Neuronal receptors cell surface. Medical search. Frequent questions

The best-studied latrotoxin is alpha-latrotoxin, which acts presynaptically to release neurotransmitters (including acetylcholine) from sensory and motor neurons, as well as on endocrine cells (to release insulin, for example). (wikipedia.org)
We have developed antibodies that recognize all AMPA or all NMDA receptor variants on the surface of living neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Using these antibodies, in conjunction with GluR2-specific and synaptophysin antibodies, we have directly localized and quantified surface-expressed native AMPA and NMDA receptors on cultured living hippocampal neurons during development. (jneurosci.org)
Immunocytochemical analysis of hippocampal neurons between 3 and 20 d in vitro shows no change in the proportion of synapses expressing NMDA receptors (∼60%) but a dramatic increase (∼50%) in the proportion of them that also express AMPA receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Antibodies that recognize extracellular epitopes and can thus label iGluRs on living neurons are important tools for the study of receptor localization and dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, motor neurons in the brain expand and contract depending on how often they are exercised - a neuronal reflection of "use it or lose it. (scitechdaily.com)
Researchers using a technique called two-photon microscopy can observe this process in living cells by following the formation and regression of spines on the neurons. (scitechdaily.com)
Brain function depends on the active communication between nerve cells, known as neurons. (technologynetworks.com)
These proteins are present, along with AMPA receptors, in the 'granule' cells, which are neurons that receive signals from areas outside of the hippocampus. (technologynetworks.com)
We have tested the influence of sensory cues, social context, and sex hormones on progesterone receptor (PR)-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) that are critical for male territorial aggression. (stanford.edu)
On the other hand, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has the strongest trophic effect on dopaminergic neurons (10). (sld.cu)
A circular pattern belongs to cell surface and cytoplasm of neurons as shown by double labeling with a neuronal maker such as new n. (hstalks.com)
In a lean mouse, there are more neurons expressing leptin receptor in this region, in an age and sex matched AVY mouse with adult onset obesity resulting from genetic changes. (hstalks.com)
A map is a sheet of neurons in the brain where the points on the sheet are systematically related to the corresponding points on a sheet of receptor cells, such as the surface of the skin or the retina of the eye. (nybooks.com)
that is, the brain does not develop by alterations in a fixed set of neurons, but by selection processes that eliminate some neuronal groups and strengthen others. (nybooks.com)
The presence of neurotransmitter receptors in microglia illustrates their functional connection to neurons and this receptor activation could cause microglial cells to perform different activation phenotypes ( Pocock and Kettenmann, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the January 18 issue, Small, Beth Stevens at Boston Children's Hospital, and colleagues reported that knocking out a different retromer protein, VPS35, in hippocampal neurons in mice not only jammed neuronal endosome traffic but also caused microglia to assume shapes resembling those seen in AD. (alzforum.org)
To see which brain cells carried which VPS26, Simoes cultured primary mouse neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells separately. (alzforum.org)
To the authors, this suggested that VPS26b is essential for endosome recycling, especially during synaptic signaling, and that neurons carry this secondary retromer core to handle the high receptor recycling load. (alzforum.org)
In neurons, the retromers containing VPS26a (blue) mainly facilitate trafficking to the trans-Golgi network, while those containing VPS26b (orange) recycle receptors, such as GluA1, back to the cell surface. (alzforum.org)
Ethanol binds to postsynaptic GABAA receptors (inhibitory neurons). (medscape.com)
Long before Samuel Morse put his telegraphic code to work, neurons and other cells were processing extracellular dash- and dot-type signals into instructions for cellular decisions. (reasons.org)
whereas when wired for a sustained signal, cells hit with EGF transformed into neurons. (reasons.org)
In neuronal cells, mainly on synaptic terminals, stimulation of the M2 autoreceptors is responsible for presynaptic muscarinic autoinhibition of acetylcholine release in both central and peripheral cholinergic neurons. (multispaninc.com)
Nerve cells (neurons) in the brain communicate with one another at connections called synapses, which are located in small protrusions on the neuronal surface called dendritic spines. (ukri.org)
In order to retain long-term memories, neurons need to synthesize additional protein components that are important for maintaining the changes in spine structure, or the changes in receptor number at the synapse. (ukri.org)
Using these cells we will be able to understand more about the mechanisms that regulate the local control of protein synthesis in neurons in response to synaptic activity, and hence further our knowledge of the mechanisms that underlie long-term memory. (ukri.org)
Extracellular ATP has been reported to mediate excitation of sensory neurons via P2X receptors, which are ligand-gated ion channels. (jneurosci.org)
METHODS: Using immunoprecipitation from neuronal cultures and tandem mass spectrometry, we identified antibodies against the α1 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) in a patient whose immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies bound to hippocampal neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
Incubation of primary hippocampal neurons with GABAAR IgG1 sera reduced surface GABAAR membrane expression. (ox.ac.uk)
For the investigation of the biocompatibility and functionality of the layer systems two types of neurons will be used, namely pacemaker neurons of the cockroach Rhypharobia maderae and olfactory receptor neurons from the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta which serve as models for the investigation of the spontaneous electrical activity and the directional growth of developing neuronal networks, respectively, both aiming at long-term studies, not achieved till now with other materials. (uni-kassel.de)
Progressive neuronal and motor dysfunction in mice overexpressing the serine protease inhibitor protease nexin-1 in postmitotic neurons. (ox.ac.uk)
Importantly, GM1-OS significantly increased neuronal survival and preserved neurite networks of dopaminergic neurons affected by α-synuclein oligomers, together with a reduction of microglia activation. (bvsalud.org)
Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable, adult-onset, autosomal dominant inherited disorder associated with cell loss within a specific subset of neurons in the basal ganglia and cortex. (medscape.com)
The selective neuronal dysfunction and subsequent loss of neurons in the striatum, cerebral cortex, and other parts of the brain can explain the clinical picture seen in cases of HD. (medscape.com)

Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
There are specific receptor proteins like integrin on the external surface of focal attachments. (omicsonline.org)
And the internal surface has actin filaments such as talin, paxillin, vinculin, tensin and proteins that provide interactions between membrane receptor proteins [ 1 - 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
It was already known that these proteins form protein complexes with AMPA receptors. (technologynetworks.com)
The researchers discovered, among other things, that both proteins promote the transportation of glutamate receptors to the cell surface. (technologynetworks.com)
A nanoscale modular design strategy was employed to synthesize six engineered, recombinant proteins intended to mimic aspects of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and elastin as well as the cell-cell adhesive protein neural cell adhesion molecule. (frontiersin.org)
Physical adsorption isotherms were experimentally determined for these engineered proteins, allowing for direct calculation of the available ligand density present on coated surfaces. (frontiersin.org)
In the adult brain, the lack of these proteins can induce apoptotic neuronal death (7, 8). (sld.cu)
Receptor proteins on the cell surface comprise the first layer in signal-relays that control whether a cell grows, divides, specializes, or dies. (reasons.org)
OBJECTIVE: To search for antibodies against neuronal cell surface proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
As GPCRs represent the largest family of cell surface proteins, and control a vast repertoire of physiological functions, these receptors are the actual target of 30-50% of all prescribed drugs. (qub.ac.uk)
We are currently developing these pipette-based techniques with the aim to use them to obtain fundamental knowledge about real biological problems such as how proteins interact and organize on the surface of cells and how different molecules interact locally with the cell membrane 6 . (lu.se)

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are the principal excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
The inhibitory ionotropic GlyR is one of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and therefore involved in maintaining homeostasis of neuronal excitation levels at brain stem and spinal cord. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The latter facilitate neurotransmission by transporting internalized neurotransmitter receptors back to the synapse surface. (alzforum.org)

AMPA receptor variants were identified with a polyclonal antibody recognizing the conserved extracellular loop region of all four AMPA receptor subunits (GluR1-4, both flip and flop ), whereas NMDA receptors were immunolabeled with a polyclonal antibody that binds to an extracellular N-terminal epitope of the NR1 subunit, common to all splice variants. (jneurosci.org)
As apoE2 binds defectively to LDL receptors, apoE2 homozygosity can precipitate type III hyperlipoproteinemia, however, only occurs when another condition, including: diabetes, oestrogen deficiency, hypothyroidism, or obesity, leads to the overproduction of VLDL or fewer LDL receptors, overwhelming the limited ability of apoE2 to mediate the clearance of triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich β-VLDL. (randox.com)
APOE binds to cell-surface receptors to deliver lipids and to the hydrophobic amyloid-β peptide, regulating amyloid-β aggregations and clearances in the brain. (dovepress.com)
When a receptor binds to its target molecule, it initiates an internal cascade of protein messengers that directs the cell to activate a genetic program. (reasons.org)
For example, when a growth factor like the epidermal growth factor (EGF) binds to a growth receptor, the signal induces the cell to grow and divide via the genetic growth program. (reasons.org)
While there he explored the signaling pathways that become activated when acetylcholine binds to its receptor which gave him a solid background in molecular biology. (the-scientist.com)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are membranous particles released by cells into the extracellular space. (mdpi.com)
Scholars@Duke publication: Synaptic clustering of AMPA receptors by the extracellular immediate-early gene product Narp. (duke.edu)
These studies support a model in which Narp functions as an extracellular aggregating factor for AMPA receptors. (duke.edu)
In fact, nearly every type of cell utilizes extracellular instructions. (reasons.org)
If instead a neuronal growth factor (NGF) is added to the extracellular environment, a cell differentiates (transforms) into a neuron. (reasons.org)
It is now well established that a key requirement for invasion and metastasis of cancer cells is the degradation of both the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the tumor and the basement membrane which presents the final barrier between the tumor cells and the blood stream [ 1 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Here these mice are used to examine the impact of an extracellular proteolytic imbalance on long-term neuronal function. (ox.ac.uk)

