• Background Mutations in Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/MAPK) pathway genes lead to a class of disorders known as RASopathies, including neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), Noonan syndrome (NS), Costello syndrome (CS), and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC). (bmj.com)
  • Dr. Green is a physician-scientist and a child psychiatrist who works primarily with children with known genetic conditions and "neurogenetic syndromes" such as Noonan syndrome and other Rasopathies. (nfnetwork.org)
  • RASopathies are a group of genetic syndromes that may be as common as 1:1000. (globalgenes.org)
  • The syndromes RASopathies Network focuses on include: cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC), Costello (CS), LEOPARD/NSML, Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and Noonan (NS). (globalgenes.org)
  • Erlangen, 18 July 2023 - RASopathies are a group of genetic diseases that arise from increased signalling down the cellular transduction pathway known as RAS, which plays a crucial role in multiple developmental processes. (euras-project.eu)
  • A Brief video on Bruce Gelb and his interest in RASopathies research, particularly Noonan syndrome. (rasopathiesnet.org)
  • RASopathies are a group of genetic conditions. (kidshealth.org)
  • RASopathies are a type of syndrome (SIN-drome). (kidshealth.org)
  • Changes in the genes (our genetic "blueprints") in the RAS pathway cause the RASopathies. (kidshealth.org)
  • Molecular Genetics of Noonan Syndrome and RASopathies. (igenomix.net)
  • RASopathies are a family of genetic disorders caused by mutations in enzymes that modulate the activity of the MAPK pathway , a group of enzymes which is also one of the most important chemical pathways impacted by the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation in achondroplasia (reviewed here ). (treatingachondroplasia.com)
  • The term RASopathies includes disorders with mutations in the genes that code for the proteins of the RAS/MAPK pathway, such as neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Legius syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, Costello syndrome, and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Costello syndrome is a member of a group of conditions called RASopathies . (forgottendiseases.org)
  • Other RASopathies include Noonan syndrome , Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (formally LEOPARD syndrome), neurofibromatosis type 1, cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, and Legius syndrome. (forgottendiseases.org)
  • A number of genetic mutations can result in Noonan syndrome. (handwiki.org)
  • Gene mutations identified in individuals with Noonan Syndrome phenotype are involved in the R AS /MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signal transduction pathway , also known as R AS opathy. (igenomix.net)
  • Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes). (genome.gov)
  • LEOPARD syndrome, also known as Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder most often caused by missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Molecular studies have proven that LEOPARD syndrome and Noonan syndrome are allelic disorders caused by different missense mutations in PTPN11, a gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 located at band 12q24.1. (medscape.com)
  • In 2005, Ogata and Yoshida documented that PTPN11 mutations can be identified in approximately 40% of Noonan syndrome patients and in greater than 80% of LEOPARD syndrome patients. (medscape.com)
  • In 2006, Hanna et al found that Noonan syndrome mutations enhance SHP-2 catalytic activity, whereas the activity of representative LS mutants is undetectable when assayed using a standard PTP substrate. (medscape.com)
  • [ 11 ] They revealed that whereas Noonan syndrome is caused by gain-of-function PTPN11 mutations, LEOPARD syndrome mutants are catalytically defective and act as dominant negative mutations that interfere with growth factor/Erk-mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling. (medscape.com)
  • In 2006, Tartaglia et al reported that germline mutations in the PTPN11 gene cause LEOPARD and Noonan syndromes, whereas somatic mutations in the same gene contribute to leukemogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Ogata T, Yoshida R. PTPN11 mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in Noonan and LEOPARD syndromes. (medscape.com)
  • PTPN11 (Shp2) mutations in LEOPARD syndrome have dominant negative, not activating, effects. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic heterogeneity in LEOPARD syndrome: two families with no mutations in PTPN11. (medscape.com)
