• The APGAR score was developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, M.D. in 1952. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • Virginia Apgar, MD (1909-1974) introduced the Apgar score in 1952. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar, to address the need for a standardized way to evaluate infants shortly after birth. (wikipedia.org)
  • ETYMOLOGY: After anesthesiologist Virginia Apgar (1909-1974) who devised it. (wordsmith.org)
  • In 1953, Dr. Virginia Apgar devised a quick way to assess the health of a newborn child. (wordsmith.org)
  • The Apgar score came from a pediatric anesthesiologist named Virginia Apgar and stands for appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. (kevinmd.com)
  • The Apgar score is named after a New York anesthesiologist, Dr. Virginia Apgar, who in 1952 described the score as a means to assess the baby's status 1 and 5-minutes after birth. (babymed.com)
  • The Virginia Apgar stamp was issued on October 24, 1994. (si.edu)
  • The test, developed by Virginia Apgar (1909-1974), evaluates a newborns Activity (muscle tone), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Appearance (coloration of skin), and Respiration. (si.edu)
  • 1953 - Virginia Apgar, MD , devised the first tool to scientifically assess a neonate's health risks and need for potentially life-saving observation. (merritthawkins.com)
  • An infant's APGAR score may not predict long-term health, but it has played a crucial role the survival of infants all over the world. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • If the score is below seven at the five-minute mark, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines specify that the infant's Apgar score should be reassessed at five-minute intervals for up to 20 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Today, the categories developed by Apgar used to assess the health of a newborn remain largely the same as in 1952, though the way they are implemented and used has evolved over the years. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1952, after some refinement of her initial system, Apgar presented the Apgar score at a joint meeting between the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS) and the International College of Anesthetist, and it was then published in Anesthesia and Analgesia in 1953. (wikipedia.org)
  • Often, an initial low APGAR score may be attributed to factors such as a high-risk pregnancy, premature delivery, or C-section and complicated births. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • One of the newest studies from researchers in Canada examines the impact of maternal factors and characteristics of pregnancy on cardiometabolic traits in newborns. (babymed.com)
  • Midwifery is the health science and health profession that deals with pregnancy , childbirth, and the postpartum period (including care of the newborn). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • There was no difference between the two groups in the risk of several pregnancy complications: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, placenta complications, emergency cesarean section, instrumental delivery, stillbirth, preterm birth, congenital malformations, or low Apgar score. (chkd.org)
  • Pregnancy-related outcomes were compared with two additional control groups: one consisting of the same group of women who did not receive ECT during another pregnancy and the other composed of pregnant women admitted to inpatient psychiatric care but who did not receive ECT, matched based on propensity score. (lu.se)
  • Nevertheless, the risks of premature birth and of a slightly poorer condition in newborns were higher in women who did than did not receive ECT, emphasizing the need for increased attention to severe psychiatric disorders during pregnancy. (lu.se)
  • Information is shown for the items: Risk factors in this pregnancy, Obstetric procedures, Characteristics of Objectives --This is the first report to present maternal and infant labor and delivery, Method of delivery, Abnormal conditions of the health information exclusive to the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard newborn, and Congenital anomalies of the newborn. (cdc.gov)
  • An Apgar score that remains below three at five minutes and later times, such as 10, 15, or 30 minutes, does not provide supporting evidence for a specific illness but can sometimes be among the first indicators of neonatal encephalopathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • During neonatal resuscitation, Apgar scores may not accurately represent the condition of the neonate as resuscitation measures (i.e. positive pressure ventilation and chest compressions) may artificially elevate scores. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transient tachypnea of the newborn occurs in mature newborns with mature surfactant pathways and poorly developed respiratory epithelial Na+ transport, whereas neonatal RDS occurs in infants with both premature surfactant pathways and immature Na+ transport. (medscape.com)
  • 6, higher likelihood of Sick Newborn Care Unit admission and neonatal death. (who.int)
  • Nonetheless, the APGAR score matters during the first few hours of life, as the test is designed to help doctors quickly assess a newborn's overall physical condition and give him adequate medical care, if needed, which may prove crucial for premature infants. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • Alongside Duncan Holaday and Stanley James, Apgar published a research paper using the scores of 15,348 infants to establish the association between a low Apgar score (0-2) and laboratory findings characteristics of asphyxia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exceedingly few infants who have an Apgar score of 0 at 10 minutes of age survive with intact neurological function. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in a recent retrospective study including 17 infants with an Apgar score of 0 at 10 minutes who received therapeutic hypothermia, 4 of the 8 surviving babies had no neurological abnormalities and only 1 infant had severe abnormalities, as assessed through brain MRI. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ocular anterior segment in 3 newborn infants with bilateral total cataract and anterior uveitis related to endogenous Spiroplasma ixodetis infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Infants of mothers who received antenatal betamethasone at 34 0 -36 6 weeks' gestation had a significantly lower incidence of transient tachypnea of the newborn (relative risk 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.92), severe RDS (0.60, 0.33 to 0.94), and use of surfactant (0.61, 0.38 to 0.99). (bmj.com)