AMPA and NMDA receptors mediate most excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
Using a quantitative cell ELISA, a dramatic increase was observed in the surface expression of AMPA receptors, but not NMDA receptors, between 3 and 10 d in culture. (jneurosci.org)
AMPA receptors are composed of four subunits, GluR1-4. (jneurosci.org)
One possible mechanism to explain this observation is that a pool of pre-assembled AMPA receptors can be moved from an intracellular compartment to the postsynaptic membrane. (jneurosci.org)
Using subunit-specific antibodies, however, it is not possible to distinguish between the absence of AMPA receptors and the lack of a particular subunit on the cell surface. (jneurosci.org)
In the current study, a team led by Dr Jakob von Engelhardt focused on the AMPA receptors. (technologynetworks.com)
We looked at AMPA receptors in an area of the brain, which constitutes the main entrance to the hippocampus,' explains von Engelhardt, who works for the DZNE and DKFZ. (technologynetworks.com)
The von Engelhardt group found that in this regard the auxiliary molecules have different effects: TARP Gamma-8 is essential to ensure that more AMPA receptors are integrated into the synapse following a plasticity induction protocol, whereas CKAMP44 plays no role in this context. (technologynetworks.com)
In transfected HEK 293T cells, Narp interacts with itself, forming large surface clusters that coaggregate AMPA receptor subunits. (duke.edu)
Moreover, Narp-expressing HEK 293T cells can induce the aggregation of neuronal AMPA receptors. (duke.edu)

α-LTX in its tetrameric form interacts with receptors (neurexins and latrophilins) on the neuronal membrane, which causes insertion of α-LTX into the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Once the tetramer is inserted into the cell membrane, two mechanisms of action can occur. (wikipedia.org)
Focal attachments have 10-15 nm distance between the cell membrane and the material surface and they are tight connections. (omicsonline.org)
Serotonin can't get through the cell membrane , which is why people don't hallucinate when taking antidepressants like Prozac or Zoloft. (psypost.org)
Gangliosides1 are acidic glycosphingolipids that form lipid rafts in the outer leaflet of the cell plasma membrane, especially in neuronal cells in the central nervous system.2 They participate in cellular proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, signal transduction, cell-to-cell interactions, tumorigenesis, and metastasis.3 The accumulation of gangliosides has been linked to several diseases including Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease. (matreya.com)
Degradation of the ECM facilitates invasion of tumor cells into the organ parenchyma, whereas degradation of the basement membrane is required for their entry into the blood stream as well as their metastasis to distant organs. (oncotarget.com)
Our preliminary results suggest that PICK1 anchors Argonaute2 to membrane-bound structures inside the neuron called endosomes, which are involved in trafficking important receptors to the synapse during synaptic plasticity. (ukri.org)
6], The pores formed by α-LTX in the membrane are permeable to Ca2+ and therefore allow an influx of Ca2+ into the cell. (lessonindiplomacy.com)
7] So because of the channel and the insertion in the cell membrane the protein makes the cell more permeable to substances that can pass through the channel. (lessonindiplomacy.com)

In this study, it was observed that the ion implantation stimulated the neural proliferation and the implantation of different ions on cell culture surfaces was essential to determine the effects of this technique on adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis properties of cells in details. (omicsonline.org)
Immunopathologic examination during infection showed cleavage of caspase 3 in brain cells adjacent to CD8+ cells and widespread p53 expression, hallmarks of apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
When either the sphere-forming system or the adherent system is used, some of the cancer cells can be propagated but other cells are lost because of cell death/apoptosis or differentiation. (nature.com)
Promotes neuronal apoptosis by mediating endocytosis of the proapoptotic precursor forms of BDNF (proBDNF) and NGFB (proNGFB). (abcam.com)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemic Stem Cell environmental stress responses (In vitro biomimicry of hypoxia, normoxia, hypothermia, hyperthermia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia): Effect on cellular growth, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and cellular metabolism. (imperial.ac.uk)

