Neurons hormones. Medical search. Frequent questions

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons represent the final output neurons of the neural network controlling fertility and are suspected to be the primary locus of kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling. (jneurosci.org)
Using mouse models, the present study addressed whether kisspeptin and GPR54 have a key role in the activation of GnRH neurons to generate the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge responsible for ovulation. (jneurosci.org)
A strong correlation was found between the percentage of c-FOS-positive kisspeptin neurons and the percentage of c-FOS-positive GnRH neurons. (jneurosci.org)
To evaluate whether kisspeptin and/or GPR54 were essential for GnRH neuron activation and the LH surge, Gpr54 - and Kiss1 -null mice were examined. (jneurosci.org)
Whereas wild-type littermates all exhibited LH surges and c-FOS in ∼50% of their GnRH neurons, none of the mutant mice from either line showed an LH surge or any GnRH neurons with c-FOS. (jneurosci.org)
These observations provide the first evidence that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling is essential for GnRH neuron activation that initiates ovulation. (jneurosci.org)
Given the importance of the kisspeptin-GPR54-GnRH neuron axis in puberty, it has been logical to explore other potential roles of this signaling cascade in the control of reproduction. (jneurosci.org)
as well as a role in activation of the GnRH neurons to generate the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. (jneurosci.org)
have shown that injection of kisspeptin antisera into the vicinity of the GnRH neuron cell bodies prevents the LH surge in both proestrous and ovariectomized estrogen-treated (OVX+E) rats. (jneurosci.org)
Metabolic disorders are often associated with male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, suggesting that hypothalamic defects involving GnRH neurons may impair the reproductive function. (unifi.it)
To date, little is known about the direct effects of pathological high glucose concentrations on human GnRH neurons. (unifi.it)
Gene expression profiling by qRT-PCR, confirmed that FNC-B4 cells express GnRH and several genes relevant for GnRH neuron function (KISS1R, KISS1, sex steroid and leptin receptors, FGFR1, neuropilin 2, and semaphorins), along with glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4). (unifi.it)
In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a deleterious direct contribution of high glucose on human GnRH neurons, thus providing new insights into pathogenic mechanisms linking metabolic disorders to reproductive dysfunctions. (unifi.it)
Using double- and triple-label immunofluorescence coupled with confocal microscopy, we found that 75-85% of GnRH neurons were contacted by orexin fibers, and triple labeling with synaptophysin provided additional confirmation of close contacts. (elsevierpure.com)
Furthermore, about 85% of GnRH neurons were colocalized with the orexin receptor 1 (OX-R1), and the OX-R1-expressing GnRH neurons were contacted by orexin terminals, providing the basis for a functional neuroanatomical pathway. (elsevierpure.com)
An additional study investigated the coexpression of neuropeptide Y Y4-like receptors and orexin fibers in relation to GnRH neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
The present study found that, although Y4-positive orexin fibers are in present in the area of GnRH neurons, they never come in close contact with GnRH neurons. (elsevierpure.com)
Together, these data suggest that Y4 receptor modulation of LH release is likely to be indirect through orexin cell bodies and that orexin modulates GnRH neurons directly via OX-R1. (elsevierpure.com)
Moreover, the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) system may be involved in the function of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, as delayed puberty is commonly found in patients with GH deficiency (GHD) or with Laron syndrome, a genetic form of GH resistance. (unimi.it)
The comprehension of the stimuli enhancing the migration and secretory activity of GnRH neurons might shed light on the causes of delay of puberty or HH. (unimi.it)
With these premises, we aimed to better clarify the role of the AMH, GH, and IGF1 on GnRH neuron migration and GnRH secretion, by taking advantage of previously established models of immature (GN11 cell line) and mature (GT1-7 cell line) GnRH neurons. (unimi.it)
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the direct effects of GH and IGF1 in GnRH neuron migration and of GH in the GnRH secreting pattern. (unimi.it)
They experimented with human cells that produce the gonadotropin-releasing hormone [GnRH]. (ironmagazine.com)
KISS-1 is really a hormone and it boosts the release of GnRH. (ironmagazine.com)
Even if obtained in vitro, our findings support the idea of a deleterious direct contribution of hyperglycemia on human GnRH neurons, thus providing new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms linking hypogonadotropic hypogonadism to metabolic disorders", the researchers write. (ironmagazine.com)
Studies suggest that the genes associated with Kallmann syndrome are also involved in the migration of neurons that produce a hormone called gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). (medlineplus.gov)
Like olfactory neurons, GnRH-producing neurons migrate from the developing nose to the front of the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
GnRH controls the production of several hormones that direct sexual development before birth and during puberty. (medlineplus.gov)
Misplacement of GnRH-producing neurons in the brain prevents the production of other sex hormones, which interferes with normal sexual development and causes the characteristic features of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. (medlineplus.gov)
Galanin is colocalized with GnRH in neurons of the hypothalamus and basal forebrain of female rats, and this neuropeptide may play a role in the generation of the midcycle surge of gonadotropin secretion. (washington.edu)