  • Independent NF1 and PTPN11 mutations in a family with neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. (lu.se)
  • SOS1 and PTPN11 mutations in five cases of Noonan syndrome with multiple giant cell lesions. (lu.se)
  • Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with Noonan syndrome with germ-line PTPN11 mutations. (lu.se)
  • Early fetal death associated with compound heterozygosity for Noonan syndrome-causative PTPN11 mutations. (lu.se)
  • Acquisition of JAK2, PTPN11, and RAS mutations during disease progression in primary myelodysplastic syndrome. (lu.se)
  • HRAS protooncogene mutations cause this syndrome[13,14]. (familialcancerdatabase.nl)
  • Costello syndrome generally results from spontaneous mutations in a gene called HRAS . (forgottendiseases.org)
  • Because the mutations occur spontaneously, parents are unlikely (though not completely impossible) to have a second child with this syndrome. (forgottendiseases.org)
  • Some of the characteristic features of Noonan syndrome include a large head with excess skin on the back of the neck, low hairline at the nape of the neck, high hairline at the front of the head, triangular face shape, broad forehead, and a short, webbed neck. (handwiki.org)
  • The main features of Noonan Syndrome include unusual fascies (hypertelorism, down-slanting eyes, webbed neck), congenital heart disease, short stature and chest deformity. (igenomix.net)
  • Previous work has suggested potential genetic and phenotypic overlap between dysregulation of Ras/MAPK signalling and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). (bmj.com)
  • 3 Additional rare autosomal dominant or recessive disorders, such as Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, Timothy syndrome and CHARGE syndrome have been described as associated with autism in clinical reports. (bmj.com)
  • Other associated physical findings specific for the cause of secondary lymphedema and genetic disorders involving lymphedema may be noted upon examination. (medscape.com)
  • The Third International Meeting on Genetic Disorders in the RAS/MAPK Pathway: Towards a Therapeutic Approach" was held at the Renaissance Orlando at SeaWorld Hotel (August 2-4, 2013). (escholarship.org)
  • The incorporation of next generation sequencing is changing the way genetic diagnostics is performed for NF and related disorders, providing solutions to problems like genetic heterogeneity, overlapping clinical manifestations, or the presence of mosaicism. (escholarship.org)
  • 90% have developmental disability  20% have autism  Communication disorder o Delayed speech o Severe hypernasality leads to poor articulation and atypical pattern of language development o May appear apraxic or dyspraxic  Increased psychiatric disorders o Bipolar, schizophrenia, mood disorders DDX  Cayler Cardiofacial Syndrome (asymmetric crying facies +conotruncal cardiac malformation): also 22q11.2 deletion  CHARGE Syndrome also features congenital heart disease, immunodeficiency, hypocalcemia, and hearing loss. (kipdf.com)
  • Syndromes are diseases, conditions, or disorders that involve a particular group of signs and symptoms. (kidshealth.org)
  • Determining the genetic causes of inherited heart diseases provides valuable insight for molecular confirmation of clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis of related disorders, and risk assessment of family members. (asperbio.com)
  • A rare genetic polymalformative syndrome characterized by a Noonan-like phenotype associated with increased risk of developing juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). (globalgenes.org)
  • The Noonan-like (NS) phenotype includes dysmorphic facial features (i.e. high forehead hypertelorism downslanting palpebral fissures ptosis low-set ears prominent philtrum and short neck with or without pterygium colli) developmental delay hypotonia and small head circumference. (globalgenes.org)
  • Prader-Willi Syndrome Genetics  Genotype-Phenotype correlations o Type I deletions: more compulsions, poorer adaptive skills, lower IQ and lower academic achievement  75% microdeletion paternal chromosome 15q11.2-q13. (kipdf.com)
  • 2010). The face of Noonan syndrome: Does phenotype predict genotype. (igenomix.net)
  • Genotype-phenotype correlations in Noonan syndrome. (lu.se)
  • For example, the first direct evidence that hemizygosity at the ELN locus contributes to the Williams syndrome phenotype followed a report that a t(6;7)(p21.1;q11.23) translocation was segregating in a family with dominant supra valvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) (Ashkenas, 1996). (what-when-how.com)