Psychedelics such as DMT, the active chemical in the plant-based psychedelic ayahuasca , stimulate a receptor cell type , called 5-HT2A. (scitechdaily.com)
Neurotrophic factors promote neuronal survival and stimulate axonal growth (6). (sld.cu)
Black widow spiders (Latrodectus) contain latrotoxins that stimulate neuronal calcium channels to result in excessive exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, leading to serious neuromuscular, neurosecretory, and cardiovascular effects. (lessonindiplomacy.com)
We are, for this purpose, developing different methods using nm- to µm-sized pipettes to locally manipulate and stimulate molecules on the surface of cells (see Fig. 1). (lu.se)
2 We have also delivered molecules from nm-sized pipettes to the surface of neuronal cells to locally stimulate and study heat- and pain-sensitive receptors, 3 and delivered small molecular drugs to study receptors on heart cells 4,5 . (lu.se)

Neuronal spines are the little bumps along the spreading branches of a neuron. (scitechdaily.com)
This triggers an electrical impulse in the receptor-bearing cell and thus the nerve signal has moved on one neuron further. (technologynetworks.com)
These 5-HT2A receptors that DMT activates are not only on the neuron cell surface but also inside the neuron. (psypost.org)
The unit which gets selected is not the individual neuron, but neuronal groups of hundreds to millions of cells. (nybooks.com)
A chemical (neurotransmitter) is released from a neuron and travels across the synapse to activate receptors in the adjacent neuron. (ukri.org)
Synapses can change their strength (known as 'synaptic plasticity') by altering the number of receptors found on the surface of the neuron in the synapse, and also by changing the size and shape of the dendritic spine that houses the synapse. (ukri.org)

Pore formation can occur in pure lipid membranes, but reconstituted receptors greatly increase pore formation. (wikipedia.org)
ApoE has three major isoforms (apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4) all of which have different effects on lipid and neuronal homeostasis (fig 1). (randox.com)
The key function of apoE is to mediate the binding of lipoproteins or lipid complexes in the plasma or interstitial fluids to specific cell-surface receptors. (randox.com)
Several APOE isoforms with major structural differences were discovered and shown to influence the brain lipid transport, glucose metabolism, neuronal signaling, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function. (dovepress.com)

α-LTX precursor molecules are synthesized by free ribosomes in the cytosol and are therefore cytosolic in the secretory epithelial cells of the venom glands. (wikipedia.org)
Psychoactive molecules primarily change brain function through the receptors on the neural cells. (scitechdaily.com)
These molecules, which have similar counterparts in humans, affect the connections between nerve cells and influence the transmission of nerve signals into the hippocampus, an area of the brain that plays a significant role in learning processes and the creation of memories. (technologynetworks.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Neuropilins are 140-kDa vertebrate cell surface receptors that bind neuronal guidance molecules during neural development and axonal outgrowth, and modulate VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Many of the most important interactions in the human body take place between molecules on the surface of cells. (lu.se)
Combined with advanced fluorescence microscopy (single molecule, FRAP, TIRF) makes this a powerful method to study the properties and function of different molecules in cell membranes. (lu.se)

The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)
Knocking it out in mice slowed glutamate receptor recycling and weakened synaptic transmission, but only in the transentorhinal cortex, hinting at why this region is so vulnerable to AD pathology in people. (alzforum.org)
Indeed, LTP weakened and glutamate receptor GluA1 expression was lower in TEC brain slices, while both were normal in the medial entorhinal cortex. (alzforum.org)

