CorticalNeurogenesisProliferationDifferentiationDysfunctionNeuroscienceSynapticDopaminergicGlutamatergicMiceBDNFTissueHippocampusDifferentiateDorsalPopulationsAdultPathwayProgenitorsMesenchymal stemEndoplasmic reticulumBrainProgenitor cellStriatalAmyotrophic lateral sParkinson'sDeficitsNeuropathologyExpressionMitochondrialSignalingCortexMRNAAstrocytesCellsCytokinesNrf2PluripotentNeurodegenerative diseaseRegulationTarget proteinsPathwaysTissuesGeneStimulationRegenerationDendriticNeurologicalSynapsesDemonstrateContrast
Cortical11
- We report here that the Fgf2 null mutant mice show an ∼40% decrease in cortical glutamatergic pyramidal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
- In contrast to pyramidal neurons, cortical GABA interneurons are unaffected by the lack of Fgf2. (jneurosci.org)
- Because Fgf2 −/− mice lacked 45% of cortical neurons at birth, the progenitor loss is compensated only in part during neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
- The decreased progenitor cell pool indicates that Fgf2 is required for the development of a subset of cortical progenitors within the dorsal PVE, which in turn may differentiate into cortical projection neurons. (jneurosci.org)
- Because the dorsal PVE was depleted of progenitors but the ganglionic eminences were not affected in Fgf2 −/− mice, we predicted that these mice should lack a population of pyramidal neurons, but their cortical GABA interneurons should have remained unchanged. (jneurosci.org)
- Although these studies have provided insights into individual components of the neuro-motor network at specific time points in disease pathogenesis, there remains a need to define the onset and progression of neuronal pathology at successive stages of disease in ALS in key subcortical structures receiving cortical outputs: the striatum, hippocampus ( Spalloni and Longone, 2015 ), brainstem, and spinal cord. (frontiersin.org)
- RNA-protein multiome approach helps to discover that the posttranscriptional regulation of the translational machinery is crucial for the fidelity of cortical development. (elifesciences.org)
- 1998). In vitro assays (Castellani and Bolz, 1999) have shown that NT-3 has dual effects on layer 2-3 and layer 6 cortical neurons. (org.es)
- Fifteen days after implant, cortical grafts will also produce a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent survival factor for claustral neurons that project to the occipital cortex (Trupp et al. (org.es)
- It also has a role in neurogenesis by promoting survival and growth of dorsal root ganglion cells, and hippocampal and cortical neurons (Binder & Scharfman). (stemcell.com)
- Altered network properties in C9ORF72 repeat expansion cortical neurons are due to synaptic dysfunction. (muirmaxwellcentre.com)
Neurogenesis13
- Thus, as the hippocampus is essential for learning, memory, and cognitive functions and is intimately involved in the ventricular system, making it a potential site of IVH-induced injury, we determined the molecular basis of the effects of hUCB-derived MSCs on hippocampal neurogenesis and the recovery of hippocampal neural circuits after IVH in a rodent model. (biomedcentral.com)
- The molecular mechanism of the MSCs effects on neurogenesis and the attenuation of neuron death was determined by evaluation of BDNF-TrkB-Akt-CREB signaling axis. (biomedcentral.com)
- To study the role of transcription factors (TFs), we focused on Tbr2 (T-box brain gene 2), which has been implicated previously in developmental glutamatergic neurogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
- These results suggest that Tbr2+ IPCs play a major role in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and that a similar transcriptional program controls neurogenesis in adult SGZ as in embryonic cerebral cortex. (jneurosci.org)
- Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a constitutive but highly regulated process that occurs in a neurogenic niche, the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG). (jneurosci.org)
- Oppositional effects of serotonin receptors 5-HT1a, 2, and 2c in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Additive effects of physical exercise and environmental enrichment on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. (mdc-berlin.de)
- CD4-positive T lymphocytes provide a neuroimmunological link in the control of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
- NMDA and benzodiazepine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Differential 24 h responsiveness of Prox1-expressing precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis to physical activity, environmental enrichment, and kainic acid-induced seizures. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) affects the amyloid precursor protein-dependent stimulation of ERK signaling and adult neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
