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GanglionGangliaSensory afferentsPreganglionic neuronsParasympatheticInnervateVisceral afferentFibersInnervationJugularExcitatoryPyramidal NeuronsGanglionic neuronsSympatheticAction potentialsAutonomicNeuropathic painSynapsePathwaysNucleusModulateEfferentMiceHippocampalNeuralTrigeminalLumbarNociceptiveSynapticBrainstemPrimarySelectiveCentrallyActivationRespiratoryActivityChannelsCell
Ganglion16
  • The afferent cardiac neurons relevant to the Bezold-Jarisch reflex have cell bodies in the nodose ganglion and the dorsal root ganglion. (wikipedia.org)
  • We compared the distribution of 5-HT 1D receptor-immunoreactive (5-HT 1D -IR) peripheral afferents within the trigeminal ganglion (TRG) and lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the rat. (jneurosci.org)
  • Usage: 1.5 ul of CCK-SAP or Blank-SAP were delivered into each nodose ganglion at 250 ng/ul. (atsbio.com)
  • BACKGROUND: A myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. (bvsalud.org)
  • During I/R injury, cardiac sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion transmit excitatory signals to the spinal cord, resulting in sympathetic activation that potentially leads to fatal arrhythmias. (bvsalud.org)
  • To investigate the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in differentiation of cranial sensory neurons in vivo, we analyzed development of nodose (NG), petrosal (PG), and vestibular (VG) ganglion cells in genetically engineered mice carrying null mutations in the genes encoding BDNF and the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bax. (nih.gov)
  • The retrograde tracer fast blue (FB) was injected into the stomach to label vagal neurons originating from nodose ganglion (NG) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). (binghamton.edu)
  • The superior ganglion (jugular) is less than 0.5 cm in diameter, while the inferior (nodose) ganglion is larger (2.5 cm) and lies 1 cm distal to the superior ganglion (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • TLRs (TLR 1C9) and TRP route appearance was analyzed using one cell change transcription polymerase string response (RT-PCR) in isolated sensory neurons in the nodose/jugular ganglion as well as the dorsal main ganglion (DRG). (bioinbrief.com)
  • Parasympathetic ganglia, in contrast, are located in close proximity to the target organ: the submandibular ganglion close to salivatory glands, paracardiac ganglia close to the heart etc… Enteric ganglia, which as their name implies innervate the digestive tube, are located inside its walls and collectively contain as many neurons as the entire spinal cord, including local sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons. (wikidoc.org)
  • In the control center of the vagus nerve, the nodose ganglion, various nerve cells are situated, some of which innervate the stomach, while others innervate the intestine. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • To investigate the function of the nerve cells in the nodose ganglion, we developed a genetic approach that enables us to visualize the different nerve cells and manipulate their activity in mice. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • In their studies, the researchers focused primarily on two types of nerve cells of the nodose ganglion, which is just one millimeter in size. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • A ganglion of postganglionic autonomic neurons in the peripheral nervous system that are surrounded by a capsule of loose connective tissue. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Dendrites of the neurons can be limited to the neuropil inside the ganglion, or they can pierce the capsule and extend into the surrounding regions. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Microscopically, the peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion neurons look identical to axons. (unboundmedicine.com)
Ganglia8
  • We observed scattered 5-HT 1D -IR neurons in the nodose ganglia, and there was sparse terminal immunoreactivity in the solitary nucleus. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neuron.2011:70.482-494), is activated by hypoosmolarity and is expressed in somatosensory neurons from dorsal root and trigeminal ganglia. (ersjournals.com)
  • Single cell PCR demonstrated that TRPM3 was expressed in airway specific neurons from guinea pig (GP) nodose and jugular ganglia. (ersjournals.com)
  • Usage: CCK-SAP (250 ng/µl) or Blank-SAP (250 ng/µl) were unilaterally or bilaterally injected to rostral (0.5 µl) and caudal (0.5 µl) parts of the nodose ganglia using a beveled injection pipette controlled by a microprocessor-controlled injector at the speed of 50 nl/sec. (atsbio.com)