  • Retinopathy of prematurity, called ROP in the medical community, affects premature infants and newborns. (babymed.com)
  • Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a self-limited disease commonly seen in neonates throughout the world and is encountered by all physicians who take care of newborn infants. (medscape.com)
  • Infants with transient tachypnea of the newborn present within the first few hours of life with tachypnea and other signs of respiratory distress, increased oxygen requirement, and ABGs that do not reflect carbon dioxide retention. (medscape.com)
  • Noninfectious acute respiratory disease develops in approximately 1% of all newborn infants and results in admission to a critical care unit. (medscape.com)
  • Bioelectrical studies of human infants' nasal epithelia demonstrate that both transient tachypnea of the newborn and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) involve defective amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport. (medscape.com)
  • The 10-point score awards two points each for Appearance (skin colour), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace response (reflexes), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration (breathing rate and effort) of the newborn. (ices.on.ca)
  • The score is determined through the evaluation of the newborn in five criteria: activity (tone), pulse, grimace, appearance, and respiration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ten years after the debut of the Apgar score, Dr. L. Joseph Butterfield introduced an acronym as a mnemonic aid for the term: Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration. (wordsmith.org)
  • The Apgar score is a universal measure done by physicians, midwives and nurses. (ices.on.ca)
  • Like most new parents, you probably didn't know that midwives and doctors do an APGAR test shortly after your baby is born. (daddysdigest.com)
  • Various members of the healthcare team, including midwives, nurses, or physicians, may be involved in the Apgar scoring of a neonate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Doctors, midwives, or nurses add these five factors together to calculate the Apgar score. (aapc.com)
  • Preterm birth is a major cause of illness and death in newborns. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A newborn's APGAR score is not an indication of your child's long-term health condition. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • If you decide to take legal action because of birth injury, your child's APGAR Scores will certainly be reviewed along with a potentially long list of other scientific evidence. (lawfitz.com)
  • The identification of hemangiomas by examining the record cards of the newly-born at the maternity hospital, noting the location of the lesion(s), child's gender and weight, prematurity, Apgar score and any additional malformations. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Apgar score that evaluates a baby's condition at birth may also be a useful tool for predicting whether a mother is critically ill, new research suggests. (ices.on.ca)
  • In a research letter published today in the journal JAMA Pediatrics , Dr. Ray wrote that among mothers whose baby had a normal Apgar score five minutes after birth, 1.7 per 1,000 of the women were admitted to an ICU. (ices.on.ca)
  • When the Apgar score fell into the intermediate range, 12.3 of every 1,000 mothers were admitted to an ICU. (ices.on.ca)
  • When the newborn's Apgar score was in the low range, the mother's rate of ICU admission rose to 18.2 per 1,000. (ices.on.ca)
  • Unlike school grades that they would proudly share on social media, many think that the APGAR score is but one of the many routine measurements, along with weight and height, that gauge an infant's health and well-being at birth. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • An actively moving baby at birth gets a high score. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • If, after the second APGAR test, a baby's score is still below 7, then another APGAR test may be required at 10 minutes after birth, and possibly every five minutes after that until the baby's scores are at normal levels. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • Apgar is a quick test performed on a baby at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The higher the score, the better the baby is doing after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A score of 10 is very unusual, since almost all newborns lose 1 point for blue hands and feet, which is normal for after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Each newborn baby is carefully checked at birth for signs of problems or complications. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Newborn babies may often lose 5% to 7% of their birth weight. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Physical Examination of the Newborn A thorough physical examination of a newborn should be done within 24 hours of birth. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The Apgar score is a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. (wikipedia.org)
  • As previously mentioned, in its infancy the Apgar score was developed to be used on newborns at 1 minute after birth. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, today the Apgar score is not utilized as a way to determine the need for newborn resuscitation because supportive measures must be implemented prior to 1 minute after birth. (wikipedia.org)