- The contribution of failing adult hippocampal neurogenesis to psychiatric disorders. (mdc-berlin.de)
Proliferation5
- On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)
- in the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. (edu.au)
- Several neurotrophic factors were detected in the pre-transfected hONPs which have potential roles in the maintenance, survival and proliferation of dopaminergic neurons. (scirp.org)
- Adaptive peripheral immune response increases proliferation of neural precursor cells in the adult hippocampus. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Reactive astrocytes have been shown to enhance tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasive capabilities, and resistance to chemotherapy [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiation7
- This article reviews recent advancements in biomaterial strategies for the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, and presents new data indicating appropriate properties for oligodendrocyte precursor cell growth. (karger.com)
- In some cases, an increase in oligodendrocyte differentiation alongside neurons is further highlighted for functional improvements where the biomaterial was then tested for increased myelination both in vitro and in vivo. (karger.com)
- Aizawa, Y., N.D. Leipzig, T. Zahira, M.S. Shoichet (2008) The effect of immobilized platelet derived growth factor AA on neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation on cell-adhesive hydrogels. (karger.com)
- PRNP ( PR io N P rotein) is the human gene encoding for the major prion protein PrP (for pr ion p rotein), also known as CD230 ( cluster of differentiation 230). (wikidoc.org)
- This study optimized conditions for the differentiation of hONPs towards dopaminergic neurons. (scirp.org)
- Expression of Cln8 in the developing and mature brain suggests roles for Cln8 in maturation, differentiation and supporting the survival of different neuronal populations. (biomedcentral.com)
- Synaptic network activity induces neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal precursor cells through BDNF signaling. (mdc-berlin.de)
Dysfunction5
- Xue Y, Li J, Yan L, Lu L, Liao FF 2015 Genetic variability to diet-induced hippocampal dysfunction in BXD recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains. (genenetwork.org)
- Particularly, in Huntington's disease (HD) mutant huntingtin (mHtt) toxicity involves disruption of the ER-associated degradation pathway and loss of the ER protein homeostasis leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. (bvsalud.org)
- Given the contribution of hippocampal dysfunction to emotional and cognitive deficits seen in HD, we have analyzed the involvement of ER stress in HD memory alterations. (bvsalud.org)
- The human phenotype is characterized by epilepsy, progressive psychomotor deterioration and visual loss, while motor neuron degeneration ( mnd ) mice with a Cln8 mutation show progressive motor neuron dysfunction and retinal degeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
- Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expanded CAG repeat (greater than 38) on the short arm of chromosome 4, resulting in loss and dysfunction of neurons in the neostriatum and cortex, leading to cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, and death, typically occurring 15 to 20 years after the onset of motor symptoms. (biomedcentral.com)
Neuroscience4
- Epigenetic modification of vomeronasal (V2r) precursor neurons by histone deacetylation Neuroscience . (neurotree.org)
- Frontier in Neuroscience 3(2):154-6. (genenetwork.org)
- European Journal of Neuroscience 29 (2): 244-252. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Neuroscience 154 (2): 521-529. (mdc-berlin.de)
Synaptic5
- For hippocampal synaptic determination, a rat entorhinal-hippocampus (EH) organotypic slice co-culture (OSC) was performed using day 3 post-IVH brains (P7) with or without ICV-MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
- The aim of our study was to identify molecular changes produced by prenatal exposure to WIN 55,212-2 that might contribute to late disruption in synaptic plasticity and cognition. (researchgate.net)
- We have previously shown that CB1R interacts with growth-associated protein of 43 kDa (GAP43) and that this interaction inhibits CB1R function on hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission, thereby impairing the therapeutic effect of cannabinoids on epileptic seizures in vivo. (bvsalud.org)
- Besides the role of the UPR in regulating cell survival and death, studies that demonstrate the contribution of sustained UPR activation, particularly of PERK signaling, in memory disturbances and synaptic plasticity deficiencies are emerging. (bvsalud.org)