  • The sensory arm is made of " primary visceral sensory neurons" found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), in "cranial sensory ganglia": the geniculate , petrosal and nodose ganglia, appended respectively to cranial nerves VII, IX and X. These sensory neurons monitor the levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen and sugar in the blood, arterial pressure and the chemical composition of the stomach and gut content. (wikidoc.org)
  • The peripheral afferent nerves are peripheral branches of the axons of the pseudounipolar cells of the dorsal root ganglia, which originate from neural crest. (greek.doctor)
  • Any of the ganglia of autonomic (mainly postganglionic parasympathetic) neurons clumped in the superficial and deep cardiac plexuses. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • These ganglia are a meshwork of visceral afferent, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons that coat the lower part of the trachea, its bifurcation, the aorta, the pulmonary trunk, and the coronary arteries. (unboundmedicine.com)
Sensory afferents3
  • Ion channels on sensory afferents can activate these reflexes and as such are attractive therapeutic targets. (ersjournals.com)
  • The ion stations like transient receptor potential (TRP) stations on vagal sensory afferents get excited about initiating cough [2]. (bioinbrief.com)
  • The work evolved to an understanding that Cardiac Sensory Afferents are Major Regulators of the Autonomic System . (uiowa.edu)
Preganglionic neurons3
  • The activation of TRPV1 DRG neurons triggers the spinal dorsal horn and the sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal intermediolateral column, which results in sympathoexcitation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The activity of autonomic ganglionic neurons is modulated by "preganglionic neurons" (also called improperly but classically "visceral motoneurons") located in the central nervous system. (wikidoc.org)
  • These cell bodies are 'GVE' (general visceral efferent) neurons and are the preganglionic neurons. (cloudfront.net)
Parasympathetic2
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are in the medulla oblongata (forming visceral motor nuclei: the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnX), the nucleus ambiguus , and salivatory nuclei) and in the sacral spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • The parasympathetic division has craniosacral 'outflow', meaning that the neurons begin at the cranial nerves (specifically the oculomotor nerve , facial nerve , glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve ) and sacral (S2-S4) spinal cord. (cloudfront.net)
Innervate4
  • Objective: To investigate the contribution of basal forebrain medial septum (MS) and diagonal band of Broca (DBB) cholinergic neurons that innervate the hippocampus and the identity of the cholinergic receptor(s) that regulate the production and maturation of new neurons. (atsbio.com)
  • Moreover, vestibular afferents failed to selectively innervate their hair cell targets within the cristae organs in the double mutants. (nih.gov)
  • Its most useful definition could be: the sensory and motor neurons that innervate the viscera . (wikidoc.org)
  • Cranial visceral afferents, which innervate the heart and lungs, synapse centrally onto neurons within the medial portion of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). (silverchair.com)
Visceral afferent2
  • To approach these issues, we analyzed synaptic function in the brainstem nucleus tractus solitarius (nTS), the principal site for integration of primary visceral afferent inputs to central autonomic pathways and a region in which we found markedly reduced levels of BDNF in Mecp2 mutants. (jneurosci.org)
  • It contains somatic and visceral afferent fibers, as well as general and special visceral efferent fibers. (medscape.com)
Fibers6
  • The myelinated afferents originating in the atria are attached to discrete receptor endings, whereas most of the unmyelinated fibers are located in the ventricles and the walls of the coronary vessels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vagal afferent C fibers originating in the heart and lungs terminate in the NTS, while axons from the heart also inhibit sympathetic nervous activity via the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) and possibly the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). (wikipedia.org)
  • It may also contribute to various pathophysiological responses, such as: Severe hemorrhage and hypovolemia: During severe hemorrhage or profound hypovolemia the ventricle can become relatively empty and trigger cardiac vagal afferent fibers to elicit the Bezold-Jarisch reflex resulting in paradoxical bradycardia, vasodilation, and hypotension. (wikipedia.org)