  • The test is generally done at one and five minutes after birth and may be repeated later if the score is and remains low. (wikipedia.org)
  • Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is defined as the failure of the normal circulatory transition that occurs after birth. (medscape.com)
  • Newborns can get eye infections from bacteria in the birth canal. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Don't be alarmed if your newborn loses some weight shortly after birth. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • NOTES: This is a judging world and we get evaluated right from birth (Apgar) to death (how many people came to the funeral). (wordsmith.org)
  • The score is typically calculated at one minute and five minutes after birth. (wordsmith.org)
  • it's just a visual sort of test, given twice to the newborn - once at 1 minute old and the second at 5 minutes after birth. (aapc.com)
  • I wondered why so many newborns were in medical danger soon after birth. (kevinmd.com)
  • The foetal complications and outcome parameters were birth weight, Apgar score at the time of birth and at five minutes, need of high dependency unit care, and perinatal mortality. (hindawi.com)
  • In ancient Egypt , midwifery was a recognized female occupation, as attested by the Ebers Papyrus which dates from 1900 to 1550 B.C.E. Five columns of this papyrus deal with obstetrics and gynecology, especially concerning the acceleration of parturition (the action or process of giving birth to offspring) and the birth prognosis of the newborn. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • At one and five minutes after birth, an APGAR score from 0-10 will be given. (melbmidwifery.com.au)
  • The cranial deformation, however, was no longer observed after birth in five out of the seven newborns, whose post-natal cranial parameters were identical to those measured before delivery. (plos.org)
  • An Apgar score is a measure of a newborn's health -- including heart rate, reflexes and muscle tone -- conducted immediately after birth. (chkd.org)
  • Regarding weight at birth, 58 of the newborns displayed adequate weight, 08 low weight, 1 very low weight and 1 extremely low weight. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Apgar test gives a score for heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, response to stimulation, and color in the newborn. (today.com)
  • Screening Tests for Newborns Screening recommendations for newborns vary by clinical context and regulatory requirements. (merckmanuals.com)
  • A newborn screening. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Should Newborn Screening Protocols Include Genome Sequencing? (babymed.com)
  • Homer passed the Newborn Hearing Screening, Mrs. O, did not remember the APGAR score. (artscolumbia.org)
  • Caesarean delivery reduces the risk of causing a traumatic injury of the newborn compared to vaginal delivery, especially with breech presentation but does not eliminate this possible accidental complication. (hindawi.com)
  • The detection of risk factors by a good prenatal follow-up and the regular training of the care providers for adequate and multidisciplinary care (obstetrician, intensive care nephrologist and pediatrician) of hypertensive pregnant women and their newborns can improve the maternal prognosis and fetal. (scirp.org)
  • Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is the result of a delay in clearance of fetal lung liquid. (medscape.com)
  • Mature newborns who have normal transitions from fetal to postnatal life have mature surfactant and lung epithelial systems. (medscape.com)
  • Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) results from delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid following delivery. (medscape.com)
  • APGAR is a clinical assessment done in the first minutes of life to determine how well the infant is transitioning to life outside of the womb," U.S. board-certified neonatologist Terri Major-Kincade, M.D. , explained to Parents . (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • It is the study of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, the immediate outcome and the factors associated with newborn (NB) mortality with NA. (scirp.org)
  • The objective of this work is to study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of PA, as well as the immediate outcome of newborns included. (scirp.org)
  • The clinical signs led the neonatology team to perform an X-ray of the legs of the newborn. (hindawi.com)
  • When managing transient tachypnea of the newborn, it is imminent to observe for development of respiratory fatigue and signs of clinical deterioration that may suggest some other diagnoses. (medscape.com)
  • Although, full-term neonates may have lower lamellar body counts, suggesting diminished surfactant function and association with prolonged tachypnea of newborns. (medscape.com)
  • He found a "very strong relation" between a baby's Apgar score and whether its mother was admitted to ICU after delivery. (ices.on.ca)
  • For example, after the delivery of the newborn, there was a great rush to clamp and cut the umbilical cord. (kevinmd.com)
  • After the cord was clamped, it was cut, and the baby was handed to a nurse who rushed the infant to a separate area to be analyzed for the Apgar score, which measured how strong and healthy the baby was immediately after delivery. (kevinmd.com)
  • Other outcomes--including requiring a higher level of care after delivery and the newborns' condition as measured by Apgar score--were not significantly different between groups. (eurekalert.org)
  • Cesarean delivery is associated with increased risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn regardless of whether the cesarean delivery was preceded by labor or not. (medscape.com)
  • Labor prior to cesarean delivery is not protective of transient tachypnea of the newborn. (medscape.com)