- Reduced synaptic activity and dysregulated extracellular matrix pathways in midbrain neurons from Parkinson's disease patients. (uk-erlangen.de)
Dopaminergic4
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity and behavioral impairment in rodents. (researchgate.net)
- Previous analyses of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons from patients with Lewy-body pathology revealed a deficiency in nuclear-encoded genes for mitochondrial respiration, many of which are targets for the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor gamma ( Esrrg /ERRγ). (nature.com)
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the development of alpha-synuclein-containing aggregates called Lewy-bodies and Lewy-neurites 1 . (nature.com)
- In addition, upregulation of AEG-1 expression can protect nigral dopaminergic neurons from injury caused by aberrant apoptotic signaling pathways ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Glutamatergic3
- It has recently been demonstrated that prenatal exposure to the cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinyl-methyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN 55,212-2) produces memory deficit in adulthood, an effect associated with a reduced functionality of the glutamatergic system. (researchgate.net)
- In AST, AEG-1 causes glutamatergic excitotoxicity by downregulating the activity of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) promoter, leading to neuronal cell death in glioma-induced neurodegenerative disease ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- At cellular level, the telencephalon is populated by a large diversity of neurons, including glutamatergic projection neurons, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-ergic interneurons and projection neurons, as well as cholinergic interneurons and projection neurons. (intechopen.com)
Mice13
- We recently demonstrated that abrogating Sprouty2 function strongly inhibits intracranial tumor growth and leads to significantly prolonged survival of glioblastoma bearing mice by induction of ERK-dependent DNA replication stress. (springer.com)
- This will involve looking at mice we are making where we the gene for TGFbeta is knockout out in adult muscle and/or in the adult spinal cord (a tissue inducible knockout out of TGFbeta 2). (edu.au)
- The biological part of this project will involve making transgenic mice with test non-coding DNA linked to reporter constructs such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). (edu.au)
- A metabolomic study of brain tissues from aged mice with low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) gene. (neurotree.org)
- Differential gene expression in the striatum of mice with very low expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 gene. (neurotree.org)
- We demonstrate that deletion of ERRγ from DAergic neurons in adult mice was sufficient to cause a levodopa-responsive PD-like phenotype with reductions in mitochondrial gene expression and number, that partial deficiency of ERRγ hastens synuclein-mediated toxicity, and that ERRγ overexpression reduces inclusion load and delays synuclein-mediated cell loss. (nature.com)
- Altogether, these experiments suggest that ERRγ-deficient mice could provide a model for understanding the regulation of transcription in DAergic neurons and that amplifying ERRγ - mediated transcriptional programs should be considered as a strategy to promote DAergic maintenance in PD. (nature.com)
- Mutations in the CLN8 gene, encoding an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein of unknown function, underlie NCL phenotypes in humans and mice. (biomedcentral.com)
- The relevance of Cln8 up-regulation in hippocampal neurons of kindled mice should be further explored. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the bone-marrow of mice (BM MSCs), were labeled with Hoechst after low (3 to 8) or high (40 to 50) numbers of passages and then transplanted intrastriatally into 5-week-old R6/2 mice, which carries the N-terminal fragment of the human HD gene (145 to 155 repeats) and rapidly develops symptoms analogous to the human form of the disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- It was observed that the transplanted cells survived and the R6/2 mice displayed significant behavioral and morphological sparing compared to untreated R6/2 mice, with R6/2 mice receiving high passage BM MSCs displaying fewer deficits than those receiving low-passage BM MSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Melatonin modulates cell survival of new neurons in the hippocampus of adult mice. (mdc-berlin.de)
- Moreover, enhanced neuroinflammation was found in the hippocampus and cortex of IL-10 tm1/tm1 mice, accompanying with more GFAP-positive astrocytes and severe neuron loss in the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