  • Subsequent studies have identified a number of genes implicated in the William's contiguous gene phenotype, and in common with many other human microdeletion syndromes, hemizygosity at one or more loci leading to the disruption of expression of dosage-sensitive genes appears to be the principal mutational mechanism underlying the clinical phenotypes. (what-when-how.com)
  • The genetic diseases associated with BP are Cowden disease, Noonan syndrome, Proteus syndrome, and neurofibromatosis type 1. (wikipedia.org)
  • To address this issue, the team assessed the facial phenotypes associated with four genetic syndromes -Down (DS), Morquio (MS), Noonan (NS) and Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)- in a Latino-American population with individuals that presented a great variation of miscegenation and genetic ancestry. (ub.edu)
  • OBJECTIVE: To obtain updated estimates of the incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and type 2 (NF2). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this phase 2 trial, most children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and inoperable plexiform neurofibromas had durable tumor shrinkage and clinical benefit from selumetinib. (rasopathiesnet.org)
  • Organized and hosted by the Children's Tumor Foundation (CTF), the Neurofibromatosis (NF) conference is the premier annual gathering for clinicians and researchers interested in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN). (escholarship.org)
  • [3] [1] Noonan syndrome is a type of RASopathy , the underlying mechanism for which involves attenuation of the RAS/MAPK cell signaling pathway. (handwiki.org)
  • Some of the diseases belonging to this category include Noonan syndrome, Costello syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1, c ardio - facio - cutaneous syndrome and others. (igenomix.net)
  • Additionally, cherubism-like growths have been reported in rare cases of Noonan syndrome (a developmental disorder characterized by unusual facial characteristics, short stature, and heart defects), fragile X syndrome (a condition primarily affecting males that causes learning disabilities and cognitive impairment), and neurofibromatosis type 1 (a condition primarily characterized by multiple skin tumors). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome, also called FPIES, is a type of delayed food allergy. (akronchildrens.org)
  • is the Costello locus linked to neurofibromatosis type 2 on 22q? (familialcancerdatabase.nl)
  • Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common genetic conditions and has highly variable symptoms, even among family members with the same causative NF1 gene variant and within an individual at different times in life. (arupconsult.com)
  • Approximately 5 to 20% of all patients with neurofibromatosis type I (162200) carry a heterozygous deletion of approximately 1.4 Mb involving the NF1 gene and contiguous genes lying in its flanking regions (Riva et al. (nih.gov)
  • As an example, people with Costello syndrome have an increased risk for a type of cancer called rhabodmyosarcoma, which tends to form in muscles that attach to bones (1, 2). (forgottendiseases.org)
  • Note disproportionately short stature with mesomelic shortening and deformities of forearms and legs (in mesomelic dysplasia) and short forearms with Madelung-type deformity (in Leri-Weill syndrome). (medscape.com)
  • Infant with Beemer-type (left) and an infant with Majewski-type (right) short-rib syndrome (SRS). (medscape.com)
  • Child with Hurler syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IH). (medscape.com)
  • Although the syndrome had been described by a paediatric cardiologist Dr Jacqueline Noonan in 1963 not much was known about the syndrome outside the cardiac features she had described. (noonansyndrome.org.uk)
  • [2] The condition was first described in 1883 and was named after American pediatric cardiologist Jacqueline Noonan, who described further cases in 1963. (handwiki.org)
  • The interaction of neurofibromin and SPRED1 was described comprehensively, providing functional insight that will help in the interpretation of pathogenicity of certain missense variants identified in NF1 and Legius syndrome patients. (escholarship.org)
  • Use to confirm diagnosis of NF1 or Legius syndrome. (arupconsult.com)
  • Symptoms of Legius syndrome (LS), such as café au lait macules, overlap with those of NF1. (arupconsult.com)
  • The clinical spectrum of NS may differ slightly between causative genes, and some forms have been described as ''Noonan like'' (NS-like disorder with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and NS-like disorder with loose anagen hair). (orpha.net)
