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NeuronsGangliaGanglia, SpinalRetinal Ganglion CellsNeurons, AfferentSalivary GlandsBasal GangliaGanglia, SympatheticGanglia, AutonomicTrigeminal GanglionMotor NeuronsGanglia, ParasympatheticGanglia, SensorySubmandibular GlandMammary Glands, AnimalExocrine GlandsAction PotentialsParotid GlandNodose GanglionStellate GanglionSpiral GanglionGanglia, InvertebrateSuperior Cervical GanglionAxonsSweat GlandsSebaceous GlandsSublingual GlandElectrophysiologySensory Receptor CellsSynapsesHarderian GlandCells, CulturedDopaminergic NeuronsPatch-Clamp TechniquesAdrenal GlandsImmunohistochemistryElectric StimulationSynaptic TransmissionNerve Tissue ProteinsDendritesMembrane PotentialsSalivary Gland NeoplasmsRetinaAnimals, NewbornGeniculate GanglionGABAergic NeuronsSpinal CordBasal Ganglia DiseasesCatsHippocampusgamma-Aminobutyric AcidNeurons, EfferentModels, NeurologicalTime FactorsNeural InhibitionRats, Sprague-DawleyCerebral CortexCell CountNeuropeptidesBrainRats, WistarOlfactory Receptor NeuronsNerve Growth FactorsCholinergic NeuronsDopamineLacrimal ApparatusSalivary Gland DiseasesMice, Inbred C57BLTyrosine 3-MonooxygenaseInterneuronsTetrodotoxinParathyroid GlandsMeibomian GlandsNeuritesMice, TransgenicAutonomic Fibers, PreganglionicMotor Neuron DiseaseIn Situ HybridizationExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsCalciumBrunner GlandsSalivary Glands, MinorNeurogliaRNA, MessengerMesencephalonStilbamidinesGlutamic AcidMedulla OblongataAxonal TransportPyramidal CellsNociceptorsAplysiaChick EmbryoCholine O-AcetyltransferaseGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalNerve DegenerationScent GlandsNerve NetAxotomyVisual Pathways
Superior cervicalSpinalAutonomic gangliaSalivaryLacrimalNervesSynapseInnervateSomatic motor systemNervous systemsSweatOrganSecretionOrgansPeripheral nervouSympathetic and parasympathetic divisionsInnervationCell bodiesClusters of neuronsFibersBodiesCholinergicDorsalSignalsVagusVertebral columnAxonPostganglionic neuronsImpulses away from the cellCardiacBrainstemTypes of neuronsModulateNerve CellsThoracicStellate GanglionMotor NeuronsPrevertebral gangliaSphenopalatine GanglionDivisionsBlood vesselsEnteric nervouPlexus
Superior cervical3
Spinal33
  • Coming from the entire spinal cord, the sympathetic nerves pass via switching stations, the ganglia of the borderline cord, to the internal organs and to the skin. (neuro-praxis-dus.de)
  • The parasympathetic neurons originate in the brain stem as well as the lower part of the spinal cord. (neuro-praxis-dus.de)
  • Ganglia may be divided into sensory ganglia of spinal nerves (spinal or posterior root ganglia) and cranial nerves and autonomic ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • Sensory ganglia of spinal nerves are fusiform swellings situated on the posterior root of each spinal nerve just proximal to the root's junction with a corresponding anterior root. (medscape.com)
  • They are referred to as spinal or posterior root ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • The nervous system of the thorax is a vital part of the nervous system as a whole, as it includes the spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and autonomic ganglia that communicate with and control many vital organs. (innerbody.com)
  • Autonomic neurons are also carried by the spinal nerves and carry signals to autonomic ganglia and further on to the organs of the trunk. (innerbody.com)
  • A central neuron in the lateral horn of any of these spinal regions projects to ganglia adjacent to the vertebral column through the ventral spinal roots. (openstax.org)
  • There are typically 23 ganglia in the chain on either side of the spinal column. (openstax.org)
  • This complex system is mediated by two major efferent pathways, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which obtain afferent signals from different parts of the body, neurons in the spinal cord and cerebral autonomic centres primarily in the hypothalamus, midbrain and brainstem. (bmj.com)
  • Synapse into 3 cord like chains of ganglia that run close to and in parallel on each side of the spinal cord. (easynotecards.com)
  • While the general somatic efferent (GSE) fibers (alpha and gamma motor neurons of the anterior horn) continue in the spinal nerve trunks to innervate skeletal muscle fibers and muscle spindles, almost all of the GVE fibers leave the spinal nerve trunks to enter sympathetic ganglia via a thin arm, the white ramus (Figs-1, 2, and 3). (blogspot.com)
  • Some of the fibers from nerve cells within the ganglia return to the spinal nerve trunk via a gray ramus. (blogspot.com)
  • Each of these additional ganglia is connected to a spinal nerve by a single gray ramus. (blogspot.com)
  • Similarly, a variable number of ganglia (four to eight) below L2 send gray rami to all of the spinal nerves below this level. (blogspot.com)
  • This is an important feature, enabling those effector organs which are innervated only by spinal nerves (cutaneous and skeletal muscle blood vessels, sweat glands, and pilomotor smooth muscle) to receive sympathetic input. (blogspot.com)
  • Sympathetic ganglia are located in two sympathetic chains close to the spinal cord: the prevertebral and pre-aortic chains. (wikidoc.org)