Here, we describe a previously unknown population of parvalbuminergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamus that requires thyroid hormone receptor signaling for proper development. (jci.org)
provide evidence that thyroid hormone receptors are essential for the formation of a population of parvalbuminergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamus, linking, for the first time, impaired thyroid hormone signaling during development to cellular deficits in the hypothalamus. (jci.org)
Here we identify a hypothalamus to telencephalon neural pathway for regulating impulsivity involving communication from melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-expressing lateral hypothalamic neurons to the ventral hippocampus subregion (vHP). (nature.com)
In the present study, we aimed to reveal the excitatory synaptic regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neuron in the hypothalamus, which is the driving force in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. (herseninstituut.nl)
These hormones are normally made in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. (medlineplus.gov)
The hypothalamus has emerged as an important area of pathology with selective loss of neurons expressing the neuropeptides orexin (hypocretin), oxytocin and vasopressin in human postmortem HD tissue. (lu.se)
The pre-optic area of the hypothalamus contains heat-sensitive neurons. (medscape.com)

Thyroid hormone is a well-known regulator of metabolic and cardiovascular functions, and signaling through thyroid receptors has differential effects on cells depending on the receptor isoform that they express. (jci.org)
Dual-label immunocytochemistry experiments showed that 40-60% of kisspeptin neurons in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle (RP3V) expressed estrogen receptor α and progesterone receptors. (jneurosci.org)
First, we set out to determine whether kisspeptin neurons in mice expressed the appropriate receptors required for gonadal steroid positive feedback, and whether they were activated at the time of the LH surge, as had been found previously in the rat. (jneurosci.org)
Because of the eminent role of receptors for mediating the biological effects of steroid hormones, changes in receptor expression could alter responsiveness of the target cells and determine the physiological circumstances in which gonadal steroids become important regulators of cell function. (jneurosci.org)
The orexigenic action of ghrelin is primarily mediated by the growth hormone secretagogue receptors (GHSR) in the central nervous system. (nature.com)
Steroid hormone receptors are found in the nucleus, cytosol, and also on the plasma membrane of target cells. (wikipedia.org)
They are generally intracellular receptors (typically cytoplasmic or nuclear) and initiate signal transduction for steroid hormones which lead to changes in gene expression over a time period of hours to days. (wikipedia.org)
The best studied steroid hormone receptors are members of the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 (NR3) that include receptors for estrogen (group NR3A) and 3-ketosteroids (group NR3C). (wikipedia.org)
In addition to nuclear receptors, several G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels act as cell surface receptors for certain steroid hormones. (wikipedia.org)
NR3C4, AR) (Sex hormones: Testosterone) Intracellular steroid hormone receptors share a common structure of four units that are functionally homologous, so-called "domains": Variable domain: It begins at the N-terminal and is the most variable domain between the different receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Nuclear receptors that bind steroid hormones are all classified as type I receptors. (wikipedia.org)
After binding to the ligand (steroid hormone), steroid receptors often form dimers. (wikipedia.org)
The activated receptor interacts with the hormone response element and the transcription process is initiated as with type I receptors. (wikipedia.org)
There is some evidence that certain steroid hormone receptors can extend through lipid bilayer membranes at the surface of cells and might be able to interact with hormones that remain outside cells. (wikipedia.org)
In the study, appearing Jan. 27, 2023 in Neuron , the team found that prairie voles bred without receptors for oxytocin and showed the same monogamous mating, attachment, and parenting behaviors as regular voles. (neurosciencenews.com)
The results indicate that the biology underlying pair bonding and parenting isn't purely dictated by the receptors for oxytocin, sometimes referred to as the "love hormone. (neurosciencenews.com)
initially, a decreased rate of firing of the pre-optic heat-sensitive neurons is interpreted as a sensation of cold, and activation of specific cold receptors also ensues. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, the findings may be beneficial for treatment of the recently identified patients that have a mutation in thyroid hormone receptor α1. (jci.org)
Thyroid hormone acts through the intracellular thyroid hormone receptor (TR), which belongs to the nuclear receptor family and acts as a ligand-regulated transcription factor ( 4 , 5 ), eliciting cellular responses by binding to and regulating the expression of target genes. (jci.org)
GH activates agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons and GH receptor (GHR) ablation in AgRP cells mitigates highly characteristic hypothalamic and metabolic adaptations induced by weight loss. (nih.gov)
Depending upon the type of receptor, they are either located in the cytosol and move to the cell nucleus upon activation, or remain in the nucleus waiting for the steroid hormone to enter and activate them. (wikipedia.org)
This region of the receptor is covered up by heat shock proteins (HSPs) which bind the receptor until the hormone is present. (wikipedia.org)
Upon binding by the hormone the receptor undergoes a conformational change releasing the HSP, and the receptor together with the bound hormone enter the nucleus to act upon transcription. (wikipedia.org)
Results from additional functional connectivity and neural pathway tracing analyses implicate the nucleus accumbens as a putative downstream target of vHP MCH1 receptor-expressing neurons. (nature.com)
Summary Mammalian brain development critically depends on proper thyroid hormone signaling, via the TRα1 nuclear receptor. (ens-lyon.fr)
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with pivotal roles in reproduction. (frontiersin.org)
As cAMP signaling drives gonadotrophin hormone receptor recycling, rapid exocytic events were evaluated at single event resolution. (frontiersin.org)
Turning a decades-old dogma on its head, new research from scientists at UC San Francisco and Stanford Medicine shows that the receptor for oxytocin, a hormone considered essential to forming social bonds, may not play the critical role that scientists have assigned to it for the past 30 years. (neurosciencenews.com)
Studies in the 1990s using drugs that prevent oxytocin from binding to its receptor found that voles were unable to pair bond, giving rise to the idea that the hormone is essential to forming such attachments. (neurosciencenews.com)