BDNF5
- For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
- We found that exposure to WIN 55,212-2 significantly reduced BDNF levels in hippocampus and frontal cortex. (researchgate.net)
- In summary, the present data suggest that deficits of BDNF levels and signaling through ERK1/2 and alpha-CaMKII might contribute to cognitive and neuroplastic defects associated with prenatal exposure to cannabinoids. (researchgate.net)
- BDNF acts as a survival factor for human embryonic stem cells when plated on either feeder cells or Corning® Matrigel® (Pyle et al. (stemcell.com)
- BDNF, together with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and other supplements, is commonly used to differentiate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells into neurons (Brafman). (stemcell.com)
Tissue7
- Aurand, E.R., K.J. Lampe, K.B. Bjugstad (2012) Defining and designing polymers and hydrogels for neural tissue engineering. (karger.com)
- PrP Sc is a conformational isoform of PrP C , but this orientation tends to accumulate in compact, protease -resistant aggregates within neural tissue. (wikidoc.org)
- Laser-captured microdissected (LCM) DAergic neurons from postmortem tissue of patients with Lewy-pathology revealed a deficiency in expression for nuclear-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial respiration and function 12 . (nature.com)
- Since the seventies, numerous investigations have focused on trying to restore lost function by replacement of injured brain structures with homologous allogeneic embryonic neural tissue. (org.es)
- Intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves tissue perfusion in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
- Of the potential regenerative peptides identified as part of the TBI recovery efforts, thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) has been found to exhibit several interesting and promising benefits, including pro-survival and pro-angiogenic properties, protecting tissue against damage, and promoting tissue regeneration. (stemedix.com)
- Differential Expression of Interferon-Alpha Protein Provides Clues to Tissue Specificity Across Type I Interferonopathies. (muirmaxwellcentre.com)
Hippocampus3
- In particular, prenatal cannabinoid treatment reduced the phosphorylated levels of ERK1/2 in selected subcellular compartments of hippocampus, frontal and prefrontal cortex, whereas no changes were observed in the total levels of these proteins. (researchgate.net)
- Furthermore, a robust reduction of total and phospho-alpha-CaMKII was found in the hippocampus of rats prenatally exposed to WIN 55,212-2. (researchgate.net)
- In adult mouse hippocampus, Tbr2 protein and Tbr2-GFP (green fluorescent protein) transgene expression were specifically localized to intermediate-stage progenitor cells (IPCs), a type of transit amplifying cells. (jneurosci.org)
Differentiate1
- In response to morphogens, the hONPs differentiate along several neural lineages. (scirp.org)
Dorsal3
- Selective Involvement of a Subset of Spinal Dorsal Horn Neurons Operated by a Prodynorphin Promoter in Aβ Fiber-Mediated Neuropathic Allodynia-Like Behavioral Responses in Rats. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
- On P45 we found that retrogradely labelled neurons in the dorsal raphé dorsal, ventrolateral, interfascicular, caudal and ventral nuclei were lost after P3 HI. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
- Minocycline treatment (45 mg/kg 2 h post-HI, 22.5 mg/kg daily P4-P9) attenuated losses of retrogradely labelled neurons in the dorsal raphé ventrolateral, interfascicular and ventral raphé nuclei, and the ventromedial thalamus. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
Populations3
- As increased neuronal excitability correlates with structural changes in dendritic arbors and spines, we have examined longitudinal changes in dendritic structure in vulnerable neuron populations in a mouse model of familial ALS. (frontiersin.org)
- Furthermore, the fetal graft may produce trophic factors or signaling cues, which are present in the brain only at early developmental stages, and should reactivate neurotropic processes in a 'dormant' host neuron populations. (org.es)
- Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
Adult5
- Notch signaling is a cell-cell communication system well known as a master regulator of neural development, but also with important roles in the adult central nervous system. (mdpi.com)
- The biological role of TGFbeta 2 at adult synapses. (edu.au)
- Experiments were also conducted to assess the responses of Tbr2+ cells to neurogenic stimuli, with the goal of understanding how Tbr2+ IPCs contribute to neuron production in the adult DG. (jneurosci.org)