  • If the Apgar score is below 7 at the five-minute mark, some providers will check it a few minutes later to assess the effect of any action taken to correct any respiratory or cardiac concerns. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apgar originally thought up the criteria as way to address the lack of a standardized way to assess the need for assistive breathing procedures for newborns. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apgar scores assess the vitality of a newborn. (educationnext.org)
  • At baseline (1 October 2014 to 31 January 2015), there were 59 stillbirths per 1000 total births and 52 newborns with an Apgar score of 1-5 per 1000 live births. (bvsalud.org)
  • After 12 intervention months, stillbirths had decreased 34% to 39 per 1000 total births, while newborns with an Apgar score of 1-5 halved to 28 per 1000 live births. (bvsalud.org)
  • Certain STDs can cause blindness in newborns, so hospitals have adopted the practice of placing antibiotic eye ointment in the eyes of newborn babies, even those born to mothers who have tested negative for any STD. (melbmidwifery.com.au)
  • A score of 10 is uncommon, due to the prevalence of transient cyanosis, and does not substantially differ from a score of nine. (wikipedia.org)
  • A supine anteroposterior chest radiograph of an infant with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). (medscape.com)
  • Hand washing is critical for all personnel who provide newborn care to prevent transmission of infection. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Two Spiroplasma infections have been reported in humans: an intraocular infection in a newborn with Group VI Spiroplasma , now known as S. ixodetis ( 6 ), and a systemic infection in an immunocompromised adult with S. turonicum ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The reason why the test is repeated is because a low score during the first assessment could easily become normal after five minutes. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • If the score was low at the 1-minute test and hasn't improved, your doctor will continue or proceed with the necessary medical care. (daddysdigest.com)
  • The Apgar test is done by a doctor, midwife, or nurse. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This test is done to determine whether a newborn needs help breathing or is having heart trouble. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This test checks certain physical traits to help find out if your newborn needs any treatments or special monitoring right away. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • I was doing a practice test from aapc's website and it asked 'an apgar score is given to what type of pt to denote what kind of findings? (aapc.com)
  • Who scored the fastest century in test cricket match? (successcds.net)
  • One measure on the Apgar test is raising concerns. (babymed.com)
  • The very first test that's given to newborns is the APGAR Score . (lawfitz.com)
  • A high score doesn't guarantee that your baby will be in the pink of health at all times, and consequently, a baby with a low APGAR score may very well grow up to be healthy. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • How does your baby get his APGAR score? (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • it's rare for a baby to score a perfect 10. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • Anything lower than an APGAR score of 6 tells doctors that the baby needs immediate medical attention. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • Dr. Ray's study found that mothers whose babies had a low Apgar score had a nine-time higher risk of ICU admission than those whose baby had a normal Apgar, even upon taking into account the mother's age, number of previous deliveries, economic status and whether she had certain chronic health conditions. (ices.on.ca)
  • Mothers whose baby had an intermediate Apgar score had a 6.5-times higher risk of going to an ICU than those who had a normal Apgar. (ices.on.ca)
  • Mothers who required mechanical ventilation in the ICU - indicating they were especially ill - were 18 times more likely to have had a baby with a low Apgar score. (ices.on.ca)
  • Score 7-10: Baby is doing well and in good health. (daddysdigest.com)
  • The 1-minute score determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The 5-minute score tells the health care provider how well the baby is doing outside the mother's womb. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Any score lower than 7 is a sign that the baby needs medical attention. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The lower the score, the more help the baby needs to adjust outside the mother's womb. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Apgar scores of 6 or less usually mean a baby needed immediate attention and care. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Apgar tests happen within the first five minutes after your baby is born. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • A low score means that your baby may need additional help breathing and adjusting to life outside of your body. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The initial Apgar score is given, baby is given a bracelet that matches yours and prints are made for security. (babymed.com)
  • Baby will be taken to the weighing station where mucus and fluid is sucked from the mouth and the initial Apgar score is noted. (babymed.com)
  • Our study shows that a universally available metric for newborns - the Apgar score - provides a promising and novel application for mothers as well," said Dr. Ray. (ices.on.ca)