  • Dr. Iloeje specifically highlights what clinical trials are, what SpringWorks Therapeutics is currently working on, and what trials are available for neurofibromatosis patients. (nfnetwork.org)
  • Leukemia can be the only clinical manifestation of the syndrome. (globalgenes.org)
  • We contacted all the paediatricians and geneticists in the UK to identify the families with Noonan syndrome and over the next 2 years brought them up to St Georges for a day where we did heart scans and blood samples as well as documenting all the clinical features. (noonansyndrome.org.uk)
  • The genetic and molecular confirmation for an accurate clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic patient. (igenomix.net)
  • Noonan syndrome: clinical features, diagnosis, and management guidelines. (igenomix.net)
  • Typical craniofacial dysmorphisms are present and there is clinical and molecular overlap with CFC syndrome[1-5]. (familialcancerdatabase.nl)
  • Therefore, an inconspicuous genetic finding does not mean that the suspected clinical diagnosis can be excluded with certainty. (amedes-genetics.de)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are uncommon in children and have a poor prognosis. (nature.com)
  • My Faulty Gene is a nonprofit organization which provides information and assistance to any individual whose family medical history suggests genetic testing might be helpful in identifying an increased risk of disease due to a genetic mutation. (globalgenes.org)
  • I became involved with Noonan syndrome almost by accident but now I have completed almost 30 years of research into the condition and helped to discover the main gene responsible for Noonan syndrome. (noonansyndrome.org.uk)
  • Nowadays with routine gene sequencing it is difficult to explain what the challenge of finding the gene for Noonan Syndrome was. (noonansyndrome.org.uk)
  • Although the underlying origin of these behaviours can sometimes be linked to a biological mechanism, such as a deficiency in the enzyme hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, in most conditions the pathway from gene to behaviour is less clear. (herts.ac.uk)
  • THE BAKER'S DOZEN: Genetic Syndromes with Developmental Disabilities General Resources for Genetic Syndrome Diagnosis and Management:  www.genetests.org Gene Reviews  Cassidy SB and Allanson JE. (kipdf.com)
  • Fragile X Syndrome Genetics  PCR/Southern blot: No. of trinucleotide CGG repeats FMR1 gene o Normal: 5-44 Intermediate "gray zone": 45-54 o Premutation carrier: 55-200 Full mutation: >200  Genetic Anticipation: Maternal premutation carrier transmits unstable FMR1 allele to offspring. (kipdf.com)
  • Brother and sister with mesomelic dysplasia (homozygous dyschondrosteosis gene) and a woman with Leri-Weill syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic heart conditions assembled in this testing menu are detectable mainly by multi-gene panels , but yet single gene testing and targeted mutation analysis are also available. (asperbio.com)
  • Rapid advances in gene editing and genetic technologies have revolutionised our ability to model human genetic disease and provided new hope for gene therapies. (biologists.com)
  • The most well established of these, including fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Rett syndrome, and PTEN mutation account for up to 5% of ASDs. (bmj.com)
  • 2001). In spite of the prevalence of autistic-like behaviours in many syndromes, autism is typically associated with a few conditions only, notably tuberous sclerosis. (herts.ac.uk)
  • In syndromes in which there are differences in physical appearance, such as short stature/accelerated growth, facial dysmorphism or delayed sexual development, affected individuals can suffer from low self-esteem and this can often precipitate secondary behavioural difficulties. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Moynahan first documented the association of the syndrome with cardiac abnormalities and short stature in 1962. (medscape.com)
  • and Noonan syndrome, with features such as short stature, typical facial features, congenital heart defects and unusual pectus deformity. (nih.gov)
  • Noonan syndrome ( NS ) is a genetic disorder that may present with mildly unusual facial features, short height, congenital heart disease, bleeding problems, and skeletal malformations. (handwiki.org)
  • Skin signs and symptoms in Noonan syndrome include lymphedema (lymph swelling of the extremities), keloid formation, excessive scar formation, hyperkeratosis (overdevelopment of outer skin layer), pigmented nevi (darkly pigmented skin spots), and connective tissue disease. (handwiki.org)