Cerebrospinal fluid analyses over time demonstrated increasing protein concentrations and cell counts, paralleled by pathologic lactate elevations in all patients. (cdc.gov)
Required for protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the lysosomes by a pathway that is independent of the mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6PR). (abcam.com)
In this work, we present a novel approach to fabricate such coatings, which specifically involves the use of surface-adsorbed, nanoscale-designed protein polymers to prepare reproducible, customized surfaces. (frontiersin.org)
As confirmation that ligand density in these engineered systems impacts neuronal cell behavior, we demonstrate that increasing the density of fibronectin-derived RGD ligands on coated surfaces while maintaining uniform protein surface coverage results in enhanced neurite extension of PC-12 cells. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, this engineered protein adsorption approach allows for the facile preparation of tunable, quantifiable, and reproducible surfaces for in vitro studies of cell-ligand interactions and for potential application as coatings on neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
However, agonist-dependent activation of cell surface receptors is sometimes required to promote interaction with a PDZ protein. (embl.de)
In two recent Cell Reports papers, scientists led by Scott Small, Columbia University, New York, detail new insights into the function of the retromer, an endosome protein complex linked to Alzheimer's disease. (alzforum.org)
When they hit (bio-slang for "dosed") rat brain cells with EGF, the ERK protein spiked in activation and then dropped back to pre-stimulated levels within fifteen minutes (equivalent to a dot in Morse code), causing the cells to grow and divide. (reasons.org)
The muscarinic M2 receptor is a 466-amino acid, 7-transmembrane protein. (multispaninc.com)
Cancer cells that have acquired an invasive phenotype release proteases that attack and digest the protein component of the matrix that would restrict the movement of these malignant cells. (oncotarget.com)
We have found that a protein (called PICK1), which is known to be involved in synaptic plasticity over the timescale of hours, interacts with another protein (called Argonaute2), which is an important component of the cell machinery that promotes the association of miRNA with mRNA to block protein synthesis. (ukri.org)
Three receptors for α-latrotoxin have been described: The toxin stimulates a receptor, most likely latrophilin, which is a G-protein coupled receptor linked to Gαq/11. (lessonindiplomacy.com)
Her fields of interest include: G protein-coupled receptor signalling, biased signalling and selectivity, compartmentalised G protein signalling, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based technology. (qub.ac.uk)
Then, she quickly developed a marked interest for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signalling. (qub.ac.uk)
Then, Dr Plouffe completed a PhD in Neuroscience at University of Ottawa (ON, Canada) (2006-2011), where she identified the molecular mechanisms involved in the opposite regulation of dopamine D1 and D5 receptors by protein kinase C. Her work shed light on the mechanisms underlying the positive action of prefrontal cortex on motor activity and of the thalamic parafascicular nucleus on awareness. (qub.ac.uk)
This promotes G protein uncoupling from receptor, GPCR internalisation and signalling arrest. (qub.ac.uk)
Two sets of primers were used for DNA amplification targeting the specific sequence of a 529 bp repeat element and another set of primers was utilised for the surface antigen protein-1 gene. (chemnews-japan.com)
It has long been speculated that the adaptor protein Disabled (Dab), which is a key regulator of neuronal migration in the vertebrate brain, might be a component of this signaling pathway, but this idea has been controversial. (biologists.com)
specifically enhance the antiproliferative effect of recombinant MAP30 (a type I ribosome inactivating protein, RIP) in breast cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)

Adapting the Cre/loxP system that phage use to insert their genes into bacterial chromosomes, Tsien was able to shut down the activity of the NMDA receptor in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, an area critical for learning and memory. (the-scientist.com)
The study, which involved ramping up the numbers of functional NMDA receptors in the hippocampus, "was the logical thing to do, and he did it," says Richard Thompson of the University of Southern California. (the-scientist.com)
Animals that received TBI using the stainless-steel projectile exhibited outcomes strongly correlated to moderate-severe TBI, such as prolonged unconsciousness, impaired neurobehavior, increased risk for hematoma and death, as well as significant neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation throughout the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and cerebellum. (cdc.gov)

This work contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation required for brain development. (qub.ac.uk)

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting and cDNA-microarray analyses revealed that each subclone was composed of distinct populations of cells. (nature.com)
Notable advances include novel insights into the sensory control of social interactions and the identification of molecularly-specified neuronal populations in the brain that control mating, aggression, and parental behaviors. (stanford.edu)
Protease nexin-1 (PN-1), a secreted serine protease inhibitor, is constitutively expressed in distinct neuronal cell populations of the adult CNS. (ox.ac.uk)

The adhesions between cultured cells and the material surface are called focal attachments or adhesion plaques. (omicsonline.org)
The Abelson non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Abl) family has been implicated in a broad range of biological processes, such as oncogenesis, cell growth, adhesion, migration, neurite extension and growth cone motility (for a review, see Pendergast, 2002 ). (biologists.com)

Cell Reports, 2021. (alzforum.org)

Burnstock (1999) recently put forward a hypothesis about purinergic mechanosensory transduction that proposed that in hollow organs, including the ureter and bladder, distension causes release of ATP from epithelial cells lining these organs and that ATP can then activate P2X 3 receptors on subepithelial sensory nerve terminals to evoke neural discharge. (jneurosci.org)

Using this surface modification method, it was aimed to improve surface characteristics and achieve a bioactive surface for neural stem cells. (omicsonline.org)

GM1 stimulates neuronal sprouting and enhances the action of nerve growth factor (NGF) by directly and tightly associating with Trk, the high-affinity tyrosine kinase-type receptor for NGF. (matreya.com)