- Human adult olfactory epithelium contains neural progenitors (hONPs) which replace damaged cellular components throughout life. (scirp.org)
- To avoid some of these complications, use of adult, bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells have gained considerable interest. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway5
- E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate cellular protein composition by providing target recognition and specificity to the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation pathway 12 . (nature.com)
- Increased synthesis under pathological conditions makes Sprouty2 an attractive pharmacological target to enhance intracellular signaling activities, notably the ERK pathway, in affected neurons or activated astrocytes. (springer.com)
- Collectively, the present study provides insights into AEG‑1‑dependent gene regulation and signaling pathway transduction in neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In contrast, GAP43 blocked an alternative agonist-evoked CB1R-mediated activation of the cytoskeleton-associated ROCK signalling pathway, which relied on the GAP43-mediated impairment of CB1R/Gq/11 protein coupling. (bvsalud.org)
- Structure activity relationship of phenolic diterpenes from Salvia officinalis as activators of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 pathway. (wisc.edu)
Progenitors1
Mesenchymal stem3
- Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) have been shown to prevent brain damage and improve neurocognition following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). (biomedcentral.com)
- Although an effective treatment for HD has remained elusive, current studies using transplants of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells provides considerable promise. (biomedcentral.com)
- Possible role of intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a Toll-like receptor-7 agonist-induced experimental animal model in rat. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Endoplasmic reticulum2
- AEG-1 has been shown to localize to the cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleolus and nucleus in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
- Increasing evidence indicates that a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases is the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) caused by an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress). (bvsalud.org)
Brain8
- Despite the well-understood process of CUL3-mediated protein ubiquitination and degradation 12 , its target proteins in the developing central nervous system and its role in brain development remain utterly understudied. (nature.com)
- From development to aging and disease, the brain parenchyma is under the constant threat of debris accumulation, in the form of dead cells and protein aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
- Bakshi, A., C.A. Keck, V.S. Koshkin, D.G. LeBold, R. Siman, E.Y. Snyder, T.K. McIntosh (2005) Caspase-mediated cell death predominates following engraftment of neural progenitor cells into traumatically injured rat brain. (karger.com)
- Bible, E., D.Y. Chau, M.R. Alexander, J. Price, K.M. Shakesheff, M. Modo (2009) The support of neural stem cells transplanted into stroke-induced brain cavities by PLGA particles. (karger.com)
- Sexual Paradox in the Conscious Brain , 2003 with work on mirror neurons and sexual differences. (dhushara.com)
- These data indicate that human FOXP2 exerts a greater neurogenic effect, which is perhaps significant for the construction of the brain, including neural circuits involved in language processing. (comparative-cognition-and-behavior-reviews.org)
- They are critical regulators of brain development and perform many functions important for normal neuronal survival and growth, synapse formation, and proper propagation of action potentials [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- All higher brain functions including the integration and processing of sensory and motor information, the memory storage and retrieval, and the regulation of emotional and drive states take place at the telencephalic level. (intechopen.com)
Progenitor cell1
- Anderson, L. and Caldwell, M.A. (2007) Human neural progenitor cell transplants into the subthalamic nucleus lead to functional recovery in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. (scirp.org)
Striatal1
- Spine loss without dendritic changes was present in striatal neurons from disease onset. (frontiersin.org)
Amyotrophic lateral s2
- Motor neurons (MNs) die in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a clinically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. (frontiersin.org)
- By contrast, in neurons, downregulation of AEG-1 expression has been shown to reduce the viability of motor neurons in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), both in vivo and in vitro ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Parkinson's1
