Neurons antagonists receptors amino acid. Medical search. Frequent questions

It has recently been demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2) produces memory deficit in adulthood, an effect associated with a reduced functionality of the glutamatergic system. (researchgate.net)
In contrast, these mice showed a normal conditioned aversion to the kappa opioid receptor agonist, U50,488 (5 mg/kg), and to LiCl (100 mg/kg) indicating that these mice are capable of associative learning. (bvsalud.org)
EPSCs elicited by st. lucidum stimulation were reversibly reduced (mean, 23%) by the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist (2S, 1'R, 2'R, 3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxyl-cyclopropyl)-glycine (DCG-IV, 1 microM). (nih.gov)
Methadone is of particular interest because it possesses both micro-receptor agonist and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist activities. (silverchair.com)
It also highlights the status of the agonist and antagonist of brain RAS in the treatment of various neurological disorders. (hindawi.com)
The type III mGluR agonist l -2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate consistently inhibited 5HT-evoked calcium rises, whereas in a smaller number of cells quisqualate and L-CCG-I showed both inhibitory and additive effects. (jneurosci.org)
LTD could also be induced by coupling tetani to bath application of groups I and II mGluR agonist (1 S ,3 R )-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1 S ,3 R -ACPD). (jneurosci.org)
Local administration of the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist (S)-alfa-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (50 and 200 μM) decreased acetylcholine output and this effect was reversed by simultaneous perfusion with the GABA antagonist bicuculline (50 μM). (unifi.it)
A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool. (lookformedical.com)
A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist. (lookformedical.com)

CA1 pyramidal neurons increase their firing (recorded extracellularly) in response to ionophoresed Glu within their apical dendritic fields or in the cell body layer (Dudar 1974 PMID#4437726). (yale.edu)
However, these changes are superimposed in individuals with reduced brain volume, especially in the hippocampus, and other developmental abnormalities, such as reduced dendritic arborizations, decreased number of spines, spine atrophy, and abnormalities of spine orientation in pyramidal neurons. (medscape.com)

Increases levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. (medscape.com)
BF adenosine (ADO), γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), and glutamate levels were then determined via microdialysis from intact, freely behaving rats following oral ALM, ZOL or VEH. (sri.com)
GABA(A)-mediated postsynaptic currents were subject to paired-pulse depression that was inhibited by the GABA(B) antagonist CGP 55845A (5 microM). (nih.gov)
He observed that GAD (glutamic acid decarboxylase), the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis, was very low in the early stages of development of the chick retina and that, as the tissue matured, GAD activity increased several times over. (gf.org)
They also mapped the cell types that, upon activation of excitatory amino acid receptors, would release GABA and Signal GABAergic information in specific sites of the retina. (gf.org)
It is generally one of three beta-type subunits that contribute to a GABA-binding pentameric, postsynaptic chloride ion channel on neurons. (rndsystems.com)
Mature human GABA-A-R beta 3 is 448 amino acids (aa) in length. (rndsystems.com)
These neurons are believed to release GABA, not glutamate, as their neurotransmitter (Yazulla, 1986), suggesting the weak glutamate labeling reflects the pool of metabolic glutamate used in the synthesis of GABA. (org.es)
To test this hypothesis we examined the consequences of increasing ambient glutamate on GABA-mediated synaptic activity in supraoptic neurons. (hal.science)
Thus, presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors located on inhibitory terminals in the supraoptic nucleus appear to sense changes in ambient glutamate and modify GABA release accordingly. (hal.science)
In one set of experiments the effect of the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist quisqualate was investigated both on acetylcholine and GABA output from the striatum of the same animal. (unifi.it)

The present review will discuss why this new hypothesis is especially attractive to describe the pathophysiology of the autistic brain in light of recent progress made in understanding the generation, migration, and differentiation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the cortex. (neurotransmitter.net)
Though glutamate is present in all neurons, only a few are glutamatergic, releasing glutamate as their neurotransmitter. (org.es)
2. Histological techniques identify glutamatergic neurons. (org.es)
In hypothalamic neurons, modulators such as neuropeptide Y (NPY) and adenosine depress glutamatergic transmission by either a pertussis toxin (PTx)-sensitive G-protein-coupled pathway or by inhibition of voltage-activated calcium channels (VACCs). (jneurosci.org)
Tetanic stimuli to layer I-II afferents in rat prefrontal cortex induced long-term depression (LTD) of layer I-II to layer V pyramidal neuron glutamatergic synapses when tetani were coupled to bath application of dopamine. (jneurosci.org)
Since therapeutic approaches for ALS are focused on glutamatergic function, we investigated modulation of glutamate transport based on its receptor function as well as excitotoxicity-induced inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
The modulation of striatal cholinergic neurons by glutamatergic inputs was studied by monitoring the output of acetylcholine collected via a transversal microdialysis probe implanted into the striatum of freely moving rats. (unifi.it)
These results demonstrate that the activity of the striatal cholinergic neurons receive a differential modulation by glutamatergic inputs, depending on the type of receptor involved. (unifi.it)

