• VIPomas are neuroendocrine tumors that secrete vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) autonomously. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 10% of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (except carcinoids) are VIPomas. (medscape.com)
  • They may manifest as sporadic tumors or as part of certain syndromes, including multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may be functional or nonfunctional. (medscape.com)
  • Although nonfunctional islet cell tumors are not uncommon at autopsy, most islet cell tumors with clinical manifestations are functional. (medscape.com)
  • Pancreatic islet cell tumors may secrete 2 or more polypeptide hormones. (medscape.com)
  • Islet cell tumors in this group are often multiple and malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, the age-adjusted incidence of neuroendocrine tumors increased sixfold from 1973 (1.09 per 100,000) to 2012 ((6.98 per 100,000), possibly because of increased early detection. (medscape.com)
  • This article reviews the role of imaging in the management of islet cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • No universally agreed-upon algorithm exists in the radiologic investigation of pancratic neuroendocrine (islet cell) tumors of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • Evidence has shown that endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) can be used to accurately diagnose and localize primary endocrine tumors of the pancreas, especially insulinomas and gastrinomas. (medscape.com)
  • APUDOMA is a general term collectively applied to tumors associated with APUD cells. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Carcinoid tumors arise from neuroendocrine cells, which are widespread in the human body, especially in the organs derived from the primitive intestine. (medscape.com)
  • In 1914, Gosset and Masson demonstrated that carcinoid tumors might arise from enterochromaffin cells (Kulchitsky cell) within glands of Lieberkühn using silver impregnation techniques. (medscape.com)
  • In 1928, Masson established characterization of carcinoids as argentaffin cell tumors. (medscape.com)
  • In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) applied the term carcinoid to all tumors of the diffuse endocrine system (synonymous with amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation [APUD] and neuroendocrine cell system). (medscape.com)
  • however, tumors can originate from any cell of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system and, therefore, produce several intestinal hormones. (medscape.com)
  • Carcinoid tumors and related syndromes may be a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia . (medscape.com)
  • Methods of analysis of tumors of the DNS are also presented because some of these techniques are indispensable for the diagnosis of many neuroendocrine neoplasms. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The current neuroendocrine classification of cells and tumors uses immunohistochemical (IHC), ultrastructural, and molecular biologic features to define members of the DNS ( 6 , 7 and 8 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • They were historically thought to be derived from neural crest cells, but this has since been shown to be untrue (see neuroendocrine tumor).The term dates back to at least 1975. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical features of the syndrome depend on tumor cell type. (medscape.com)
  • Although the term carcinoid tumor has been broadly used to refer to many neoplasms derived from the DNS ( 9 ), this term is being replaced by neuroendocrine neoplasms. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Rare catecholamine-secreting tumor derived from chromaffin cells. (preparingtobecome.com)
  • They originate in amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells of the gastroenteropancreatic endocrine system and in adrenal or extra-adrenal neurogenic sites. (medscape.com)
  • Islet cells commonly are referred to as APUD cells, a name derived from their high amine content and capacity for amine precursor uptake with decarboxylation. (medscape.com)
  • The detailed study of neuroendocrine cells by Pearse ( 3 , 4 ) led to the development of the concept of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Cells with the capacity to take up and decarboxylate the amine precursors DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE or 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Amine storage and function in peptide hormone-producing cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Trk-like (A-B-C) proteins which are secreted by the cells making up the sub-population of the endocrine cells carry out the neurotrophin synthesis, amine and/or peptide storage as well as the regulation of the blood circulation of the gastrointestinal tract. (fusabil.org)
  • Pancreatic islet cells are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system of the gut and pancreatic endocrine system. (medscape.com)
  • The first part outlines the neuroendocrine system and presents an overview of the diffuse or dispersed neuroendocrine system (DNS) to help the general surgical pathologist gain a panoramic view of this complex system. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Neural crest cells are precursors of APUDoma and neurogenic cells. (medscape.com)
  • In pathology, an apudoma is an endocrine tumour that arises from an APUD cell from structures such as the ampulla of Vater. (wikipedia.org)