This study constitutes the first observation of an increased density of PSD-93-CRH co-localized neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of patients with major depression. (herseninstituut.nl)

The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin are produced in the same area of the brain and are also very similar in structure. (unibas.ch)
Because the production of the two hormones is so close anatomically, disorders that cause vasopressin deficiency could also affect the neurons that produce oxytocin," explains Dr. Cihan Atila, endocrinologist and lead author of a study that has now been published in the journal Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology . (unibas.ch)
It produces 2 hormones: vasopressin, which causes blood pressure to rise and regulates the amount of water in the body's cells, and oxytocin, which causes the uterus to contract during childbirth and lactation to begin. (medscape.com)
Arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) results from a deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) due to a hypothalamic-pituitary disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
Only about 10% of neurosecretory neurons must remain intact to avoid arginine vasopressin deficiency. (msdmanuals.com)

In the medial preoptic area and the diagonal band of Broca, a subset of LHRH neurons coexpresses galanin at 4- to 5-fold higher rate in female than male rats, suggesting that estradiol (E2) plays a key role in galanin gene expression within LHRH neurons. (unipr.it)
Our observations on the presence of colocalizing pericarya in intact and E2-treated aged animals provide further evidence for the key role of E2 in galanin gene expression within LHRH neurons and emphasize that some ovarian factor(s) may blunt this effect. (unipr.it)

Recent evidence, however, suggests that the hormone also regulates these systems indirectly through the central nervous system. (jci.org)
It has been a long-standing challenge to decipher the mechanisms by which thyroid hormone regulates such a wide range of cellular processes in so many different tissues. (jci.org)
The main characteristic feature associated with PD is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and these neurons are the principal source of dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter that regulates motor behavior [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

This test stimulates oxytocin secretion, i.e. the release of the hormone in the body. (unibas.ch)
Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion causes water retention and greater sweating. (medscape.com)