  • Parasympathetic ganglia, in contrast, are located in close proximity to the target organ: the submandibular ganglion close to salivatory glands, paracardiac ganglia close to the heart etc… Enteric ganglia, which as their name implies innervate the digestive tube, are located inside its walls and collectively contain as many neurons as the entire spinal cord, including local sensory neurons, motor neurons and interneurons. (wikidoc.org)
  • Preganglionc sympathetic neurons are in the spinal cord, at thoraco-lumbar levels. (wikidoc.org)
  • Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are in the medulla oblongata (forming visceral motor nuclei: the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnX), the nucleus ambiguus , and salivatory nuclei) and in the sacral spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • The preganglionic sympathetic neurons leave the spinal gray matter at the level of the first and second thoracic vertebrae (T1- T2). (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Post ganglionic neurons are unmyelinated when they leave the sympathetic chain via the gray ramus communicans and join the sensorimotor components of the spinal nerve and continuing on in the PNS. (emedsa.org.au)
  • The fibres that synapse with a ganglionic neuron send postganglionic fibres that return to spinal nerve via the grey rami, so called because they are darker and thinner, being composed of largely unmyelinated fibres. (derangedphysiology.com)
  • Somatic afferent neurons are unipolar neurons that enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root & their cell bodies are located in the dorsal root ganglia. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Sympathetic preganglionic neurones originate in the lateral horn of segments T1-L2 of the spinal cord, and exit the cord via the ventral horn (Fig. 7c) on their way to the paravertebral or prevertebral ganglia. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Parasympathetic preganglionic neurones originate in the brain stem, from which they run in cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X ( vagus ), and also from the second and third sacral segments of the spinal cord (Fig. 7a). (pediagenosis.com)
  • The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • a neuron carrying nerve impulses to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) from the periphery (other parts of the body). (ashp.org)
  • Forms the core of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia. (thehealthygamer.com)
  • Sensory (afferent) neurons - Respond to touch, sound, light, and other stimuli and transmit nerve impulses from effector sites(muscles, organs) to the brain and spinal cord. (thehealthygamer.com)
  • Motor (efferent) neurons - transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to the effector sites such as muscles or glands. (thehealthygamer.com)
  • Centrally, splenic innervation arises from sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs)located in the thoracic and rostral lumbar spinal cord. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Most of the ganglia for the sympathetic division are located just outside the spinal cord on both sides of it. (msdmanuals.com)
Autonomic ganglia2
Salivary3
Lacrimal2
  • They will travel to the lacrimal gland via the lacrimal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • General visceral efferent fibers include preganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers, which innervate lacrimal and seromucous glands in the nasal cavity and palate via the greater superficial petrosal nerve and sublingual and submandibular glands via the chorda tympani nerve. (darkskiesfilm.com)
Nerves14
  • The SPG's also have somatosensory nerves from the Trigeminal Nervous system and Sympathetic fiber that come from the Cervical Sympathetic Ganglion Chain including fibers originating in the Stellate Ganglion. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • The blood flow to the anterior 2/3 of the brain is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves that travel with the trigeminal nerves. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Similar ganglia that are also found along the course of cranial nerves V, VII, VIII, IX, and X are called sensory ganglia of these nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Which of the following cranial nerves contains parasympathetic preganglionic fibers? (basichumanneuroanatomy.com)
  • Many autonomic nerves and ganglia pass through the thoracic region to innervate the internal organs. (innerbody.com)
  • Sympathetic nerves and ganglia form the "fight or flight" system that deals with stress, excitement, emergencies and exercise by raising the heart and breathing rates, among other effects. (innerbody.com)
  • Nerves and ganglia: its definition. (extramarks.com)
  • Each of the twelve thoracic and first two lumbar nerves is in contact with a paravertebral ganglion via a white and gray ramus. (blogspot.com)
  • While the peripheral system has groups of fibers (nerves) and groups of cell bodies (ganglia), it is simple compared to the CNS, which consists of millions of tightly packed neurons, fiber groups (tracts), and clumps of cell bodies (nuclei) with billions of synapses. (druglibrary.net)
  • The sensory arm is made of " primary visceral sensory neurons" found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), in "cranial sensory ganglia": the geniculate , petrosal and nodose ganglia, appended respectively to cranial nerves VII, IX and X. These sensory neurons monitor the levels of carbon dioxide, oxygen and sugar in the blood, arterial pressure and the chemical composition of the stomach and gut content. (wikidoc.org)