Intrinsic brain RAS is an enzyme-neuropeptide system having functional components (angiotensinogen, peptidases, angiotensin, and specific receptor proteins) with important biological and neurobiological activities in the brain. (hindawi.com)

Agonists of these receptors stabilize the active conformation, whereas antagonists stabilize the inactive conformation. (hindawi.com)

FLI in the lateral one-third, but not the medial two-thirds, after nerve transection was significantly reduced by pretreatment with NMDA and AMPA/KA receptor antagonists, indicating that there is a considerable difference in the contributions of ionotropic glutamate receptors to FLI in this layer induced by nerve injury and tissue injury. (elsevierpure.com)

Excitatory amino acids are known to induce considerable neurotoxicity in central nervous system. (ewha.ac.kr)
receptors located on axon terminals, near to the release sites of the excitatory amino acids and peptides. (druglibrary.org)

Cholinergic disinhibition in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus is not mediated by receptors located on inhibitory neurons. (omeka.net)

We conclude that CA3 giant cells represent a particular class of hippocampal neuron located in st. radiatum that shares only some morphological and physiological properties with principal cells. (nih.gov)
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/channel (NMDAR) and voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) antagonists applied independently reduce the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) in area CA1 of the hippocampal slice preparation. (omeka.net)
In utero cocaine exposure decreases dopamine D1 receptor modulation of hippocampal long-term potentiation in the rabbit. (omeka.net)
2004) reported that neurotoxicity induced on primary hippocampal neurons cells by a primary microglia-conditioned medium treated with 15 µM Aβ (and thus enriched of D-serine) was rescued when the medium was depleted of D-serine by treatment with D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), as well as by adding DKCA, an antagonist of the glycine modulatory site of NMDA receptor. (d-aminoacids.com)

and ii) an exaggerated response of dorsal horn neurons to normally innocuous afferent input. (asra.com)
The results suggest that the neuropathic injury produces a long term, transynaptic change in a subpopulation of dorsal horn neurons, that is mediated by excitatory amino acid transmitters acting at NMDA receptors. (utmb.edu)

These RAS peptides are present in astrocytes, glial cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons of various areas of the brain [ 14 , 15 ] such as the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

Since the piriform cortex is also populated by PSA-NCAM immunoreactive neurons during adulthood, we sought to characterize them in detail and to test whether NMDA receptor antagonists also modulate PSA-NCAM in this cortical region. (nih.gov)
To this aim, through electrophysiology in cats, we explored that visual neurons, throughout the cortical column, have a tendency to alter their inherent properties even when presented a non-visual stimulus. (intechopen.com)

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) measured under voltage clamp were distinguished on the basis of their voltage dependence and sensitivity to specific NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptor blockers. (nih.gov)
These data indicate that NMDA and non-NMDA receptors make similar contributions to the responses of ON- and OFF-center and X and Y cells in the LGN. (umn.edu)
Kwon, YH , Esguerra, M & Sur, M 1991, ' NMDA and non-NMDA receptors mediate visual responses of neurons in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus ', Journal of neurophysiology , vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 414-428. (umn.edu)

However, in the treatment of diseases such as chronic pruritus, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, the use of selective H4R ligands and/or modulation of H1 and H4 receptor synergism may be more effective for such pathophysiological conditions. (hindawi.com)
Although metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) modulation has been studied extensively in neurons, it has not been investigated in astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
These data suggest that glutamate, acting at several metabotropic receptors expressed by astrocytes, could modulate glial activity evoked by neurotransmitters and thereby influence the ongoing modulation of neurons by astrocytes. (jneurosci.org)
Modulation of glutamate transmission has been studied extensively in neurons in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)