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is linked with cellular inclusions in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of the brain that are enriched in the misfolded presynaptic protein α -synuclein ( α S) and death of the dopaminergic neurons. (hindawi.com)
The major constituent of LBs is aggregated α -synuclein ( α S), an intrinsically unfolded protein predominantly localized in the presynaptic regions of dopaminergic neurons. (hindawi.com)
Professor Eyles has followed the mechanisms that might relate to abnormal dopamine release and discovered that maternal vitamin D deficiency affects the early development and later differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
The team at the Queensland Brain Institute developed dopamine-like cells to replicate the process of differentiation into early dopaminergic neurons that usually takes place during embryonic development. (sciencedaily.com)
This is conclusive evidence that vitamin D affects the structural differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
Number of dopaminergic neurons will decrease in GenX and ADONA exposures. (cdc.gov)

Neuroscientists have shown how vitamin D deficiency affects developing neurons in the brain's dopamine circuit, which may lead to the dopamine dysfunction seen in adults with schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
They showed that dopamine release was enhanced in cells grown in the presence of the hormone compared to a control. (sciencedaily.com)
The team is now exploring whether other environmental risk factors for schizophrenia such as maternal hypoxia or infection similarly alter the trajectory of dopamine neuron differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
Eyles and his team believe such early alterations to dopamine neuron differentiation and function may be the neurodevelopmental origin of dopamine dysfunction later in adults who develop schizophrenia. (sciencedaily.com)
July 7, 2020 Researchers have found that dopamine neurons in the brain can represent the decision-making process when making economic choices. (sciencedaily.com)

These hormones in turn are responsible for testosterone production in the testes in men and the production of testosterone, progesterone and estradiol in the ovaries in women. (ironmagazine.com)

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. (bvsalud.org)

Endocrine system is a series of organs and glands in your body that secret chemical messengers called hormones in to your blood stream. (proprofs.com)
Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands are called hormones. (proprofs.com)
Unlike exocrine glands that release their secretions through ducts, endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream for widespread distribution. (proprofs.com)
Neurons are nerve cells that transmit electrical signals, not chemical messengers released by endocrine glands. (proprofs.com)
The endocrine system-the other communication system in the body-is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide processes such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. (medscape.com)
The anterior pituitary, often called the "master gland," responds to chemical messages from the bloodstream to produce numerous hormones that trigger the action of other endocrine glands. (medscape.com)
The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood stream to reach and act on target cells of specific organs. (medscape.com)

The orexins are produced in neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area and implicated in the regulation of both feeding and reproductive function. (elsevierpure.com)

This disorder is a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which is a condition resulting from a lack of production of certain hormones that direct sexual development. (medlineplus.gov)

Here we show that central growth hormone (GH) signaling also promotes neuroendocrine adaptations during food deprivation. (nih.gov)

In neurons, ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories, are localized near 85% of synapses, supplying synaptic neighborhoods with nascent proteins. (mpg.de)
Thus, unlike in other (round) cells, the distribution of goods (proteins) poses a particular "logistic challenge" to neurons. (mpg.de)
The brain and its long spidery neurons are essentially made of fat, but they communicate with each other via proteins. (psychologytoday.com)
The hormones and enzymes that cause chemical changes and control all body processes are also made of proteins. (psychologytoday.com)

Although galanin was absent from LHRH neurons of aged rats, their LHRH content was not altered. (unipr.it)
To determine whether P can alter the activation of LHRH neurons, 1) intact female rats were treated with the P antagonist RU486 (5 mg) at 1230 h on proestrus and killed at specified times during the afternoon and evening for comparison of plasma LH levels and cFos expression in LHRH neurons with untreated proestrous rats. (tmu.edu.tw)
Treatment with EB without P resulted in significantly lower peak LH levels and a reduced cFos response in LHRH neurons than the EB-P treated rats. (tmu.edu.tw)

Expression of FOS-IR in MNCs with attenuated ER-β-IR, and the absence of FOS-IR in parvocellular neurons that retain ER-β-IR suggest a role for neuronal activation in the regulation of ER-β expression in MNCs. (jneurosci.org)
The hormone, which is well known for regulating appetite, appears to influence neuronal development-a finding that could shed light on disorders such as autism that involve dysfunctional synapse formation. (the-scientist.com)
Instead of using just one central source (the cell body) which would be quite inefficient given the large neuronal volume, neurons have adapted a local solution. (mpg.de)
Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells. (bvsalud.org)
We show that neuronal populations expressing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) display a dose-dependent sensitivity to QA. (lu.se)

