
The scientists knew that if their studies were successful, it would provide the research community with a new option for producing reprogrammed cells using embryonic stem cells, which are more plentiful and easier to obtain than unfertilized human eggs. (news-medical.net)
New research reveals a new role for the enzyme telomerase, which scientists thought was turned off in most normal adult cells, except in cancerous tumors where it promotes unlimited cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists thought telomerase was turned off in all other cells, except in cancerous tumors where it promotes unlimited cell division. (sciencedaily.com)
Before this new work, scientists thought that telomerase expression in most adult cells could only lead to unlimited cell division like that seen in cancerous tumors. (sciencedaily.com)
Scientists have long had the tools to identify the genes being transcribed in a single cell. (acs.org)
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes isn't known, but scientists think it has something to do with the body's immune system and the way it attacks cells that make insulin. (gizmodo.com)
Scientists who pursue embryo-destructive research despite the noteworthy successes with adult stem cells violate the rights of their week-old human victims by taking their lives. (usccb.org)
Previously, scientists had only been successful cryopreserving single cells, like red blood cells. (asu.edu)

Adult stem cells are sometimes referred to as somatic stem cells to differentiate them from human germ cells, sperm cells and egg cells. (erlc.com)
According to a 2002 article in PNAS, "Human embryonic stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types, and, thus, may be useful as a source of cells for transplantation or tissue engineering. (wikipedia.org)
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells have the capacities to propagate for extended periods and to differentiate into cell types from all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. (ntnu.edu.tw)
When implanted under the skin, the PEC-01 cells are designed to mature and further differentiate into insulin-producing beta and other endocrine cells that regulate blood glucose in a manner similar or identical to the normal islets that comprise the endocrine pancreas. (biospace.com)
ES cells were successfully arrested in G1 phase with the administration of hydroxyurea and subsequently induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. (omicsonline.org)
The homogeneous population of cells on E-cadherin substratum from synchronized ES cells have higher capability to differentiate into hepatocytes-like cells than unsynchronized ES cells. (omicsonline.org)

In the studies published in Science, the researchers combined human fibroblast cells with human embryonic stem cells in the presence of a detergent-like substance that caused the two cell types to fuse. (news-medical.net)
The researchers demonstrated that they had achieved fusion of the two cell types by searching the fused cells for two distinctive genetic markers present in the somatic fibroblast and stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Western blot shows lysates of HT-29 human colon adeno-carcinoma cell line, NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, and Nb2-11 rat lymphoma cell line untreated (-) or treated (+) with heat shock at 42 °C for 30 minutes and allowed to recover at 37 °C for 3 hours. (rndsystems.com)

Defined culture of human embryonic stem cells and xeno-free derivation of retinal pigmented epithelial cells on a novel, synthetic substrate. (ca.gov)
That same year, Thomson published his first paper, "Isolation of a Primate Embryonic Stem Cell Line," in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, detailing the first derivation of primate embryonic stem cells. (asu.edu)

Cao said that the next step for researchers is to find out how telomerase expression is turned on as cells approach critical telomere length and to explore the underlying mechanisms by which telomerase acts as a buffer against the stresses of shortening telomeres. (sciencedaily.com)
In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)

In tissue engineering, the use of stem cells are known to be of importance. (wikipedia.org)
A renewable, tissue culture source of human cells capable of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types would have broad applications in basic research and therapeutic techniques. (spiked-online.com)
If it can be produced in sufficient quantity this source of 'normal' human tissue could be of major importance to the pharmaceutical industry for drug screening. (spiked-online.com)
Current screening of potential new drugs is done using cell lines derived from animals or 'abnormal' human tissue such as tumor cells. (spiked-online.com)
On the one hand, immune privilege limits inflammation to prevent bystander destruction of normal tissue and loss of vision. (harvard.edu)
Telomerase's only known role in normal tissue was to protect certain cells that divide regularly, such as embryonic cells, sperm cells, adult stem cells and immune cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Fig. 1: Design of the MiSTR cell culture system and establishment of a WNT signaling gradient in hESC-derived tissue. (nature.com)
Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Basal cells (BCs) are multipotent tissue-specific stem cells of a variety of organs including the skin, digestive and respiratory tract. (columbia.edu)
It is being regulated as a biologic through interaction with the Office of Cell, Tissue and Gene Therapy within CBER at the FDA. (biospace.com)
If there are intact cells in this tissue they have been 'stored' frozen. (wikiquote.org)
It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
Several genome-wide studies have reported genomic variants that correlate with gene expression levels in various tissue and cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)
Methods: We analysed methylation status of 807 cancer-related genes in 189 fresh frozen primary breast tumours and four normal breast tissue samples using an array-based methylation assay. (lu.se)
Pulp cells cultures were established by two approaches: enzyme digestion (3 mg/mL type I colagenase and 4 mg/mL dispase), or culture of the tissue explants in cell culture dishes. (bvsalud.org)
Dental pulp tissue engineering with stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. (bvsalud.org)