Administration of NMDA receptor antagonists upregulates the expression of the polysialylated form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) in the adult hippocampus. (nih.gov)
Similar to the hippocampus, NMDA receptors appear to play a critical role in these processes in the adult piriform cortex. (nih.gov)
The way that different parts of a neuron carry out multiple information processing roles is illustrated by the CA1 pyramidal cell in the hippocampus. (yale.edu)

A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. (lookformedical.com)
Zinc and copper modulate differentially the P2X receptor. (cdc.gov)

An excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitor (EAARI) is a type of drug which inhibits the reuptake of the excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate and aspartate by blocking one or more of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). (wikipedia.org)
thus, it blocks the action of glutamate and aspartate, excitatory amino acid CNS neurotransmitters. (medscape.com)
A neuron generates and propagates an action potential along its axon, then transmits this signal across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters, which trigger a reaction in another neuron or an effector cell (eg, muscle cells, most exocrine and endocrine cells). (msdmanuals.com)
Neurotransmitters enable neurons to communicate with each other. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurotransmitters that are released bind to receptors on another neuron. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurons that release neurotransmitters are called presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
In such cases, the dendrites (a neuron's receiving branches) on the postsynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters that affect receptors on the presynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
Retrograde transmission can inhibit presynaptic neurons from releasing additional neurotransmitters and help control the level of activity and communication among neurons. (msdmanuals.com)
Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind briefly to specific receptors on the adjoining neuron or effector cell. (msdmanuals.com)

In the present study, the neurotoxicity was induced by application of kainate or AMPA in chick telencephalic neuron, and neuroprotective activity was tested with complestatin that was isolated from streptomyces species. (ewha.ac.kr)
In cultured telencephalic neurons exposed to 500 μM kainate for 2 days, the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX, 5 μM) completely blocked kainate-induced neurotoxicity. (ewha.ac.kr)
Also, complestatin (0.5 μM) completely blocked kainate-induced neuronal injury at a concentration lower than that required for prototype AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist DNQX. (ewha.ac.kr)
In addition, complestatin blocked AMPA-induced neurotoxicity when the neurons were pretreated with cyclothiazide, a desensitization blocker of AMPA receptor. (ewha.ac.kr)

When the presynaptic neuron is stimulated, calcium channels open and the influx of calcium ions into the axon terminal triggers a cascade of events leading to the release of neurotransmitter. (org.es)
Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. (lookformedical.com)
A particular neuron generates the same action potential after each stimulus, conducting it at a fixed velocity along the axon. (msdmanuals.com)

The presence of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors on GABAergic terminals in the supraoptic nucleus suggests that the level of glutamate in the extracellular space may regulate synaptic strength at inhibitory synapses. (hal.science)
Furthermore, blocking group III metabotropic glutamate receptors with the specific antagonist MAP4 prevented the depression of GABAergic transmission induced by glutamate transporter blockade. (hal.science)
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors tonically activate cholinergic neurons and increase acetylcholine output while non-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors indirectly, via a GABAergic link, decrease acetylcholine output. (unifi.it)

Amphetamine is a selective noncompetitive reuptake inhibitor of presynaptic EAAT3 (via transporter endocytosis) in dopamine neurons. (wikipedia.org)
The chemical messenger, or neurotransmitter, provides a way to send the signal across the extracellular space, from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic cell. (org.es)
Some neuroactive compounds are amino acids, which also have metabolic functions in the presynaptic cell. (org.es)
ion channels directly connect the cytoplasm of the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)

D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES. (lookformedical.com)
The signal may stimulate or inhibit the receiving cell, depending on the neurotransmitter and receptor involved. (msdmanuals.com)

Importantly, activity recordings at the level of single neurons, neuronal networks or even entire brain regions consistently show hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD (summarized in Table 1 ). (nature.com)
Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)