  • However, these visceral sensory nerves often colocalize within sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • a mass of neuron bodies (nerves). (ashp.org)
  • Nerves of PNS are how CNS receives sensory input(from sensory afferent neurons) and initiates responses(through motor efferent neurons). (thehealthygamer.com)
Synapse4
  • Transmission of a signal to another neuron across a synapse occurs via chemical transmitter. (medscape.com)
  • Primary sensory neurons project (synapse) onto "second order" or relay visceral sensory neurons located in the medulla oblongata, forming the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS), that integrates all visceral information. (wikidoc.org)
  • It is denoted as parasympathetic because preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse within the SPG. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Preganglionic neurones of both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems release acetylcho- line in the synapse, which acts on cholinergic nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic fibre. (pediagenosis.com)
Innervate4
  • Autonomic nerve fibers innervate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. (blogspot.com)
  • Its most useful definition could be: the sensory and motor neurons that innervate the viscera . (wikidoc.org)
  • Pre-ganglion parasympathetic fibres are myelinated but they have a longer course until the reach the parasympathetic ganglion near the innervate organ. (emedsa.org.au)
  • An exception is the sympathetic innervation of the adrenal gland , where preganglionic neurones directly innervate the adrenal medulla. (pediagenosis.com)
Somatic motor system1
  • Schematic diagram comparing some features of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system with the somatic motor system. (mhmedical.com)
Nervous systems8
  • While the brain stem controls important reflexes such as coughing, sneezing, swallowing and vomiting, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems control the functions of the internal organs. (neuro-praxis-dus.de)
  • The autonomic nervous system is composed of neurons that are not under conscious control, and is comprised of two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. (mcw.edu)
  • The gastrointestinal tract is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and, additionally, the enteric nervous system which, through Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses, control motility and secretion in the small and large intestines. (bmj.com)
  • they also provide sensory input to the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems and receive motor output from them. (mhmedical.com)
  • It comprises sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems, which are three anatomically distinct divisions. (tomwademd.net)
  • The peripheral nervous system can be divided into the somatic nervous system , which controls voluntary movement of our skeletal muscles , and the autonomic nervous system, which controls the involuntary activity of the smooth muscles and glands of our organs, and is further divided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems . (osmosis.org)
  • Define the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its divisions, the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous systems (PANS and SANS, respectively). (ashp.org)
  • The autonomic is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. (thehealthygamer.com)
Sweat3
Organ8
  • A muscle or gland innervated by autonomic fibers is called an effector organ. (blogspot.com)
  • 2. Parasympathetic post ganglionic fibres- all the post ganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic nervous system have cholinergic synapses with the target organ. (solvedlib.com)
  • Parasympathetic peripheral ganglia are generally found close to or in the target organ, whereas sympathetic ganglia are largely located in two sympathetic chains either side of the vertebral column ( paravertebral ganglia ), or in diffuse prevertebral ganglia of the visceral plexuses of the abdomen and pelvis (Fig. 7a). (pediagenosis.com)
  • However, there is a high degree of central coordination, so that an increase in sympathetic activity to an organ is commonly accompanied by a decrease in parasympathetic activity. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity may modulate different functions in the same organ (e.g. genital organs). (pediagenosis.com)
  • Parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system project preganglionic fibers towards parasympathetic ganglia, which are collections of neurons near the organ they are supposed to affect.From there, postganglionic fibers project towards the target cell. (osmosis.org)
  • a neuron carrying nerve impulses toward an effector organ. (ashp.org)
  • Their results indicate that thevagus nerve inherently communicates with the splenic nerve to suppress TNF production by macrophages in thespleen.According to the prevailing paradigm, the autonomic nervous system is anatomically and functionally divided insympathetic and parasympathetic branches, which act in opposition to regulate organ function. (fliphtml5.com)
Secretion1
  • Parasympathetic activation causes secretion in many glands (e.g. bronchial mucous glands), and either contraction (e.g. bladder detrusor) or relaxation (e.g. bladder internal sphincter) of smooth muscle, although it has little effect on blood vessels. (pediagenosis.com)