For that reason, many researchers believe stem cells offer promise for creating populations of specialized cells that can be used to rejuvenate organs, such as the pancreas or heart, that are damaged by disease or trauma. (news-medical.net)
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are known to inhabit T cell-rich areas of lymphoid organs where they function to coordinate T cell and dendritic cell interactions. (harvard.edu)
In the book, Moore argues that regulation of sex differentiation in mammals is not controlled by sex hormones secreted by embryonic sex organs (gonads), but is controlled by non-hormonal genetic factors. (asu.edu)
Cells Tissues Organs. (bvsalud.org)

Other techniques can reprogram "adult" cells in the human body taken from skin, for example -- but the cells still carry baggage from their previous state. (sciencedaily.com)
It is more likely that the new technique will see immediate use in helping to accelerate understanding of how embryonic cells "reprogram" somatic cells to an embryonic state. (news-medical.net)

abstract = "Since their discovery more than 30 years ago, embryonic stem (ES) cells have been propelled from relative obscurity into the centre stage of international attention. (dundee.ac.uk)

Differentiation is a complex process involving actions of ES cell core factors, lineage specific regulators, epigenetic modifications, and chromatin remodelers. (utexas.edu)
The interaction between these signal transduction pathways is of critical importance, as it ultimately orchestrates the behaviour of ES cells by controlling the expression of pluripotency determinants as well as lineage effectors. (dundee.ac.uk)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

One of the key findings from the study was that the fusion cells have the characteristics of human embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
The "stem cell theory of cancer" states that a subpopulation of cells with stem cell-like properties plays a central role in the formation, sustainment, spread, and drug resistant characteristics of malignant tumors. (medscape.com)
11. Kramer PR, Nares S, Kramer SF, Grogan D, Kaiser M. Mesenchymal stem cells acquire characteristics of cells in the periodontal ligament in vitro. (bvsalud.org)

Moreover, little was known whether embryonic BCs have an impact in the adult pool of progenitors that mediate responses of the lung to injury or pulmonary diseases. (columbia.edu)
Inducible Gata1 suppression expands megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors from embryonic stem cells. (uthsc.edu)
The Company's VC-01 product candidate is based on the production of pancreatic progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells. (biospace.com)
Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)
Next, in order to study the potential of autologous cell replacement therapy we transplanted progenitors derived from a PD patient into a pre-clinical rat model. (lu.se)

Second, stem cells may prove to be an indispensable source of transplantable cells and tissues for repair and regeneration. (erlc.com)
Fig. 3: Single-cell transcriptomics of dorsal and ventral MiSTR tissues. (nature.com)
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells, meaning that they can give rise to all tissues in the body. (utexas.edu)
With the exception of Myc (which was only present in a subset of benign, borderline, and malignant tumors), Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Klf4 were detectable at variable levels across both normal and diseased tissues. (medscape.com)

Here, the stem cell line is created using the genetic properties of the prospective recipient via somatic cell nuclear transfer. (spiked-online.com)
This approach could become an alternative to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), a method that is currently used to produce human stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Furthermore, Eggan noted that genetic analyses of the fused cells revealed that the somatic cell genes characteristic of adult cells had all been switched off, while those characteristic of embryonic cells had been switched on. (news-medical.net)
The long term goal for this experiment was to do cell fusion in a way that would allow the elimination of the embryonic stem cell nucleus to create an embryonic stem cell from the somatic cell," said Melton. (news-medical.net)
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)