In contrast, d-methadone (N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist) did not produce hyperalgesia. (silverchair.com)
This seems to be the result of antagonistic activity of d-methadone at the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. (silverchair.com)
The current findings with methadone are supportive of previous findings implicating mu-opioid and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor mechanisms in OIH. (silverchair.com)
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-APV) and 3-((±)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP), when iontophoresed at doses that specifically antagonized NMDA-induced responses but not kainate-induced responses, reduced the responses of all cell types in the LGN, including X and Y cells, lagged and nonlagged cells, and ON- and OFF-center cells. (umn.edu)
Increasing evidence has suggested the possibility that the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors modulates spinal nociceptive transmission via a nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. (silverchair.com)
SEVERAL lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the activation of spinal N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors plays a critical role in spinal mechanisms of pathologic pain states, such as hyperalgesia and allodynia. (silverchair.com)
Ketamine, an antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, produces rapid antidepressant effects with low, subanesthetic doses of 0.5 mg/kg administered IV over 40 minutes. (uspharmacist.com)
Differential regulation by N-methyl-D-aspartate and non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors of acetylcholine release from the rat striatum in vivo. (unifi.it)
Local administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist 3-[(RS)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl]-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (25-100 μM) brought about a decrease in striatal acetylcholine output which was dose-dependent, reversible and partially antagonized by 100 μM N-methyl-d-aspartate. (unifi.it)
On the other hand local administration of the non-N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoil-benzo(F)quinoxaline was followed by an increase in acetylcholine output which reached a maximum of about +55% at 12.8 μM 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoil-benzo(F)quinoxaline and was readily reversed when the drug was withdrawn from the perfusion solution. (unifi.it)

Amphetamine modulates excitatory neurotransmission through endocytosis of the glutamate transporter EAAT3 in dopamine neurons. (wikipedia.org)

11,12 Furthermore, electrophysiologic studies have shown that either NO or cGMP are involved in the sensitization of spinal secondary neuron after peripheral inflammation. (silverchair.com)

A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. (lookformedical.com)
and those on neurons mediate somatostatin's role as a neurotransmitter. (bvsalud.org)

In the next series of experiments, coapplication of dopamine and 1 S ,3 R -ACPD, but not application of either drug alone, consistently induced LTD without tetani or even single test stimuli during drug application, suggesting that coactivation of dopamine receptors and the mGluRs is sufficient for LTD induction. (jneurosci.org)
Immunoblot analyses with anti-active mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-Ks) revealed that D1 receptors, D2 receptors, group I mGluRs, and group II mGluRs all contribute to MAP-K activation in prefrontal cortex, and that combined activation of dopamine receptors and mGluRs synergistically or additively activate MAP-Ks. (jneurosci.org)
Our results suggest that dopamine receptors and groups I and II mGluRs cooperate to induce LTD through converging postsynaptic activation of MAP-Ks. (jneurosci.org)
This dramatic increase coincides with the introduction of a range of new neurochemical and pharmacological tools for the study of dopamine neurons and their function in the brain, as well as the identification of the dopamine receptors, their pharmacology, and their role in mediating the antipsychotic action of neuroleptics [12,13]. (lu.se)

This finding was one of the first demonstrations of the existence of functional neurotransmitter receptors in the developing nervous system prior to the existence of the endogenous neurotransmitter. (gf.org)
2) Specific neurotransmitter receptors are localized on the postsynaptic cells, and (3) there exists a mechanism to stop neurotransmitter release and clear molecules from the cleft. (org.es)

The brain has shown the presence of various components of brain RAS such as angiotensinogen (AGT), converting enzymes, angiotensin (Ang), and specific receptors (ATR). (hindawi.com)

Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. (lookformedical.com)

To test this hypothesis, rats were given bilateral IgG-192-saporin injections, which predominantly targets cholinergic BF neurons. (sri.com)
Neurons containing immunoreactivity to the endogenous lactose-binding lectin, RL-29, were examined in the L4 segment of the spinal cord of rats with an experimental neuropathy. (utmb.edu)
In the first experiment, 62% (15/24) of 6-OHDA pre-treated rats and 45% (11/24) of those receiving ascorbic acid as control solution progressed to motor limbic seizures evolving to SE, after the administration of pilocarpine. (scielo.br)

Neuroactive glutamate is classified as an excitatory amino acid (EAA) because glutamate binding onto postsynaptic receptors typically stimulates, or depolarizes, the postsynaptic cells. (org.es)
The authors hypothesized that the activation of NMDA receptors stimulates an NO/cGMP pathway, and this pathway evokes glutamate release within the spinal cord, modulating spinal nociceptive transmission. (silverchair.com)

Once released, the neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, allowing the signal to propagate. (org.es)
Neurons that receive neurotransmitter signals are called postsynaptic neurons. (msdmanuals.com)

Excitotoxicity depends on NMDA receptor activation, which requires the action of a coagonist at a glutamate-binding site and a coagonist at the glycine-binding site. (d-aminoacids.com)
His interests and those of his research groups have included exploring the mechanisms of ion permeation and selectivity in ion channels, the relationship between the molecular structure and the physiological function of channels, such as those of the inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor glycine channel and the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, and investigating the factors that determine their ion permeation, selectivity and conductance. (edu.au)