Organs16
  • While the impulses of the sympathetic nervous system usually have a quick and mobilizing effect, parasympathetic impulses tend to have a dampening effect on many organs. (neuro-praxis-dus.de)
  • Ascending tracts within the white matter carry sensory information to the brain, while descending tracts carry motor control signals to the muscles, glands, and organs. (innerbody.com)
  • These autonomic components conduct the unconscious signals that control the organs and glands of the body. (innerbody.com)
  • To coordinate all these responses, the connections in the sympathetic system diverge from a limited region of the central nervous system (CNS) to a wide array of ganglia that project to the many effector organs simultaneously. (openstax.org)
  • The somatic system includes both the central and the peripheral neurons that convey impulses from the sense organs, organize them in the brain, and deliver motor impulses to the skeletal muscles. (druglibrary.net)
  • While the latter tends to act diffusely, causing all the effects at once, the parasympathetic system can act independently on different organs. (druglibrary.net)
  • They belong to three categories with different effects on their target organs (see below "Function"): sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric. (wikidoc.org)
  • The general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers conduct sensory impulses (usually pain or reflex sensations) from the internal organs, glands, and blood vessels to the central nervous system. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Parasympathetic ganglia are not shown as discrete structures because most of them are diffusely distributed in the walls of the organs innervated. (mhmedical.com)
  • And acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons acts on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors on target organs. (osmosis.org)
  • Axon - cylendrical projection from the cell body that transmits nervous impulses to other neurons or effector sites(muscles, organs). (thehealthygamer.com)
  • So sensory neurons transmit from muscles and organs to the CNS. (thehealthygamer.com)
  • Motor neurons transmit nerve impulses from CNS to muscles and organs. (thehealthygamer.com)
  • Nerve fibers from these ganglia connect with internal organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The ganglia for the parasympathetic division are located near or in the organs they connect with. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Many organs are controlled primarily by either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic division. (msdmanuals.com)
Peripheral nervou2
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions2
  • It can be further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. (medscape.com)
  • For example, the heart receives connections from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. (openstax.org)
Innervation3
  • The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system concerned with the innervation of involuntary structures, such as the heart, smooth muscle, and glands within the body. (medscape.com)
  • GVE fibers provide motor (parasympathetic) innervation to the viscera. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Deviating towards the celiacganglion, they next join company with the splenic vein, and are eventually distributed to localised parts of the vein.This review article evaluates the conventional knowledge and points to new insights into neural regulation ofspleen.Key Words : Spleen, Suprachiasmatic nucleus, pineal gland, T cells, immune.INTRODUCTIONSplenic immune function is modulated by sympathetic innervation, which in turn is controlled by inputs fromsupraspinal regions. (fliphtml5.com)
Cell bodies3
Clusters of neurons2
Fibers9
  • The motor (efferent) division carries motor signals by way of efferent nerve fibers from the CNS to effectors (mainly glands and muscles). (medscape.com)
  • Also termed the submucosal plexus , it has unmyelinated nerve fibers and ganglion cells. (getaprofessor.com)
  • It is the largest peripheral parasympathetic ganglion with manifold connections to general sensory fibers and the internal carotid plexus [5-7]. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • The preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system are in the superior salivatory nucleus of the pons and pass through the nervous intermedius of the facial nerve and enter the SPG as a branch of the greater petrosal nerve. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • General visceral efferent fibers carry parasympathetic autonomic axons. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • Although general visceral afferent fibers are part of the ANS, they are not classified as part of the sympathetic or parasympathetic system. (darkskiesfilm.com)
  • The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), as well as the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), contain afferent fibers that provide sensory input and efferent fibers that provide motor output to the central nervous system (CNS). (tomwademd.net)
  • Acetylcholine released from preganglionic fibers acts on nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons. (osmosis.org)
  • It is connected by nerve fibers to the other cell, which is located in a cluster of nerve cells (called an autonomic ganglion). (msdmanuals.com)
Bodies1
Cholinergic3