Several target genes of T3BA and T3CM cells-specific miRNAs were identified. (ntnu.edu.tw)
We've demonstrated that we don't have to manipulate the pluripotent genes to get to the ground state, but rather that we can block all other options of where the cell 'wants' to go. (sciencedaily.com)
Alternatively, transgenesis and gene targeting techniques can be used to introduce the patient's genes into the stem cell line. (spiked-online.com)
With the exception of a few genes one way or the other -- which is perhaps because these cells are now tetraploid -- the hybrid cells are indistinguishable from human embryonic stem cells," he said. (news-medical.net)
When these cells are genetically manipulated, this approach discloses much about the function of specific genes. (cshlpress.com)
Our signature-based screen established several categories of genes based on their comparative functions during the differentiation of ES cells. (utexas.edu)
The group are currently focused on the pivotal role that HOXA cluster genes play in the demarcation and possible emergence of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their role in cancer. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Pathobiology: Cells and Genes;Cellular and Molecular Haematology. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. (nih.gov)
Our results revealed altogether 217 genes and 584 SNPs whose genomic alterations affect the transcriptome in the same cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results revealed that in the human pluripotent stem cells, the expression values of several genes, transcripts and exons were affected due to the genomic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
Using an integrated analysis of single-cell transcriptomes of approximately 64,000 cells obtained from 6-day-postfertilization (dpf), 15-dpf, and adult telencephalon, we delineated nine main neuronal cell types in the pallium and eight in the subpallium and nominated novel marker genes. (bvsalud.org)
Comparing zebrafish and mouse neuronal cell types revealed both conserved and absent types and marker genes. (bvsalud.org)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)

The abundantly expressed mRNAs in T3BA and T3CM cells were also analyzed for the network and signaling pathways, and roles of activin A in cell proliferation and differentiation were found. (ntnu.edu.tw)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
However, potentially erroneous characterization of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation can arise if verification of baseline interaction of test article with method employed is neglected. (cdc.gov)
Non-tumorigenic Beas-2B cells were treated with graded concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 24 and 48h prior to cytotoxicity and proliferation assessment with commonly used MTT, MTS, WST1, and Alamar Blue assays. (cdc.gov)
On the other hand, for primary teeth, enzymatic digestion always promoted a higher cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)

To create an effective therapy that doesn't rely on a steady stream of insulin injections, researchers at MIT, Harvard, Boston Children's Hospital, and several other institutions, designed a material that encapsulated human pancreatic cells prior to transplant. (gizmodo.com)

Pluripotency distinguishes embryonic stem cells from adult stem cells, which are multipotent and can only produce a limited number of cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Pluripotency factors Oct4 and Nanog play a role in transcriptionally regulating the embryonic stem cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Writing in the journal Cell Stem Cell , the team reports that more than half of mouse epiblast stem cells treated with the drug reversed course within three days, and regained an embryonic "be anything" state, also called pluripotency. (sciencedaily.com)
Past attempts by other teams to restore pluripotency to mouse cells from the epiblast stem cell state have yielded far lower amounts, or non-viable cells. (sciencedaily.com)
While more and more long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) were identified to take important roles in both maintaining pluripotency and regulating differentiation, how these lincRNAs may define and drive cell fate decisions on a global scale are still mostly elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings provide supporting evidence that enrichment for proteins involved in pluripotency is not restricted solely to malignant tumors as is suggested by the "stem cell theory of cancer", but additionally extends to common benign vascular tumors such as hemangiomas. (medscape.com)

Now, they're working to see if the MM-401 eraser technique works with human stem cells that bear some resemblance to mouse epiblast stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Mouse embryonic stem cells are known to be tumorigenic - that is, they can grow uncontrollably and become cancerous. (spiked-online.com)
Eggan, Melton and their colleagues decided to pursue their alternative route after other researchers had shown that genetic reprogramming can occur when mouse somatic cells are fused to mouse embryonic stem cells. (news-medical.net)
Detailed methods for using ES cells are described in the manual Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition . (cshlpress.com)
But we don't know how the transplanted cells are connecting with other cells in the cortex and how they alleviate the absence seizures in the mouse model we employed. (neurosciencenews.com)
Reeves' lab is now testing another long-standing but poorly supported tenet of Down syndrome research by using the mouse models to study the involvement of neural crest cells, precursors to structures affected in Down syndrome, including the face, heart and the nerves that serve the intestines. (eurekalert.org)
Jovic D, Haque A, Hexig B, Nagaoka M, Akaike T (2011) Control of Singular Cell Cycle Synchronization of Mouse ES Cells for Hepatocyte Differentiation on E-Cadherin Substratum. (omicsonline.org)
The embryonic stem cells need a host embryo in which to develop and this is isolated usually from a mouse with different colour fur. (yourgenome.org)
A similar experiment was performed using sperm and genetically modified stem cells from a male mouse, which were injected into a female egg that had been stripped of its own genetic material. (theguardian.com)
In vivo experiments were conducted using a co-implantation xenograft mouse model with live cell imaging and immunohistochemistry. (cdc.gov)