  • Afferent unmyelinated C-fibers travel through the vagus to enhance the baroreceptor reflex mechanisms, inhibit sympathetic output, and inhibit vasomotor tone, leading to peripheral vasodilation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These innervation failures occurred despite successful navigation of sensory fibers to the peripheral field, demonstrating that BDNF is required locally for afferent ingrowth into target tissues. (nih.gov)
  • These data demonstrate that BDNF signaling is required not only to support survival of cranial sensory neurons, but also to regulate local growth of afferent fibers into target tissues and, in some cells, transmitter phenotypic expression is required. (nih.gov)
Innervation3
  • Moreover, despite rescue of BDNF-dependent neurons by the bax null mutation, sensory target innervation was abnormal in double null mutants. (nih.gov)
  • This study investigated the anatomical integrity of vagal innervation of the gastrointestinal tract following vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) operations. (binghamton.edu)
  • The researchers reconstructed the gut innervation patterns of numerous molecularly defined vagal and spinal afferents and identify their downstream brain targets in mice. (todayspractitioner.com)
Jugular2
  • In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model, TLR2 appearance was discovered in 29.5% (18/61) and 26.9% (21/78) of pulmonary nodose/jugular neurons and DRG neurons, respectively. (bioinbrief.com)
  • TLR5 was detected in 55 also.7% (34/61) and 42.3% (33/78) of pulmonary nodose/jugular neurons and DRG neurons, respectively, in the bleomycin-induced IL-2Rbeta (phospho-Tyr364) antibody pulmonary fibrosis model. (bioinbrief.com)
Excitatory2
Pyramidal Neurons3
  • Moreover, the spike phase response to synaptic inputs in individual cells depends on the expression of the hyperpolarization-activated mixed cation current (I h ), which differs between CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons. (shengsci.com)
  • The Changes of Intrinsic Excitability of Pyramidal Neurons in Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Neuropathic Pain. (shengsci.com)
  • K+ channel regulation of signal propagation in dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. (modeldb.science)
Ganglionic neurons1
Sympathetic2
  • CONCLUSIONS: The administration of RTX locally to thoracic DRGs reduces ventricular arrhythmia in a porcine model of IR, likely by inhibiting spinal afferent hyperactivity in the cardio-spinal sympathetic pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Preganglionc sympathetic neurons are in the spinal cord, at thoraco-lumbar levels. (wikidoc.org)
Action potentials2
  • Our results demonstrate that the amplitude of spontaneous miniature and evoked EPSCs in nTS neurons is significantly increased in Mecp2 -null mice and, accordingly, that mutant cells are more likely than wild- type cells to fire action potentials in response to primary afferent stimulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The present study demonstrates that nTS relay neurons in Mecp2 -null mice exhibit significantly larger EPSCs, and are more likely to fire action potentials in response to afferent stimulation, than in wild-type controls. (jneurosci.org)
Autonomic1
  • A third subsystem of neurons has been named as non-noradrenergic, non-cholinergic transmitters (because they use nitric oxide as a neurotransmitter ) and are integral in autonomic function, in particular in the gut and the lungs . (cloudfront.net)
Neuropathic pain1
  • Contribution of small diameter non-peptidergic primary afferent neurons to central neuropathic pain in a new, more clinically relevant mouse model of multiple sclerosis. (atsbio.com)
Synapse4
  • Primary sensory neurons project (synapse) onto "second order" or relay visceral sensory neurons located in the medulla oblongata, forming the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS), that integrates all visceral information. (wikidoc.org)
  • the preganglionic neuron must first synapse onto a postganglionic neuron before innervating the target organ. (cloudfront.net)
  • The preganglionic, or first, neuron will begin at the 'outflow' and will synapse at the postganglionic, or second, neuron's cell body. (cloudfront.net)
  • The postganglionic neuron will then synapse at the target organ. (cloudfront.net)
Pathways1
  • For example, fast dynamics in single cells or local populations recorded with multi-electrode arrays can be related to simultaneously acquired optical signals that report activity in specified subpopulations of neurons, in non-neuronal cells, or in neuromodulatory pathways. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
Nucleus1
  • VSG increased, while the RYGB operation decreased, the density of vagal afferents in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). (binghamton.edu)
Modulate1