- Druggable transcriptomic pathways revealed in Parkinson's patient-derived midbrain neurons. (uk-erlangen.de)
Deficits2
- In mouse, constitutive Cul3 haploinsufficiency leads to motor coordination deficits as well as ASD-relevant social and cognitive impairments. (nature.com)
- Genetic reduction of GRP78 expression resulted in preventing hippocampal-dependent memory alterations but no motor deficits. (bvsalud.org)
Neuropathology1
- Accordingly, hippocampal neuropathology namely, dendritic spine loss and accumulation of mHtt aggregates was ameliorated by GRP78 reduction. (bvsalud.org)
Expression4
- AEG‑1 is associated with glutamate excitotoxicity due to its reported function of repressing excitatory amino acid transporter 2 expression in astrocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Expression of Cln8 mRNA in the central nervous system (CNS) was also analyzed in the hippocampal electrical kindling model of epilepsy, in which Cln8 expression was rapidly up-regulated in hippocampal pyramidal and granular neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
- Absence of Nrf2 or its selective over-expression in neuronal and muscle cells does not affect survival in ALS-linked mutant hSOD1 mouse models. (wisc.edu)
- Compared with their wild-type counterparts, IL-10 tm1/tm1 astrocytes exhibited higher expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondrial1
Signaling3
- Among them are the Sprouty proteins which mainly act as inhibitors of growth factor-dependent neuronal and glial signaling pathways. (springer.com)
- The nuclear membrane protein SUN1 stabilizes endothelial cell-cell junctions far from the nucleus via regulation of microtubule dynamics and Rho GEF-H1 signaling, revealing long-range cellular communication important for vascular development and function. (elifesciences.org)
- Ceramide generated in late endosomal compartments is recognized as a potent regulator of cell signaling, but its molecular interactions with late endosomal transmembrane proteins have not been studied in depth. (sphingolipidclub.com)
Cortex5
- Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by an expanded and unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat that results in a progressive degeneration of neurons, primarily in the putamen, caudate nucleus, and cerebral cortex. (biomedcentral.com)
- One possibility is that disrupted neural connections between the cortex and brainstem may compromise the survival of neuronal cell bodies in the brainstem. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
- We investigated Niclosamide whether brainstem raphé serotonergic neurons that project to the cortex are lost after HI. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
- A retrograde tracer, choleratoxin b, was deposited in the motor cortex on P38. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
- These results indicate that raphé neurons projecting to the cortex constitute a population of serotonergic neurons that are lost after P3 HI. (fgfrinhibitors.com)
MRNA2
- Tenascin-R mRNA was expressed by distinct neural cell types in the unlesioned olivocerebellar system. (researchgate.net)
- Simultaneous Visualization of Vasopressin and Oxytocin mRNA- Containing Neurons in the Hypothalamus Using Non-Radioactive in situ Hybridization Histochemistry. (neurotree.org)
Astrocytes2
- AEG-1 has differential regulatory effects on astrocytes (AST) and neurons. (spandidos-publications.com)
- By contrast, ischemia-induced A2 reactive astrocytes upregulated many neurotrophic factors, which promote survival and growth of neurons, as well as thrombospondins, which promote synapse repair. (biomedcentral.com)
Cells9
- Cells Tissues Organs (2016) 202 (1-2): 85-101. (karger.com)
- The regrowth of myelinating oligodendrocytes from neural stem cells through a biomaterials approach may prove to be a beneficial strategy following the onset of demyelination. (karger.com)
- Aguado, B.A., W. Mulyasasmita, J. Su, K.J. Lampe, S.C. Heilshorn (2012) Improving viability of stem cells during syringe needle flow through the design of hydrogel cell carriers. (karger.com)
- In particular, this project is aimed at looking at the signalling pathways that are activated when these growth factors activate their receptors, which are on these stem and tumor cells. (edu.au)
- TATA-box binding protein is not required for RNA Polymerase II transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
- In the cerebral isocortex the pyramidal cells of the deeper parts of lamina III are severely ballooned, and hippocampal region CA2 shows neuronal loss and neuronophagy [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Donor embryonic cells have a greater potential for axonal outgrowth and regeneration than mature host neurons (Chen et al. (org.es)