Higher levels of the stomach-derived hormone ghrelin, which stimulates appetite, predict a greater preference for smaller immediate monetary rewards over larger delayed financial rewards, a new study finds. (scitechdaily.com)
This hormone then stimulates the release of two other hormones in the pituitary: LH and FSH. (ironmagazine.com)
Meanwhile, the autonomic nervous system stimulates the suprarenal medulla to secrete hormones such as epinephrine into the bloodstream. (medscape.com)

In order to investigate these mechanisms, we used mouse genetics to induce the expression of a dominant-negative mutation of TRα1 specifically in GABAergic neurons, the main inhibitory neurons in the brain. (ens-lyon.fr)
This triggered post-natal epileptic seizures and a profound impairment of GABAergic neuron maturation in several brain regions. (ens-lyon.fr)
Analysis of the transcriptome and TRα1 cistrome in the striatum allowed us to identify a small set of genes, the transcription of which is upregulated by TRα1 in GABAergic neurons and which probably plays an important role during post-natal maturation of the brain. (ens-lyon.fr)
Thus, our results point to GABAergic neurons as direct targets of thyroid hormone during brain development and suggest that many defects seen in hypothyroid brains may be secondary to GABAergic neuron malfunction. (ens-lyon.fr)
Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Max Planck Florida Institute and Goethe University Frankfurt now pictured a tight spatial relationship between the protein production machinery and product in neurons at unprecedented resolution. (mpg.de)
To send signals throughout the brain, neurons typically communicate using chemicals called neurotransmitters, which move from one cell to an adjacent one. (scripps.edu)
Hormones also circulate through the brain, affecting the growth of brain cells and helping forge new connections between neurons. (scripps.edu)
Brain cells (shown in red) activated by the "social hormone" oxytocin prompt differences in how male and female mice behave. (nih.gov)
Individual differences in how you behave or feel can be caused by a variety of factors, including how your brain is wired or the hormones in your body. (nih.gov)
To investigate possible sex-related differences of these neurons, the researchers genetically inserted a light-activated sensor into the brain cells of both male and female mice. (nih.gov)
Dr Ladyman's area of expertise is hormone-induced adaptations of the maternal brain. (otago.ac.nz)
The second area involves the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the development of brain insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction, with special focus on the enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase. (lu.se)
To elucidate the role of brain hormone-sensitive lipase in the development of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. (lu.se)
Assessment of brain metabolite correlates of adeno-associated virus-mediated over-expression of human alpha-synuclein in cortical neurons by in vivo (1) H-MR spectroscopy at 9.4 T. (lu.se)
Impaired brain metabolism and neurocognitive function in childhood leukemia survivors despite complete hormone supplementation in adulthood. (lu.se)

Leptin is a hormone released by fat cells. (ironmagazine.com)

The pituitary gland produces the largest number of different hormones and, therefore, has the widest range of effects on the body's functions. (medscape.com)
For example, in response to a stressful situation, the pituitary gland may release beta endorphin and ACTH, which, in turn, prompt the suprarenal cortex to release hormones. (medscape.com)

Further understanding of mechanisms rendering neurons sensitive to mutant huntingtin may reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions. (lu.se)

Thyroid hormone is well known for its profound direct effects on cardiovascular function and metabolism. (jci.org)
Which of the following hormones control cellular metabolism? (proprofs.com)
Thyroxin and calcitonin are the hormones that control cellular metabolism. (proprofs.com)
While insulin and epinephrine are important hormones involved in various physiological processes, they do not directly control cellular metabolism. (proprofs.com)
The thyroid gland secretes thyroxin, a hormone that can reduce concentration and lead to irritability when the thyroid is overactive and cause drowsiness and a sluggish metabolism when the thyroid is underactive. (medscape.com)

Neurons constantly process information from thousands of synapses. (mpg.de)
To study the dynamics of local protein distribution across neighboring synapses during spontaneous neural activity, the scientists stimulated neurons both globally and locally with high spatial precision. (mpg.de)
Interestingly, however, while the global protein distribution across the neuron was homogenous, neighboring synapses often have very heterogenous levels of protein supply. (mpg.de)

But with Alzheimer's disease it's a toxic form of the protein that is transported between neurons. (scripps.edu)
Efforts have therefore, designed a study to compare the expression of green ¯uor- been made to develop systems based on different drugs or hormones escent protein (GFP) and GDNF under the control of the hGFAP including tetracycline, rapamycine and progestrone (Clackson, 2000). (lu.se)

The transcription factor can also drive the opposite transition depending on which hormone activates it, according to a new study. (the-scientist.com)