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are specifically tuned to these enantiomeric pheromones. (scienceopen.com)

Glutamate incorporated into Muller cells is rapidly broken down into glutamine, which is then exported from glial cells and incorporated into surrounding neurons (Pow and Crook, 1996). (org.es)

We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)

The non-NMDA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), when applied at doses that specifically antagonized kainate-induced responses but not NMDA-induced responses, also reduced the visual responses of each of the cell types in the LGN. (umn.edu)

The pathophysiology involves extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregates, intracellular neurofibrils, synaptotoxicity, gliosis, loss of neurons and brain atrophy. (d-aminoacids.com)
The concentration of the excitatory amino acid in the extracellular space was increased pharmacologically by blocking glutamate transporters. (hal.science)

Examples of EAARIs include dihydrokainic acid (DHK) and WAY-213,613, selective blockers of EAAT2 (GLT-1), and L-trans-2,4-PDC, a non-selective blocker of all five EAATs. (wikipedia.org)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have various physiological functions in the central nervous system by affecting on several intracellular signal transduction mechanisms through G-protein [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PSA-NCAM immunoreactivity is located mainly in layer II, where many neurogliaform and some pyramidal-semilunar transitional neurons are labeled. (nih.gov)

On one hand, this relation can be concentrated in verifying the changes induced by epileptic condition on neurotransmitter synthesis, released content and receptor activity. (scielo.br)
1998. Interaction of blood lead and *-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase genotype on markers of heme synthesis and sperm production in lead smelter workers. (cdc.gov)

The number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive neurogliaform neurons increases significantly 7 days after the administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist. (nih.gov)
The dual HCRT receptor antagonist almorexant (ALM) decreases waking and increases sleep. (sri.com)
D-Serine increases neurogenesis and survival in neurons and regulates apoptosis: apoptosis is inhibited by the neuromodulator during its early phases while it is stimulated in later phases (Esposito et al. (d-aminoacids.com)

Glutamate and glutamate receptors in the vertebrate retina. (org.es)

The neurons were multipolar and the reaction product revealed the morphology of the primary and secondary dendrites and some axons. (utmb.edu)

The psychophysics of this state clearly emphasize that the pain is evoked by the activation of low threshold mechano-receptors (Aß afferents). (asra.com)
This effect was associated with decreased activation of pathways linked to neurotrophin and glutamate receptor signaling. (researchgate.net)
Inflammatory conditions (e.g., allergy, asthma, and autoimmune diseases) have long been thought to be mainly mediated by the activation of histamine receptor 1 (H1R). (hindawi.com)
A general overview of the immune cascades triggered by histamine receptor activation is provided. (hindawi.com)
The results of this study support the hypothesis that the activation of NMDA receptors modulated pain-related behavior via an NO/cGMP/glutamate release cascade within the spinal cord. (silverchair.com)
The activation of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system initiates an influx of Ca 2+ , inducing Ca 2+ -dependent intracellular processes. (silverchair.com)
1 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent enzyme that is stimulated by the activation of NMDA receptors and synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. (silverchair.com)
Short-duration LTP (LTP 1) was associated with Ca increase in dendritic spines, due to activation of NMDA receptors and local ryanodine receptors (RyRs). (yale.edu)
Intermediate duration LTP (LTP 2) was associated with Ca increase in dendritic branches, due to activation of NMDA receptors and local IP3 receptors (IP3Rs). (yale.edu)

Anatomy42

Organisms17

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Agonist10

Pyramidal neurons2

GABA11

Glutamatergic8

Proteins1

Agonists1

Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors1

Excitatory Amino Acids2

Located on inhibitory1

Hippocampal4

Dorsal horn neurons2

Peptides1

Cortical2

NMDA and non-NMDA3

Modulation4

Hippocampus3

Modulate2

Neurotransmitters9

AMPA4

Axon3

GABAergic3

Presynaptic4

Inhibit2

Neuronal2

Aspartate10

Glutamate transporter1

Peripheral1

Mediate2

Dopamine receptors4

Neurotransmitter receptors2

Specific receptors1

Transmitters1

Rats3

Stimulates2

Postsynaptic2

Glycine2

Olfactory1

Glial cells1

Stimulation1

Kainate1

Extracellular2

Selective1

MGluRs1

Immunoreactivity1

Synthesis2

Increases3

Retina1

Dendrites1

Activation9