- Oligodendrocytes are key neural cells responsible for producing myelin sheaths that wrap around neuronal axons in the central nervous system [1] . (stemedix.com)
- S1P is generated intracellularly by two sphingosine kinases (SphK1, SphK2) and is exported out of cells by Spinster 2 (Spns2) to exert its effects through activation of five specific cell surface S1PRs in autocrine or paracrine manners. (sphingolipidclub.com)
Cytokines1
- Simultaneously detect the levels of these cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase proteins in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)
Nrf21
- Astrocyte-specific Overexpression of Nrf2 Delays Motor Pathology and Synuclein Aggregation throughout the CNS in the Alpha-synuclein Mutant (A53T) Mouse Model. (wisc.edu)
Pluripotent4
- This protocol facilitates the use of human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons for high content screening applications. (jove.com)
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons are increasingly relevant in the areas of basic research, drug development, and degenerative medicine. (jove.com)
- Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes as Scalable and Editable Source to Study Direct Lineage Reprogramming Into Induced Neurons', Cell Reprogram . (uk-erlangen.de)
- Transplantation of a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived airway epithelial cell sheet into the middle ear of rats. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Neurodegenerative disease2
- Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease produced by low levels of Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein that affects alpha motoneurons in the spinal cord. (mdpi.com)
- Considering that thymosin β4's (Tβ4) ability to promote neurological recovery in a range of neurological diseases has been well established, Chopp & Zhang (2015) propose oligodendrogenesis as the common link by which Tβ4 supports and promotes recovery after neural injury and neurodegenerative disease. (stemedix.com)
Regulation1
- PrP messenger RNA contains a pseudoknot structure ( prion pseudoknot ), which is thought to be involved in regulation of PrP protein translation . (wikidoc.org)
Target proteins1
- Samples are mixed with a cocktail of biotinylated detection antibodies (Step 1) and then incubated with the array membrane which is spotted in duplicate with capture antibodies to specific target proteins (Step 2) . (rndsystems.com)
Pathways1
- Specifically, GAP43 did not affect the archetypical agonist-evoked (i) CB1R/Gi/o protein-coupled signalling pathways, such as cAMP/PKA and ERK, or (ii) CB1R internalization and intracellular trafficking. (bvsalud.org)
Tissues2
- The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent material in many tissues, especially in neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
- The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) comprise a group of human neurodegenerative disorders (CLN1-CLN8) characterized by epilepsy, visual failure, psychomotor deterioration and accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment in many tissues, especially in neurons [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene2
- CUL3 ASD-associated genetic variants are most often de novo missense or loss of function (loF) mutations, dispersed throughout the entire gene and affecting distinct protein domains. (nature.com)
- The underlying pathology of HD is initiated when the gene that codes for the huntingtin (htt) protein, located on the short arm of chromosome 4, contains an increased number of CAG repeats [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Stimulation2
- 5) They should lack the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs (e.g. sedation, motor stimulation) and possess very few side effects and extremely low toxicity. (worldhealth.net)
- We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)
Regeneration1
- however, stem cell injection alone has been unsuccessful in many areas of neural regeneration. (karger.com)
Dendritic1
- Dendritic structure and spine alterations correlate with the neuro-motor phenotype in ALS and with cognitive and extra-motor symptoms seen in patients. (frontiersin.org)
Neurological1
- Many neurological pathologies are caused by malfunction of telencephalic neurons, as a result of neurodegenerative processes (e.g. (intechopen.com)
Synapses1
Demonstrate2
- We demonstrate the replating of neurons from large format dishes into HCS-compatible multi wells in a way that preserves their viability. (jove.com)
- We found that 48-72 hours after cardiac arrest, thalamocortical neurons demonstrate significantly elevated firing rates both during spontaneous activity and in response to whisker deflections. (cdc.gov)