  • This numerical discrepancy may have distinct functional implications for how triptans modulate afferent activity and emphasizes the importance of knowing the neurochemical properties of the primary afferents bearing the triptan receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Efferent3
  • The reflex arcs of the ANS comprise a sensory (or afferent) arm, and a motor (or efferent, or effector) arm. (wikidoc.org)
  • The somatic nervous system contains afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerves. (greek.doctor)
  • The peripheral efferent nerves are axons of the motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord, which originate from basal plates of the neural tube. (greek.doctor)
Mice2
  • Therefore, we hypothesized that nTS neurons in Mecp2 -null mice would exhibit exaggerated responses to primary afferent stimulation due to loss of this BDNF-dependent modulation. (jneurosci.org)
  • Chen CH, Tsai TC, Wu YJ, Hsu KS (2023) Gastric vagal afferent signaling to the basolateral amygdala mediates anxiety-like behaviors in experimental colitis mice. (atsbio.com)
Hippocampal1
  • The phase of firing of hippocampal neurons during theta oscillations encodes spatial information. (shengsci.com)
Neural1
  • First, we assessed the effects of BNN-20 on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells and neurons derived from healthy and parkinsonian donors. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
Trigeminal1
  • One possible explanation for this difference is that 5-HT 1D receptors are preferentially expressed by cranial afferents of the trigeminal system. (jneurosci.org)
Lumbar1
  • We observed a striking similarity in the size, distribution, and neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons in TRG and lumbar DRG afferents. (jneurosci.org)
Nociceptive1
  • Additionally, TLRs are indicated in nociceptive neurons and play an important part in neuroinflammation. (bioinbrief.com)
Synaptic1
  • Isoflurane modulation of afferent to NTS synaptic communication may underlie compromised cardiorespiratory reflex function. (silverchair.com)
Brainstem1
Primary3
  • However, this synaptopathy is associated with decreased BDNF availability in the primary afferent pathway and can be rescued by application of exogenous BDNF. (jneurosci.org)
  • We also examined the neurochemical identity of 5-HT 1D -IR neurons with markers of primary afferent nociceptors, peripherin, isolectin B4, and substance P, and markers of myelinated afferents, N52 and SSEA3. (jneurosci.org)
  • These visual defects are associated with cerebral neuron immaturity especially in the primary visual cortex. (shengsci.com)
Selective2
  • Functional experiments using selective pharmacological tools indicated that the TRPM3 agonist CIM0216 evoked [Ca 2+ ] i flux in isolated airway neurons, and also depolarisation of mouse, GP and human vagus nerves in an in vitro preparation. (ersjournals.com)
  • In this study, we hypothesize that the selective epidural administration of resiniferatoxin (RTX) to DRGs may provide cardioprotection against ventricular arrhythmias by inhibiting afferent neurotransmission during IR injury. (bvsalud.org)
Centrally1
  • We characterized how the convergence of multiple sensory afferent signals is integrated centrally. (uiowa.edu)
Activation2
  • These data suggest that TRPM3 is expressed in airway sensory neurons and that activators of TRPM3 cause functionally relevant activation of airway nerves. (ersjournals.com)
  • Activation of specific vagal afferent nerves in the respiratory system can result in the conscious Y-27632 2HCl kinase activity assay feelings of dyspnea as well as the desire to coughing [1]. (bioinbrief.com)
Respiratory1
  • However, investigation of TLRs in pulmonary sensory neurons or the association between TLRs, TRP channels and respiratory symptoms, such as cough, have not been analyzed sufficiently. (bioinbrief.com)
Activity2
  • Y-27632 2HCl kinase activity assay To conclude, TLR2 and TLR5 appearance is enhanced, in vagal neurons especially, in the bleomycin-induced fibrosis model group in comparison with the saline treated Y-27632 2HCl kinase activity assay control group. (bioinbrief.com)
  • We review recent progress in combining opto- and electrophysiology, focusing on mouse studies that shed new light on the function of single neurons by embedding their activity in the context of brain-wide activity patterns. (referencecitationanalysis.com)
Channels1
  • We found that mechanosensitive channels initially identified in C. elegans were conserved and expressed in baroreceptor neurons in mammalian. (uiowa.edu)
Cell1
  • To recognize the function and appearance of TLRs in pulmonary sensory neurons, we looked into the appearance of TLRs and TRP stations in isolated rat pulmonary sensory neurons using one cell invert transcription polymerase string response (RT-PCR) in the bleomycin-induced fibrosis murine model. (bioinbrief.com)