The cells are being studied to be used as clinical therapies, models of genetic disorders, and cellular/DNA repair. (wikipedia.org)
However, eradication of the leukaemia repopulating cell or stem cell whilst retaining normal HSCs remains a challenge with current experimental therapies. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The data presented in this thesis may serve as valuable resources to help optimize future cell replacement therapies for patients suffering from PD. (lu.se)

Systematical profiling and comprehensive annotation of embryonic stem cells lincRNAs may not only bring a clearer big picture of these novel regulators but also shed light on their functionalities. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, a single reporter-based screen would have been inappropriate to identify novel regulators of ES cell differentiation. (utexas.edu)
We have identified two novel regulators of ES cell differentiation - Yap1 and Rbpj. (utexas.edu)

This study reshapes the current understanding of telomerase's function in normal cells,"said Kan Cao, senior author of the study and an associate professor of cell biology and molecular genetics at UMD. (sciencedaily.com)
Measurements of cell mixtures can hide differences between cells that might be important in biology or disease studies. (acs.org)
Understanding cell-fate decisions in stem cell populations is a major goal of modern biology. (lu.se)

2011 ) Mobilisation strategies for normal and malignant cells. (neurotree.org)
Utilizing biochemical, molecular and cellular approaches to study normal and malignant haematopoiesis. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Researchers are currently focusing heavily on the therapeutic potential of embryonic stem cells, with clinical use being the goal for many laboratories. (wikipedia.org)

Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

Cell 111:185-196 (2002). (karger.com)

In this study, we investigated the maintenance of hESCs and their differentiation into RPE using Synthemax II-SC, which is a novel, synthetic animal-derived component-free, RGD peptide-containing copolymer compliant with good manufacturing practices designed for xeno-free stem cell culture. (ca.gov)
Both hESCs and hESC-RPE maintained normal karyotypes after long-term culture on Synthemax II-SC. (ca.gov)
We studied human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) measuring the SNPs and CNVs with Affymetrix SNP 6 microarrays and expression values with Affymetrix Exon microarrays. (biomedcentral.com)

There are major obstacles to overcome before a stem cell line is liable to reach clinical trials. (spiked-online.com)
But our 'clinical trial in a dish' with patient-specific iPS cells allows us to model this personalized response and identify high-risk groups who should not receive the drug. (stanford.edu)
Based on a pre-IND meeting with the FDA and subsequent consultations, ViaCyte is proposing to initiate clinical evaluation of the VC-01 product candidate directly in patients with type 1 diabetes who have minimal to no insulin-producing beta cell function. (biospace.com)
In the proposed clinical trial, insulin production from the VC-01 implant would be assessed by measuring C-peptide, a biomarker for insulin produced by beta cells that is expected to provide a sensitive measure of efficacy in these patients. (biospace.com)
The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
The pair thought it might be transplanted into rats to relieve Parkinson- to join the medical school at the Univer- possible to implant immature cells into like symptoms, Björklund and former stu- sity of Lund, where he would stay for his damaged brain areas, where the new cells dent Olle Lindvall initiated the first clinical entire career. (lu.se)

These cells are multipotent, meaning they can give rise to several other differentiated and specialized cells of the body (for example, liver cells, kidney cells, brain cells). (erlc.com)

Our strategy for ES cell cycle synchronization before differentiation induction possibly helps to increase the yield of hepatocyte-like cells under homogeneous culture condition. (omicsonline.org)
Mangold conducted research for her dissertation 'On the Induction of Embryonic Primordia by Implantation of Organizers from Different Species' ('Ueber Induktion von Embryonanlagen durch Implantation artfremder Organisatoren'), under the guidance of Hans Spemann, a professor of zoology at the University of Freiburg. (asu.edu)

However, preparation of specific lineages at high purity from embryonic stem cells remains a challenge. (omicsonline.org)
Here, we analyzed the structure and epigenetic landscapes of cell lineages in the telencephalon of medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) that possesses a clearly delineated dorsal pallium (Dd2). (bvsalud.org)
Taken together, we suggest that cell lineages are the basic components for the functional regionalization in the pallial anatomical compartments and that their changes have been the driving force for evolutionary diversity. (bvsalud.org)

