• The most common findings on physical examination (79%) are signs of pleural effusion (eg, dullness to percussion, decreased breath sounds). (medscape.com)
  • More common diseases, such as benign asbestos-related pleural disease and metastatic adenocarcinoma , can look radiographically identical to mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • CT is the imaging modality of choice to assess pleural disease and has shown sensitivity and specificity for identifying malignancy. (medscape.com)
  • Diffuse pleural thickening or extensive lobular pleural-based masses are seen in about 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • The most common mesothelioma finding on radiographs is unilateral, concentric, plaquelike, or nodular pleural thickening (as seen in the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Pleural effusions are common and may obscure the presence of the underlying pleural thickening. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinoma usually manifests as abdominal distention and diffuse nonspecific abdominal pain secondary to ascites. (medscape.com)
  • The sensitivity of the test results depends on the ability to completely lavage all regions of the peritoneal cavity and to detect cancer cells being shed into the peritoneal cavity by the tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Endometriosis is a common benign and chronic inflammatory gynaecological disease due to functional endometrial glands and stroma in an ectopic location outside the uterine cavity [ 1 ]. (polradiol.com)
  • This drawback is explained by immunological theory, which states that normally refluxed menstrual endometrium is cleared from the peritoneal cavity by macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes preventing endometriosis in most cases. (polradiol.com)
  • However, there is reduced immunological clearance of refluxed endometrium from the peritoneal cavity, causing endometriosis in some women with immune system dysfunction. (polradiol.com)
  • CT findings in patients with malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas range from peritoneum-based masses (a so-called "dry" appearance) to ascites, irregular or nodular peritoneal thickening, and an omental mass (a so-called "wet" appearance). (medscape.com)
  • The tumor frequently extends into the fissures, which become thickened and irregular in contour. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal carcinoma is treated with tumor debulking followed by chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, or cisplatin. (medscape.com)
  • A pelvic imaging study, if there is clinical suspicion of peritoneal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • The management of peritoneal carcinoma is similar to that of epithelial cancers of ovarian and fallopian tube, due to similar clinical characteristics. (medscape.com)
  • The radiographic findings of mesothelioma are nonspecific and are observed in other diseases, including metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and benign asbestos disease. (medscape.com)
  • The hallmark of the pathologic report was the marked infiltration by foamy macrophages of joints and aortic valves, and prominent deposits of fat within intestinal mucosa and mesenteric lymph nodes, which made Whipple consider this case an obscure disease of fat metabolism and propose the name intestinal lipodystrophy. (medscape.com)
  • He identified periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-staining granules, most likely representing degenerating bacterial forms, within macrophages isolated from the small bowel as well as other tissue and fluid specimens (eg, pericardium, endocardium, lymph nodes, synovia, lung, brain, meninges) obtained from patients in whom Whipple disease was suspected. (medscape.com)
  • 1961: Electron microscopy (EM) studies by Yardley et al provided more evidence for an infectious cause of Whipple disease by finding bacillary bodies within membrane-bound vesicles in the cytoplasm of macrophages. (medscape.com)
  • Direct visualization of the peritoneal surfaces along with palpation of the abdominal contents is by far the most sensitive modality for detecting peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent non-invasive modality that helps in non-invasive diagnosis, with excellent delineation of the disease extent, and thus provides a presurgical mapping of the disease, which is helpful for the operating surgeon [ 6 ]. (polradiol.com)
  • Other described primary peritoneal cancers and tumors include malignant mesothelioma, benign papillary mesothelioma, desmoplastic small round cell tumors, peritoneal angiosarcoma, leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD), and peritoneal hemangiomatosis. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical examination often yields nonspecific signs and symptoms such as scrotal pain, swelling or a palpable scrotal mass. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • therefore, disease extent is frequently underestimated in radiographs. (medscape.com)
  • CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Some mesenteric diseases present with distinctive imaging findings while others have similar findings, thereby complicating their differential diagnosis. (sajr.org.za)
  • This article, besides being a general presentation of Whipple disease, focuses on both the neurologic manifestations and specifics of diagnosis and treatment of Whipple disease with symptomatic CNS involvement (CNS-WD). (medscape.com)