  • For each of these systems, describe the locations of cholinergic synapses, in terms of which types of neurons release ACh and what types of target cells contain ACh receptors. (solvedlib.com)
  • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglions have cholinergic (ACH secreting ) pre ganglionic nerve fibres. (solvedlib.com)
  • Parasympathetic postganglionic neurones release acetylcholine, which acts on cholinergic muscarinic receptors. (pediagenosis.com)
Dorsal2
Signals3
  • The visceral motor division, also known as the autonomic nervous system, carries signals to glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
  • In the thorax it sends parasympathetic signals to slow the heart rate and to the lungs to reduce the respiratory rate. (innerbody.com)
  • 2 I see it as the enhanced synapses' having less resistance to passage of electrochemical neuronal circuits, so that signals take the path of least resistance from one neuron to another. (natural-universe.net)
Vagus1
  • The parasympathetic system, mostly represented in the thorax by the vagus nerve, acts as the body's "rest and digest" system by counteracting the sympathetic system and relaxing the heart and lungs. (innerbody.com)
Vertebral column2
  • The majority of ganglia of the sympathetic system belong to a network of sympathetic chain ganglia that runs alongside the vertebral column. (openstax.org)
  • There are two of these chains, one on either side of the vertebral column connected in front of the coccyx by the single ganglion impar (Fig-2). (blogspot.com)
Axon6
  • A neurone consists of a cell body (with a nucleus and cytoplasm), dendrites that carry electrical impulses to the cell, and a long axon that carries the impulses away from the cell. (medscape.com)
  • The axon of one neurone and the dendrites of the next neurone do not actually touch. (medscape.com)
  • Conduction of an impulse along a neurone occurs from the dendrites to the cell body to the axon. (medscape.com)
  • the space between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite body of another neuron where a functional connection between them occurs. (ashp.org)
  • Neurons are composed of cell body, axon, and dendrites. (thehealthygamer.com)
  • The neuron-satellite cell complex and the composition of the axon hillock in DRG have also been investigated, but, apart from basic descriptions of Schwann cells, ultrastructural investigations of other cell types in DRG are limited. (bvsalud.org)
Postganglionic neurons2
Impulses away from the cell1
  • an elongated protrusion of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell. (ashp.org)
Cardiac1
  • The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g. of the gut), and glands[GO]. (mcw.edu)
Brainstem2
Types of neurons1
Modulate1
  • chemical compounds produced by the body (" endogenous ") that relay, amplify, and/or modulate signal transmission between two neurons or between neurons and other cells. (ashp.org)
Nerve Cells1
Thoracic1
  • However, there are three ganglia in the chain above the thoracic region as well as several below L2 (Fig. 14-2). (blogspot.com)
Stellate Ganglion1
Motor Neurons1
Prevertebral ganglia1
  • In addition to the paired paravertebral ganglia, there are several unpaired prevertebral ganglia in the abdomen and pelvis. (blogspot.com)
Sphenopalatine Ganglion6
  • Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) Blocks have been called "The Miracle Block" for good reason. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • They are basically modified squirt guns that deliver liquid anesthetic over the mucosa covering the medial wall of the Pterygpopaltine Fossa which houses the Sphenopalatine Ganglion as well as the Maxillary Nerve a major sensory division of the Trigeminal Nerve. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Self-Administered Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks utilize cotton-tipped catheters that offer continual capillary feed of anesthetic to the same area the Sphenocath and TX360 but instead of requiring visit to ER or physicians office the patient can do them without leaving their house. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Originally, the Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block procedure was done by ENT's who utilized a Cocaine solution. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Abstract: The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) block has been utilized to treat a wide variety of pain disorders. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
  • Anatomy: Because the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) has diffuse and extensive anatomical connections within the trigemino-autonomic (parasympathetic) reflex, it is of great interest to clinicians who treat pain conditions [1]. (sphenopalatineganglionblocks.com)
Divisions1
  • The parasympathetic divisions tend to have a calming effect. (medscape.com)
Blood vessels1
  • The sympathetic system generally mobilizes bodily resources for action-it constricts visceral blood vessels so that more blood is directed to muscles and brain, accelerates the heart beat, inhibits intestinal and gastric activity, widens the pupils of the eye, and secretes adrenaline The parasympathetic system is the antagonist of these effects. (druglibrary.net)
Enteric nervou2
Plexus1
  • In the gastrointestinal tract, there are two distinct ganglion layers that mediate peristalsis: submucosal (Meissner's) plexus and myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus. (pressbooks.pub)