  • A genetic disorder is a disease caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. (genome.gov)
  • The mutational spectrum of PTPN11 in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia and Noonan syndrome/myeloproliferative disease. (lu.se)
  • Molecular testing is recommended for symptomatic individuals who do not fulfill National Institutes of Health (NIH) diagnostic criteria for NF1 (see Disease Overview) and for adults who desire prenatal or preimplantation genetic diagnosis in current or future pregnancies. (arupconsult.com)
  • At this Meeting, speakers will present the very latest advances in modelling human genetic disease. (biologists.com)
  • Owing to the range of intellectual disability exhibited across behavioural phenotypes, it is important to assess cognitive functioning at an early stage, particularly when the level of intellectual disability may be borderline, as in the case of Sotos and Turner syndromes, so that educational intervention can be tailored to meet the individual's needs and maximize the individual's potential (Barnard et al. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Automatic diagnosis based on artificial intelligence can reveal patterns of severe or mild dysmorphologies that are characteristic of each syndrome "but with significant differences that can be detected when a quantitative analysis of facial morphology is carried out", stresses Neus Martínez-Abadías, expert on biological anthropology and member of the Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences of the UB. (ub.edu)
  • Author and journalist Olivia Gordon, has written a moving book about her son's diagnosis with Noonan Syndrome, and it's now published in the United States. (rasopathiesnet.org)
  • THE BAKER'S DOZEN: Genetic Syndromes with Developmental Disabilities General Resources for Genetic Syndrome Diagnosis and Management:  www.genetests. (kipdf.com)
  • The most common signs leading to the diagnosis of Noonan syndrome are unique facial characteristics and musculoskeletal features. (handwiki.org)
  • 1988), led to the discovery of the first cryptic deletion syndromes, that is, those in which the missing material was not visible using conventional microscopy. (what-when-how.com)
  • 1997). These studies were instrumental in defining the so-called terminal deletion syndromes that are distributed throughout the genome and were found in ~5% patients with idiopathic developmental delay with or without associated congenital abnormalities (de Vries et al. (what-when-how.com)
  • For example, the presence in some mothers with children with Angelman's syndrome and del(15)(q11-q13) of a submicroscopic heterozygous inversion at the regions defined by flanking segmental duplications has been proposed to represent "an intermediate estate" that facilitates the formation of a deletion in an offspring (Gimelli et al. (what-when-how.com)
  • Newly diagnosed with Noonan syndrome-like disorder with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia? (globalgenes.org)
  • Mice lacking the Cdo-related factor Boc do not have midline defects but genetic removal of Boc dose-dependently enhances HPE phenotypes associated with mutation of Cdo . (biologists.com)
  • they are also found in patients with neurofibromatosis and nevus spilus. (medscape.com)
  • Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia identifies uniparental disomy surrounding the NF1 locus in cases associated with neurofibromatosis but not in cases with mutant RAS or PTPN11. (lu.se)
  • Discovery of most microdeletion syndromes resulted from collaborations between clinicians, cytogeneticists, and molecular geneticists. (what-when-how.com)
  • As we unlock the secrets of the human genome (the complete set of human genes), we are learning that nearly all diseases have a genetic component. (genome.gov)
  • Cases of PB have also been reported to occur in individuals with a family history of certain genetic diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many human diseases have a genetic component. (genome.gov)
  • This list of genetic, orphan and rare diseases is provided for informational purposes only and is by no means comprehensive. (genome.gov)
  • Asper Cardiogenetics covers genetic tests related to cardiovascular diseases, including Long QT syndrome , Marfan syndrome , Noonan syndrome , as well as tests for prediction of adverse drug reactions. (asperbio.com)
  • While Down's syndrome is the most common cause of intellectual disability, fragile-X syndrome is the most common inherited cause of learning disability (see Sabaratnam, 2003). (herts.ac.uk)