  • Whether these bacteria may contaminate the newborns of infected mothers is unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • A newborn gets tested for his APGAR score within the first minute outside your womb, and then again at five minutes after. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • Scoring is based on the normal level of above 100 beats per minute. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • If heart rate is less than 100 beats per minute, the infant scores 1 for heart rate. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most of the time, a low score at 1 minute is near-normal by 5 minutes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A low score on the one-minute mark may show that the neonate requires medical attention, but does not necessarily indicate a long-term problem, particularly if the score improves at the five-minute mark. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the first minute, 35.68% of newborns had an APGAR score of less than 7 and the fifth 25.5% had a score of less than 7. (scirp.org)
  • The researchers found that babies born at home were at a much higher risk of a five minute Apgar score of zero, seizures, and serious neurologic dysfunction, compared to those born in the hospital. (nbcnews.com)
  • Some doctors are so concerned they're calling for a reassessment of the criteria used for newborn evaluation. (babymed.com)
  • A policy approved by the medical director which fully identifies the criteria which would preclude management of newborns at the center. (ky.gov)
  • A newborn's APGAR score has been linked by studies to cerebral palsy and a mom's propensity to postpartum depression , but keep in mind that this does not predict long-term health, behavior, intelligence, or personality. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • Please bear in mind that this score doesn't predict a baby's long-term health, behavior or intellectual status and has only been designed to determine if a newborn requires immediate attention. (daddysdigest.com)
  • The Apgar score is not designed to predict the future health of the child. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Score 4-6: May need immediate medical care and help breathing. (daddysdigest.com)
  • In this case, the actual Apgar score is given after the immediate issues have been taken care of. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • A complete physical exam is an important part of newborn care. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • However, the Apgar test's purpose is to determine quickly whether or not a newborn needs immediate medical care. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results: there was found to be no care protocol and that the majority of newborns were small for their gestational age, premature and with abnormal reflexes, among other complications. (bvsalud.org)
  • Statistically significant association was found between the frequencies of various complications in mother and newborn and spot UPCR. (hindawi.com)
  • Cataract and uveitis are rare in newborns but potentially blinding. (cdc.gov)
  • If there is no reaction, the infant scores 0 for reflex irritability. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If there is grimacing and a cough, sneeze, or vigorous cry, the infant scores 2 for reflex irritability. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ECT-related outcomes in pregnant women were compared by propensity score matching with a group of non-pregnant women who also received ECT. (lu.se)
  • Was there some medical advantage to depriving the newborn of all the blood in the placenta? (kevinmd.com)
  • Three newborns with cataract and severe anterior uveitis underwent cataract surgery. (cdc.gov)
  • A normal score is considered to be 7 or higher. (ices.on.ca)
  • Score 7-10: This is considered normal. (daddysdigest.com)
  • It is completely normal to be confused and frustrated by your newborn. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • If a newborn did not get the normal score, the pediatrician would start various treatments to improve the newborn's chance of healthy survival. (kevinmd.com)
  • The mean Apgar score was 8 with 62/91.2% of the babies presenting a normal Apgar score, 5/7.3% slight asphyxia and 1/1.5% moderate asphyxia. (bvsalud.org)
  • Children who develop this malformation may have been born at term with a normal Apgar score and adequate weight. (bvsalud.org)
  • O escore médio do APGAR foi de 8 com 62/91.2% dos bebês exibindo APGAR normal, 05/7.3% exibindo asfixia leve, 01/1.5% asfixia moderada. (bvsalud.org)
  • Crianças que desenvolvem essa malformação podem nascer a termo, exibindo APGAR normal e com peso adequado. (bvsalud.org)
  • Apgar was also the first woman to head an academic department and hold a full professorship at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. (merritthawkins.com)
  • Idiopathic persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn can present without signs of acute perinatal distress. (medscape.com)
  • Some authors observe newborns usually present with isolated hemangiomas 10 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Score 3 or Less: May require immediate emergency medical attention. (daddysdigest.com)
  • Researchers from the Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles pulled medical records for 135 newborns from the optic nerve hypoplasia registry. (babymed.com)
  • One of the first medical tests every newborn receives is their APGAR score. (si.edu)
  • Isn't that your newborn nursery resident who assigned APGAR scores, now leading the code in the medical ICU? (studentdoctor.net)
  • Few babies score 10 and perfectly healthy babies sometimes have a lower than usual score. (daddysdigest.com)
  • Most babies score 8 or 9, with 1 or 2 points taken off for blue hands and feet because of immature circulation. (stanfordchildrens.org)
  • Otherwise, most newborn babies are not at risk for contracting the disease, so it is up to you whether you wish to do this or not. (melbmidwifery.com.au)
  • Analysis using a technique called propensity score matching, comparing groups of women with similar risk factors, yielded similar results. (eurekalert.org)
  • It's an evaluation of how well a newborn is adjusting to living in the real world. (smartparenting.com.ph)
  • In contrast to adult primary pulmonary hypertension, the newborn syndrome is not defined by a specific pressure of the pulmonary circulation. (medscape.com)