AtrophyFacial Nerve InjuriesNeuronsMuscular AtrophyOptic AtrophyMuscular Atrophy, SpinalMultiple System AtrophySpinal Muscular Atrophies of ChildhoodBrainOlivopontocerebellar AtrophiesNerve Tissue ProteinsHippocampusGyrate AtrophyNeuronal PlasticityCerebral CortexGeographic AtrophyMagnetic Resonance ImagingRats, Sprague-DawleyNitric Oxide Synthase Type ISurvival of Motor Neuron 1 ProteinCells, CulturedNerve DegenerationMuscular Disorders, AtrophicNeuronal Ceroid-LipofuscinosesSMN Complex ProteinsCell DeathOptic Atrophy, Autosomal DominantAlzheimer DiseaseDisease Models, AnimalNeurogliaCerebellumImmunohistochemistryAxonsNeuritesNeurogenesisMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicTime FactorsCell DifferentiationHindlimb SuspensionSurvival of Motor Neuron 2 ProteinPC12 CellsMuscle, SkeletalAnimals, NewbornAction PotentialsSignal TransductionMice, KnockoutNeurodegenerative DiseasesMotor NeuronsSpinal CordRats, Wistar