  • The steroid-producing endocrine cells of the adrenal cortex, ovary, and testis, as well as the thyroid hormone-producing follicular cells in the thyroid gland, do not form part of the DNS. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The production of somatostatin by the pancreatic islets, which regulates insulin and glucagon production in neighboring islet cells, is an example of paracrine regulation. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Paracrine regulation refers to the production of amines and hormones by cells that exert a local effect on the target cells by diffusion through the extracellular space. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Cells found throughout the lining of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that contain and secrete regulatory PEPTIDE HORMONES and/or BIOGENIC AMINES . (nih.gov)
  • Gastrointestinal endocrine cells are distributed in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and they synthesize various kinds of gastrointestinal hormones. (fusabil.org)
  • Pancreatic non-beta-cell hyperplasia is rare but has been reported in children. (medscape.com)
  • Feyrter ( 2 ) considered the clear cells of the gastrointestinal tract to be peripheral endocrine or paracrine cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The existence of endocrine cells has been immunohistochemically demonstrated in the gastrointestinal tract mucosa of different fish species 8 - 18 . (fusabil.org)
  • with the predominance of differentiation processes in the neuroendocrine apparatus, the serotonin content increases. (bio-conferences.org)
  • This is a property of endocrine cells of neural and non-neural origin. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Although the APUD concept provided a unifying theory for explaining some endocrine diseases and ectopic hormone productions, the hypothesis that the cells were all of neural crest origin, as postulated by Pearse, was later disproved by the experiments of LeDouarin ( 5 ) and others. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The DNS consists of a wide variety of cells that are present in the central and peripheral nervous system and in many classic endocrine organs ( Table 11.1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Endocrine function of bombesin regulates the secretion of gastric acid and its motility. (fusabil.org)
  • Neurotensin regulates several biological processes, such as intestinal motility, secretion, vascular smooth muscle activity, and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, but recent evidence indicates that in neurotensin there is also a potent neuroimmunomodulator 24 . (fusabil.org)
  • Secretin also has been found in cells in the BRAIN and other tissues. (nih.gov)
  • [ 8 ] Approximately 5% of VIPomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 syndrome . (medscape.com)
  • and (b) those of epithelial type, which include neuroendocrine neoplasms from many sites. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Aim of the research is to show the developing legitimacy APUD-system of lungs in pre and post ontogenesis. (bio-conferences.org)
  • The large luteal cells derive from the GRANULOSA CELLS . (nih.gov)
  • The small luteal cells derive from the THECA CELLS . (nih.gov)
  • Wu X, Zhang N, Lee MM. Mullerian inhibiting substance recruits ALK3 to regulate Leydig cell differentiation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Steroid-producing cells in the interstitial tissue of the TESTIS. (umassmed.edu)
  • C. Wegner, G. Teuchert-Noodt, and R.R. Dawirs, "Demonstration of dopamine immunoreactivity in open and closed type endocrine cells of gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) stomach", LIFE SCIENCES , vol. 59, 1996, pp. 1407-1413. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Many broad-spectrum IHC markers are available to aid in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • APUD Cells" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
  • Dopamine and the regulation of cell proliferation in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) pyloric mucosa. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Wu X, Wan S, Lee MM. Key factors in the regulation of fetal and postnatal Leydig cell development. (umassmed.edu)
  • These cells produce SECRETIN and are found in the MUCOSA of upper SMALL INTESTINE and PYLORIC ANTRUM in mammals. (nih.gov)
  • Intestinal L cells are located in the MUCOSA of distal ILEUM and COLON . (nih.gov)
  • Wu X, Arumugam R, Baker SP, Lee MM. Pubertal and adult Leydig cell function in Mullerian inhibiting substance-deficient mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • The cells of the DNS have also been referred to historically as paraneurons ( 1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Dopaminergic cells in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat: light and electron microscopic study using an antibody against dopamine. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • These cells share the ability to produce many biologically active amines, peptides, and other substances. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "APUD Cells" by people in this website by year, and whether "APUD Cells" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Anterior pituitary cells which produce GROWTH HORMONE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Balasinor NH, D'Souza R, Nanaware P, Idicula-Thomas S, Kedia-Mokashi N, He Z, Dym M. Effect of high intratesticular estrogen on global gene expression and testicular cell number in rats. (umassmed.edu)
  • High risk of acute pulmonary toxicity with both myeloablative and non-myeloablative total body irradiation-based conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (dukecancerinstitute.org)
  • For detecting endocrine cells of shear impregnated by the method of Gremeluise. (bio-conferences.org)
  • Condition of neuroendocrine apparatus of lungs on rabbits was studied during the fetal embryogenesis of inner development and after 1-180 days of the birth. (bio-conferences.org)
  • Wu X, Arumugam R, Zhang N, Lee MM. Androgen profiles during pubertal Leydig cell development in mice. (umassmed.edu)