She also worked on the ghrelin receptor, involved in energy homeostasis and food intake, in collaboration with Prof Birgitte Holst (University of Copenhagen). (qub.ac.uk)
Perturbation of the homeostasis between proteases and their inhibitors has been associated with lesion-induced or degenerative neuronal changes. (ox.ac.uk)

Regardless of the nomenclatures used, the CSCs (as the cells are commonly termed) that are isolated directly from patients' tumors are considered to serve as valuable tools that can enhance our understanding of tumorigenesis, therapeutic resistances and the functional heterogeneity of cancers in vitro and in vivo 5 . (nature.com)
It was hypothesized that imbalance of motoneuronal inhibition by functional impairment of GlyR and receptor internalization are direct consequences of antibody-antigen interference. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Here, serum samples of four patients were tested for anti-GlyR autoantibodies and were used for the analysis of the functional impact on the electrophysiological properties of recombinant GlyRs, transiently expressed in HEK293 cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
This research proposal aims at the preparation of platforms based on ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films for the long-term growth of functional neuronal networks and their electrophysiological investigations. (uni-kassel.de)

NMDA receptors comprise the essential NR1 subunit and one or more of the modulatory NR2 subunits, NR2A-D ( Hollmann and Heinemann 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
Antibodies to GABAA receptor α1 and γ2 subunits: clinical and serologic characterization. (ox.ac.uk)
We searched 2,548 sera for antibodies binding to GABAAR α, β, and γ subunits on live HEK293 cells and identified the class, subclass, and GABAAR subunit specificities of the positive samples. (ox.ac.uk)

Like patients who have lesions in this part of the brain, the mutant mice showed profound memory deficits, providing, says Tsien, "strong evidence that the NMDA receptor is indeed important for memory. (the-scientist.com)

The serotonin receptor 5HT, the one famously tweaked by antidepressants , comes in a variety of subtypes. (scitechdaily.com)
As the immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), microglia could influence neurogenesis through the M1 and M2 subtypes, and these may promote depressive-like behaviors. (frontiersin.org)
Eglen (2006) Muscarinic receptor subtypes in neuronal and non-neuronal cholinergic function. (multispaninc.com)

[ 7 ] More recent data from striatal neuronal cultures transfected with mutant huntingtin and transgenic mice carrying the spinocerebellar ataxia-1 (SCA-1) gene (another CAG repeat disorder) suggest that NIIs may not be necessary or sufficient to cause neuronal cell death, but translocation into the nucleus is sufficient to cause neuronal cell death. (medscape.com)
Such neuronal translocation constitutes an additional not generally recognized clearance pathway for inhaled solid UFP, whose significance for humans, however, still needs to be estab- lished. (cdc.gov)

Hormones bind selectively to receptors located inside or on the surface of target cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Receptors on the cell surface bind with hormones that regulate enzyme activity or affect ion channels (eg, growth hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone). (msdmanuals.com)

Sokullu E, Dağcı T, Gözen O, Ersoy F, Öztarhan A (2017) The Effects of Carbon and Gold Ion Implanted Surfaces on Neuronal Stem Cells' Functions. (omicsonline.org)
Functions as a sorting receptor in the Golgi compartment and as a clearance receptor on the cell surface. (abcam.com)
The transition from unicellular life to multicellular life allowed organisms to delegate tasks to cells which could then specialize rather than being required to carry out all the functions of the organism. (elifesciences.org)
The disparate functions of different cell types are coordinated by a wide array of mechanisms, including direct cell-cell contacts within a tissue, shared access to nutrient pools, and both local (paracrine) and longer-range trafficking of small molecule and peptide signals. (elifesciences.org)
Proinflammatory cytokines are closely associated with neurogenesis, in that proinflammatory receptors are highly aggregated in hippocampal regions with cognitive functions. (frontiersin.org)
This was one of the rare studies translating biased signalling from a receptor to in vivo functions. (qub.ac.uk)

In TDM-stimulated MH-S cells, PL significantly influenced the macrophage inducible Ca 2+ -dependent lectin receptor (Mincle)-Syk-ERK signalling pathway. (chemnews-japan.com)

At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)

These receptors internalise apoE-containing lipoprotein particles and so apoE participates in the distribution or redistribution of lipids among various tissues and bodily cells. (randox.com)

This receptor also appears to mediate the hyperplastic states when a brain is changing quickly. (psypost.org)

It is also known that the three highly conserved cysteine residues are involved with α-LTX receptor binding, because mutants containing serine instead of cysteine residues did not induce toxicity. (wikipedia.org)

The enrichment of VLDL with apoE4 accelerates their clearance from the plasma by receptor-mediated endocytosis in the liver and consequently, LDL receptors are downregulated, and LDL levels rise 3 . (randox.com)