From in vitro fertilization in the 1970s to today's research into artificial gametes from stem cells or somatic cells that would allow sperm and eggs to be created from anyone's cells, regardless of age, gender or sexuality. (we-make-money-not-art.com)
Moreover, the molecular signatures of tracheal embryonic E18.5 preBCs and adult TrBCs were generated through high-throughput profiling, which provided hints about the genetic regulation of airway BC maturation process and generated potential molecular landmarks for the in vitro ES/iPS cell differentiation towards airway BCs. (columbia.edu)
5. Gronthos S, Mankani M, Brahim J, Robey PG, Shi S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. (bvsalud.org)

One of these became the well-known BCs that populate extrapulmonary airways through an undescribed maturation process from the perinatal stage to adulthood, and the other was identified as a rare stem cell pool in the pseudostratified epithelium of intrapulmonary airways which maintained immature and quiescent throughout lifetime. (columbia.edu)
However, the Encaptra device is designed to prevent the patient's immune system from accessing the implanted cells, thereby facilitating successful engraftment and subsequent maturation to islets. (biospace.com)
To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control beta cell maturation and function in the embryonic and adult pancreas. (lu.se)
This change in gene activity blocks the maturation (differentiation) of blood cells and leads to the production of abnormal, immature white blood cells called myeloid blasts. (medlineplus.gov)

In theory, researchers can induce embryonic stem cells to mature into a variety of specialized cells. (news-medical.net)

ES cells have been an invaluable resource for advancing fundamental understanding of global transcriptional and epigenetic regulations, signaling pathways, and noncoding RNA in mammalian systems. (utexas.edu)
Together, the methods enhance researchers' toolkit for studying epigenetic modifications, which also include cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation, allowing them to elucidate their potential biological role in mammalian cells. (genomeweb.com)

The current methods of testing a prospective new drug's heart safety profile depend primarily on the use of non-heart cells that are genetically modified to mimic some aspects of real ones. (stanford.edu)
So far the trick has been used to nurture genetically modified trout cells into live fry. (bioedonline.org)

Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to insure a diploid genome upon fertilization. (nih.gov)
Instead, Yoshizaki's team extracted primordial germ cells (PGCs), which only give rise to sex cells, from the gonads of immature fish. (bioedonline.org)
Takeuchi, Y., Yoshizaki, G. & Takeuchi, T. Generation of live fry from intraperitoneally transplanted primordial germ cells in rainbow trout. (bioedonline.org)

It is likely that human stem cells will have similar properties. (spiked-online.com)

In recent years, biologists have become particularly interested in studying embryonic stem cells, which have the potential to turn into any other kind of cell in the body. (newscientist.com)
Cell therapy is a novel potential approach to treat many diseases including diabetes. (ucf.edu)
These early stem cells have the potential to become any cell type when introduced into another embryo . (yourgenome.org)
The overall aim of this thesis has been to assess the potential of autologous grafting in cell replacement therapy for PD. (lu.se)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)
Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease - Evaluating the potential of autologous grafting. (lu.se)

HSPH1 acts as a chaperone to prevent thermal aggregation in mammalian cells. (rndsystems.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinases such as CDK2 that promote cell cycle progression are overactive, in part due to downregulation of their inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

The researchers also performed fusion experiments using pelvic bone cells as the somatic cells and a different human embryonic cell line, to demonstrate that their technique was not restricted to one adult cell type or embryonic cell line. (news-medical.net)

Anatomy51

Organisms11

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs71

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment55

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science2

Regenerative medicine11

Progenitor11

Murine embryonic stem2

Embryos14

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Trans1

Self-renewal10

Neural cells3

ESCs10

Ability to differentiate1

Mice22

Proliferative1

Chromosomes3

Generate10

Karyotype3

Fibroblasts6

Development30

Developmental3

Scientists17

Differentiate6

Fibroblast3

Derivation2

Underlying mechanisms2

Tissue18

Organs4

Reprogram2

Abstract1

Lineage5

Characteristics3

Progenitors5

Tissues4

Somatic cell5

Genes14

Proliferation7

Pancreatic cells1

Pluripotency6

Mouse10

Therapies3

Regulators3

Biology3

Malignant2

Therapeutic1

Assays1

20021

HESCs3

Clinical6

Multipotent1

Induction2

Lineages3

Vitro3

Maturation4

Induce1

Epigenetic2

Genetically modified2

Germ cells3

Human stem cells1

Potential6

Mammalian cells1

Progression3

Adult cell1