1987. The influence of skeletal muscle on the electrical excitability of dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture. (cdc.gov)

2.1-kb hGFAP promoter or a 1.5-kb rat neuron-speci®c enolase (rNSE) promoter (control vector) has been described elsewhere (Jakobsson et al. (lu.se)

For cell counting, we took advantage of the typical fusiform morphology of galanin-immunoreactive neurons that colocalize LHRH. (unipr.it)
RU486 treatment greatly reduced both the magnitude of the LH surge and the degree of cFos induction (numbers of cells expressing cFos and intensity of cFos staining) in LHRH neurons during proestrus. (tmu.edu.tw)
These data suggest that the actions of P eventuate in an enhanced activation of LHRH neurons that may be responsible for the increased magnitude of the LH surge. (tmu.edu.tw)

Using an ovariectomized, gonadal steroid-replacement regimen, which reliably generates an LH surge, ∼30% of RP3V kisspeptin neurons were found to express c-FOS in surging mice compared with 0% in nonsurging controls. (jneurosci.org)
PSD-93 overexpression in CRH neurons in the PVN induced depression-like behaviors in mice, accompanied by increased serum corticosterone level. (herseninstituut.nl)
A hormone naturally induced by alcohol consumption accelerates the recovery of mice after binge drinking by activating neurons involved in arousal and alertness. (the-scientist.com)
Researchers found that neurons activated by the "social hormone" oxytocin lessen anxiety in male mice, but not females. (nih.gov)
Effect of pregnancy on the expression of nutrient-sensors and satiety hormones in mice. (otago.ac.nz)

The underlying mechanisms of selective vulnerability of certain neurons in HD are not fully understood, but excitotoxicity has been proposed to play a role. (lu.se)
36 with the thyroid hormone system: Mechanisms and possible consequences for animal and human health. (cdc.gov)

p53 in AgRP neurons is required for protection against diet-induced obesity via JNK1. (uib.no)

Increased CNS stimulation w/ thyroid hormones. (mims.com)

The University of Texas Southwestern professor's research focused on the androgen hormones that cause male sexual differentiation and may also lead to prostate disease. (the-scientist.com)

The binding of triiodothyronine (T3), the biologically active form of thyroid hormone, induces a conformational change in the TR that leads to a dynamic exchange of associated transcriptional corepressor and coactivator complexes. (jci.org)

How does the same hormone stimulate the differentiation of an embryonic neuroblast but trigger an entirely different response in an adult liver cell? (jci.org)

Moreover, the neurons exhibited intrinsic temperature sensitivity in patch-clamping experiments, providing a new connection between cardiovascular function and core temperature. (jci.org)

An extensive system of neuropeptide Y (NPY) containing neurons has recently been identified in the central and peripheral nervous system. (nih.gov)

The osmotically induced decrease in ER-β expression was selective for MNCs because ER-β-IR remained unaltered in PVN parvocellular neurons. (jneurosci.org)

Although some of their specific functions are unclear, these genes appear to be involved in the formation and movement (migration) of a group of nerve cells that are specialized to process the sense of smell (olfactory neurons). (medlineplus.gov)

Electrophysiological data showed that PSD-93 overexpression increased CRH neurons synaptic activity, while PSD-93 knockdown decreased CRH neurons synaptic activity. (herseninstituut.nl)
Together, these results show that PSD-93 is involved in the pathogenesis of depression via increasing the synaptic activity of CRH neurons in the PVN, leading to the hyperactivity of the HPA axis that underlies depression-like behaviors. (herseninstituut.nl)

Anatomy78

Organisms16

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes34

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

GnRH30

Hypothalamus7

Receptors17

Receptor12

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus1

Vasopressin5

Galanin gene expression2

Regulates3

Secretion2

Dopaminergic neurons6

Dopamine5

Testosterone1

Peptides1

Endocrine7

Lateral hypo1

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism1

Growth Hormone1

Proteins4

Rats3

Neuronal5

Stimulates3

Brain15

Leptin1

Pituitary2

Mutant huntingtin1

Metabolism5

Synapses3

Protein2

Activates1

Dorsal1

Enolase1

LHRH3

Mice5

Mechanisms2

AgRP1

Thyroid hormones1

Androgen1

Conformational change1

Differentiation1

Sensitivity1

Peripheral1

Expression1

Nerve1

Synaptic2