α-LTX has a high affinity for receptors that are specific for neuronal and endocrine cells of vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)

Our results suggest that axonal dysfunction rather than cell death underlies these phenotypes. (ox.ac.uk)

Peptide binding of the ligand takes place in an elongated surface groove as an anti-parallel beta-strand interacts with the beta-B strand and the B helix. (embl.de)

[ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)

These mice can serve to study early stages of in vivo neuronal dysfunction not yet associated with cell loss. (ox.ac.uk)

We focus on the characterization of the central nervous system (CNS) immunologic response to VSBV-1 by IHC analyses of immune cells in the brain of all patients, as well as by examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reactions over time during the disease. (cdc.gov)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)

APOE serves as a ligand for members of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family and is involved in the removal of lipoproteins from the circulation for excretion in the liver. (dovepress.com)

Our group was among the first to report how obesity regulates astro acidic leptin receptor or ObR expression, and how the reactive astrocytes in turn modulated feeding behavior and obesity. (hstalks.com)
To confirm their theory that the signal types control cell behavior, the research team molecularly cross-wired the systems so that each growth factor would produce the opposite ERK profile. (reasons.org)

Specific molecular complexes in the cell's outer shell, so-called 'receptors', receive the signal by binding the neurotransmitters. (technologynetworks.com)
They may also interact synergistically with plexins and with VEGF RECEPTORS to form receptor complexes with distinct affinities and specificities. (bvsalud.org)

Biological membranes block pore formation when no α-LTX receptors are present (neurexin, latrophilin, PTPσ). (wikipedia.org)

1984. The reversal potential of excitatory amino acid action on granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus. (cdc.gov)

Second, these antibodies impair the induction of synaptic plasticity, rebound potentiation, and LTD, on Purkinje cells, resulting in loss of restoration and compensation of the distorted "internal models. (springer.com)

Gradually, the field is paying more attention to glial cells because of observed the reactive gliosis changes in astrocytes and microglia. (hstalks.com)
The extent of gross striatal pathology, neuronal loss, and gliosis provides a basis for grading the severity of HD pathology (grades 0-4). (medscape.com)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, which was first described in studies on leukemia, has attracted considerable attention in other cancer fields, including the one devoted to brain tumor 4 . (nature.com)
Narp (neuronal activity-regulated pentraxin) is a secreted immediate-early gene (IEG) regulated by synaptic activity in brain. (duke.edu)
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are multipotent stem cells and are considered good candidates for cell restoration in injured brain tissue. (sld.cu)
Rather, the brain is genetically equipped from birth with an overabundance of neuronal groups and the brain develops by a mechanism which is like Darwinian natural selection: some neuronal groups die out, others survive and are strengthened. (nybooks.com)
Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) transcripts known to be expressed by the fetal brain are detectable by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in amniotic fluid and represent potential biomarkers of neurodevelopment. (biomedcentral.com)
Amniotic fluid (AF) cell-free RNA (cfRNA) has previously been shown to be a novel source of information about multiple organ systems including the fetal brain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of this research is to investigate a mechanism for how nerve cells in the brain control long-term changes in their structure and function in response to communication from other nerve cells. (ukri.org)
A large proportion of miRNAs are expressed in the brain, and most of these are found in neuronal dendrites associated with synapses. (ukri.org)
This project will grow brain immune cells call microglia from blood cells of people with ALS. (cdc.gov)
HN - 2008 MH - Superior Sagittal Sinus UI - D054063 MN - A07.231.908.224.667 MS - The long large endothelium-lined venous channel on the top outer surface of the brain. (bvsalud.org)

In laboratory settings, glioma stem cells (GSCs) can be isolated by adding EGF and FGF to suspension cultures in the absence of serum, which is the so-called sphere-forming method, or by using adherent culture systems in which specific materials are coated on culture dishes 4 , 6 . (nature.com)

Activation of these receptors enhances the effects of GABA. (medscape.com)

In this study, we used bio-layer interferometry (BLI) to discern the differences in binding affinity between multiple human and mink-derived S glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their respective ACE2 receptors. (cdc.gov)

Our results suggest that single cell-derived subclones from a patient can produce phenotypically heterogeneous self-renewing progenies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. (nature.com)

In the arcuate nucleus of the mice hypothalamus, immunofluorescence staining of leptin receptor ObR shows two types of cells. (hstalks.com)
The present study explores the possible involvement of a purinergic mechanism in mechanosensory transduction in the bladder using P2X 3 receptor knock-out (P2X 3 − /− ) and wild-type control (P2X 3 +/+ ) mice. (jneurosci.org)
P2X 3 -positive staining was completely absent in the subepithelial plexus of the P2X 3 − /− mice, whereas staining for calcitonin gene-related peptide and vanilloid receptor 1 receptors remained. (jneurosci.org)