  • 1949: Black-Schaffer advanced the diagnosis, proved the systemic nature of this disease, and raised the suspicion of an infectious cause for Whipple disease. (medscape.com)
  • In order to make an accurate diagnosis of the type of disease it is important to consider the patient's risk factors and how the patient has acquired HIV infection. (webcir.org)
  • Imaging, always based on clinical information, is an essential tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in patients with symptomatic AIDS. (webcir.org)
  • It makes it possible to recognize the radiographic pattern of the various OIs and neoplasms, to make a differential diagnosis of potential diseases and to monitor the response to treatment. (webcir.org)
  • These pathologic findings may produce minimal changes on imaging and in many cases one must have an elevated level of suspicion in the appropriate clinical setting to diagnose this disease. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Despite the slowly progressive course of most cases of Whipple disease, CNS-WD may have a fulminant course, and manifest isolated CNS-WD cases have been reported in the literature. (medscape.com)
  • up to 20% of patients have chronic course of the lung disease (called advanced pulmonary sarcoidosis, APS) resulting in progressive loss of lung function, sometimes life-threatening that can lead to respiratory failure and death. (bvsalud.org)
  • The type of pulmonary condition to be developed by AIDS patients will depend on the stage of disease, which is generally determined based on the CD4 lymphocyte count. (webcir.org)
  • They demonstrate various contrast enhancement patterns including early peripheral enhancement because of vascular tissue ( Figure 1 ), delayed central enhancement of the fibrotic components, heterogenous, homogenous and absent enhancement. (sajr.org.za)
  • If the chest is to be studied, images are obtained in the arterial phase of contrast enhancement, followed by a pause sufficiently long to image the abdomen and pelvis in the late arterial or early portal venous phase. (radiologykey.com)
  • 1952: Paulley was first to report a case of a patient with histologically proven Whipple disease whose symptoms responded to chloramphenicol. (medscape.com)
  • However, safety concerns remain, including consequences of an enhanced glucose load in the lower nephron, leg amputation, bone fractures, and therapeutic efficacy in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. (go.jp)
  • Dilated perivascular spaces (Virchow-Robin spaces) with "soap bubble" morphology - T1 intermediate signal (unlike CSF, which is black on T1 sequences), T2 hyperintense, FLAIR hyperintensity (incompletely suppressed compared to CSF), and variable degree of enhancement (greater degree in immunocompetent patients). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Epithelial cancers of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal origin are known as epithelial ovarian cancer in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
  • In most cases of scrotal disease, the combination of clinical history, physical examination, and information obtained with ultrasonography is sufficient for diagnostic decision-making. (e-ultrasonography.org)
  • Recent studies have provided new insights into the genetic factors and immune components involved in the clinical manifestation of the disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology, which is diagnosed based on the presence of non-caseating granulomas on histology. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sagittal T1+C (top row left): Small amount of nodular enhancement within the cerebellar sulci representing leptomeningeal cryptococcal involvement (arrows). (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Multimodality therapy is currently the most commonly accepted therapeutic approach for peritoneal mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • Although primary neoplasms arising in the mesentery are rare, the mesentery is a major avenue for the dissemination of tumours, which can spread through hematogenous, lymphatic, direct or peritoneal seeding. (sajr.org.za)
  • Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs, especially lung and mediastinal hilar lymph nodes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Women with higher risk of ovarian cancer also have increased risk of peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Primary peritoneal cancers, some of which have been implicated in many cases of carcinomas of unknown primary origin, include ovarian cancer arising in women several years after bilateral oophorectomy. (medscape.com)
  • Evaluation of the mesentery is often neglected during routine ultrasound (US) because of inadequate training and unfamiliarity with the common US features encountered with mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Granulomatous myopathy (GM) is a rare disease characterized by non-caseating inflammation of the skeletal muscle, with sarcoidosis as a common cause. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although the patient did not undergo cholecystectomy after embolization due to severe co-morbidities, no signs of ischemic gallbladder have been observed. (journalmc.org)
  • They used a gene that encodes for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in bacteria to characterize the nucleotide sequence of the bacillus from a patient with Whipple disease. (medscape.com)
  • Whipple disease bacillus has a characteristic trilamellar appearance on EM. (medscape.com)