  • for example, females with fragile-X syndrome have milder phenotypic expression and less severe intellectual disability. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Health Supervision for Children with Fragile X Syndrome Pediatrics Vol. 127 No. 5 May 2011, pp. 994-1006. (kipdf.com)
  • Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a multisystem disorder characterized by multiple café au lait macules, intertriginous freckling, multiple cutaneous neurofibromas, and learning disability or behavior problems. (nih.gov)
  • Craniofrontonasal syndrome is an X-linked developmental disorder that shows paradoxically greater severity in heterozygous females than in hemizygous males. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Objectives  Recognize features of common genetic syndromes associated with developmental disabilities. (kipdf.com)
  • They're among the most common genetic conditions. (kidshealth.org)
  • Clonal duplication of a germline PTPN11 mutation due to acquired uniparental disomy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts from a patient with Noonan syndrome. (lu.se)
  • These conditions, with Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) and Noonan syndrome (NS) being the most common, can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, including specific facial features, heart defects, skin changes and varying degrees of neurological and neurocognitive impairment. (euras-project.eu)
  • In a number of syndromes, such as Cornelia de Lange, milder phenotypic expression is associated with less severe intellectual disability. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Abnormal features of Noonan syndrome at the age of 3 months: Note the eyebrow slant and left-side eyelid dropping. (handwiki.org)
  • Abnormal features of Noonan syndrome at the age of 3 months: Note the low-set, posteriorly rotated, and abnormally formed ear. (handwiki.org)
  • I helped as far as I could but also arranged for the family to see Jackie Noonan in the States. (noonansyndrome.org.uk)
  • Childhood cancers that have links to genetic conditions may also affect the risk for other family members. (canceraustralia.gov.au)
  • You can ask your child's treatment team if you or your family should get genetic counselling. (canceraustralia.gov.au)
  • This syndrome is found in family members who are predisposed to developing sarcomas, such as RMS and other cancers ( breast cancer , leukemia ). (medicinenet.com)
  • Once a germline LZTR1 or SMARCB1 pathogenic variant has been identified in an affected family member, predictive testing for at-risk asymptomatic family members and prenatal and preimplantation genetic testing are possible. (nih.gov)
  • Schwannomatosis can be considered as a form of neurofibromatosis very similar to NF2 - but without vestibular schwannomas as a typical characteristic of NF2 and without NF2 mutation in peripheral blood. (amedes-genetics.de)
  • In order to quantitatively assess the facial features associated with each syndrome, they recorded the 2D cartesian coordinates of 18 facial landmarks in a sample of 51 people diagnosed with these syndromes and 79 controls. (ub.edu)
  • 2016). Growth patterns of patients with Noonan syndrome: correlation with age and genotype. (igenomix.net)
  • Please join NF California for this special opportunity to hear representatives of California hospitals, clinics and companies conducting research on different conditions associated with Neurofibromatosis. (nfnetwork.org)
  • Research links certain genetic conditions with a higher chance of getting soft tissue sarcomas. (canceraustralia.gov.au)
  • If your child has one of these genetic conditions, they will need specific care. (canceraustralia.gov.au)
  • To learn more about genetic conditions, see the children's cancer glossary or the Centre for Genetics Education . (canceraustralia.gov.au)
  • Although the specific risk factors for rhabdomyosarcoma are unknown, there is an increased risk of rhabdomyosarcoma due to radiation exposure or the use of certain recreational drugs by the mother during pregnancy and certain genetic conditions. (medicinenet.com)
  • These include many cancers, as well as some forms of neurofibromatosis. (genome.gov)
  • During the final presentation for NF Central Plains Virtual Day of iNFormation 2020, Dr. Keely Fitzgerald, Kaymee Phillips, Linda Yew, and Sharon Loftspring answer your questions about neurofibromatosis and share their insight as parents to children with NF. (nfnetwork.org)
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) causes inflammation throughout the body. (akronchildrens.org)