Presented in three back-to-back papers in a December 1996 issue of Cell , the work was a "classic set of studies," says Kandel. (the-scientist.com)

We discovered a novel intermediary conformation where the mvACE2 receptor is bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S glycoprotein in a 'down' position, approximately 34° lower than previously reported 'up' RBD. (cdc.gov)

Other dominant and recessive mutations in apoE that affect residues in or around the receptor binding region also causes type III hyperlipoproteinemia 3 . (randox.com)
1998. Monitoring of pesticide residues and their metabolites in surface and underground waters of Imathia (N. Greece) by means of solid-phase extraction disks and gas chromatography. (cdc.gov)

She started her journey in this exciting research field by investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT 2 R)-mediated neurite outgrowth as a MSc student (2003-2005). (qub.ac.uk)

Cancers are composed of heterogeneous combinations of cells that exhibit distinct phenotypic characteristics and proliferative potentials. (nature.com)

Interaction of organochlorine compounds with thyroid receptor, transthyretin, and thyroid-binding globulin. (cdc.gov)
Receptors inside cells interact with hormones that regulate gene function (eg, corticosteroids, vitamin D, thyroid hormone). (msdmanuals.com)

Of specific interest is the role that nanoscale cell-surface interactions play in the biocompatibility of neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
Since the surface plays an extremely important role in the interactions with cells various modifications of the UNCD surface by plasma or photochemical processes will be applied, followed by patterning of the surface termination. (uni-kassel.de)
The association of huntingtin with the cytoplasmic surface of a variety of organelles, including transport vesicles, synaptic vesicles, microtubules, and mitochondria, raises the possibility of the occurrence of normal cellular interactions that might be relevant to neurodegeneration. (medscape.com)
While evolutionarily conserved, ACE2 receptors differ across various species and differential interactions with Spike (S) glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses impact species specificity. (cdc.gov)

First, insertion may lead to pore formation and possibly other effects, and second, the receptor may be activated, which leads to intracellular signaling. (wikipedia.org)
Signals from outside the cell control many intracellular programs, even directing how cells develop into organs and whole organisms. (reasons.org)

Moreover, the sensitivities of the subclones to an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor were dissimilar. (nature.com)

Moreover, for genes that are expressed in multiple tissues or at multiple stages of development, the use of tissue-specific expression of the Cre recombinase allows gene function to be perturbed in specific cell types and/or at specific times. (elifesciences.org)
A surprisingly wide range of Cre drivers - including six different neuronal promoters as well as the adipose-specific Adipoq Cre promoter - exhibited off-target recombination in the epididymis, with a subset of drivers also exhibiting unexpected activity in other tissues such as the reproductive accessory glands. (elifesciences.org)
The uPA converts cell surface-bound plasminogen to plasmin, a process that is regulated by the binding of plasminogen to specific receptors on the cell surface, however, the identity of the plasminogen receptors that function in this capacity is unclear. (oncotarget.com)
The endocrine system coordinates functioning between different organs through hormones, which are chemicals released into the bloodstream from specific types of cells within endocrine (ductless) glands. (msdmanuals.com)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)

These data strongly suggest a major sensory role for urothelially released ATP acting via P2X 3 receptors on a subpopulation of pelvic afferent fibers. (jneurosci.org)

Anatomy59

Organisms24

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes55

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Neurons35

Proteins12

Neurotransmitter receptors3

Binds6

Extracellular7

AMPA10

Membrane9

Apoptosis5

Stimulate5

Neuron6

Lipid4

Molecules7

Glutamate receptor3

Protein19

Hippocampus3

Differentiation1

Populations3

Adhesion2

20211

19991

Neural stem1

Nerve growth1

Homeostasis2

Functional4

Subunits3

NMDA1

Subtypes3

Translocation2

Bind2

Functions6

Pathway1

Rats2

Lipids1

Mediate1

Induce1

Endocytosis1

High affinity1

Axonal1

Interacts1

Survival1

Dysfunction1

Nervous System2

Lipoprotein1

Behavior2

Complexes2

Latrophilin1

Granule1

Synaptic plasticity1

Gliosis2

Brain10

Cultures1

Enhances1

Affinity1

Vivo1

Mice3

19961

Glycoprotein1

Residues2

Neurite outgrowth1

Distinct1

Thyroid2

Interactions4

Intracellular2

Epidermal1

Specific5

Sensory1