• 20% of pediatric gliomas are high grade gliomas (HGGs) and include anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). (frontiersin.org)
  • Introduction: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain malignancy in adults, and currently available GBM treatments present several unique challenges. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme, is the most aggressive among infiltrative gliomas, a group of primary tumors arising from the central nervous system (CNS). (cancernetwork.com)
  • The term 'glioblastoma multiforme' was introduced in the 1926 classification system devised by Cushing and Bailey. (cancernetwork.com)
  • 1] 'Multiforme,' which refers to a heterogenous histologic appearance and proliferation of multiple cell types, was abandoned from the revised nomenclature in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, and is now simply called 'glioblastoma. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Cell biology of glioblastoma multiforme: from basic science to diagnosis and treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Diffuse spread through brain parenchyma and the presence of hypoxic foci rimmed by neoplastic cells are two cardinal features of glioblastoma, and low oxygen is thought to drive movement of malignant gliomas in the core of the lesions. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Downregulation of CDC2 could potentialy inhibit human gliomas cells growth ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To reveal the roles of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in human malignant gliomas, CDC2 in glioma cell line, it was down-regulated by retrovirus vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, a subgroup of lower-grade gliomas may carry molecular features and signatures similar to glioblastoma, with a similarly aggressive natural course,[4] for which an intensive treatment strategy is advocated. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is definitely mutated in the majority of low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas leading to formation of an oncometabolite causing SGX-523 cellular dedifferentiation14 15 However most glioblastomas communicate crazy type SGX-523 IDH114 suggesting potential alternative rules of metabolism. (biopaqc.com)
  • Functional analysis of HOXD9 in human gliomas and glioma cancer stem cells. (123dok.net)
  • Conclusions: Our results suggest that HOXD9 may be a novel marker of GCSCs and cell proliferation and/or survival factor in gliomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells, and a potential therapeutic target. (123dok.net)
  • Gliomas, especially glioblastomas (GBMs), are the most malignant primary brain tumors[1]. (123dok.net)
  • 8. Dahlrot R.H., Hermansen S.K., Hansen S., Kristensen B. W. What is the clinical value of cancer stem cell markers in gliomas? (elpub.ru)
  • As the most common malignant tumour of the central nervous system, gliomas (especially glioblastoma) have a very poor prognosis, and treatment efficacy is not ideal even with the application of high-intensity treatment measures of surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This factor has been shown to be regulated by COX-2 in breast carcinoma cells and recent studies suggest that Id1 may also be involved in the genesis/progression of gliomas. (oncotarget.com)
  • We take advantage of the similarity between neural developmental processes and cancer hierarchy to mitigate, if not completely abolish, the malignant nature of tumor cells and pave the way for new intervention strategies. (lu.se)
  • This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • The asymmetrically segregating lncRNA cherub is required for transforming stem cells into malignant cells. (unibas.ch)
  • Finally, GBM cells with COX-2 or Id1 overexpression show greater migration/invasive potential and tumors that arise from these cells also display increased microvessel density, results in line with the increased malignant potential seen in these cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Calebin-A induced death of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells by activation of histone acetyltransferase. (cancerindex.org)
  • Breast cancer Breast cancer Breast cancer is a disease characterized by malignant transformation of the epithelial cells of the breast. (lecturio.com)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • ZEB1 protein was also present in human fetal periventricular stem and progenitor cells and ZEB1 inhibition impaired migration of in vitro propagated human neural stem cells. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Glioblastomas are intrinsic brain tumors believed to originate from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • ID4 regulates neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • She returned to UCSF to conduct translational research, and apply her combined expertise in stem cells and signaling on the study of brain neoplasms and human stem and progenitor cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Dr. Petritsch is an expert in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and cancer stem cells, and her team's emphasis is on intra-tumoral heterogeneity, in vitro and in vivo cancer model development, and tumor-immune interactions. (stanford.edu)
  • Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
  • Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Tumor cell hierarchies are poorly understood, providing no explanation for why tumor cells with stem-like, progenitor-like, and differentiated features co-exist and interact with normal brain cells and immune-infiltrating cells within a single tumor entity, and how this heterogeneity relates to the lack of active immune infiltration. (stanford.edu)
  • Regular neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are functionally described by self-renewal and differentiation into relevant lineages7. (biopaqc.com)
  • Finally, we cultured human glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) from patient specimens found with high expression of HOXD9 in GCSCs compared with normal astrocyte cells and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). (123dok.net)
  • this metabolite can modify DNA methylation of normal neural and glial progenitor cells causing them to produce neoplastic glioma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Therefore, the therapeutic use of appropriate populations derived from stem and progenitor cells has been considered for cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, primarily Parkinson's disease, and brain injuries. (ehu.eus)
  • Lack of phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A, an enzyme that is involved in halting a cell's response to hormones and stops cells from dividing is implicated in rare adrenal tumor development. (hum-molgen.org)
  • Report shows how late-stage tumors can promote the development of 'suppressor' cells that prevent other immune cells from effectively fighting against the tumor. (hum-molgen.org)
  • It is known that GBM involves cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and tumor cells that aggressively invade normal brain tissues, and both cell types may cause resistance to radiotherapy (RT) and are thus responsible for therapeutic failure. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The radioresistance of GBM cells relies on the efficient activation of the DNA damage response (DDR), but the mechanisms linking this response with stem-cell status and tumor invasion remain unclear. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Glioblastoma is an aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. (cancernetwork.com)
  • We therefore work to gain an understanding of how brain cells control the fate of their progeny, whereby we unravel novel points of vulnerabilities in brain tumor cells, that could be exploited therapeutically. (stanford.edu)
  • It is known that brain tumor cells, on the other hand, defy many general principles of neurobiology. (stanford.edu)
  • Mind tumor initiating cells (BTICs) coopt the neuronal high affinity GLUT3 blood sugar transporter to withstand metabolic tension. (biopaqc.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) phosphorylated DRP1 to improve its activity in BTICs whereas Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent proteins kinase 2 (CAMK2) inhibited DRP1 in non-BTICs recommending tumor cell differentiation induces a regulatory change in mitochondrial morphology. (biopaqc.com)
  • While BTICs stay controversial because of unresolved problems over cell-of-origin and purification BTICs possess generated substantial curiosity because of their resistance to typical therapies evasion of anti-tumor immune system responses advertising of tumor angiogenesis and invasion into regular tissue8-11. (biopaqc.com)
  • While all tumor cells display dysregulation of metabolic pathways the differential growth patterns of BTICs suggest that these tumor subpopulations have metabolic features that distinguish them from your tumor bulk17-20. (biopaqc.com)
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial fission [e.g. mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1)] may ameliorate neurodegenerative diseases and reduce the cardiotoxicity of chemotherapy36 37 Here we interrogated the role of mitochondrial form and functional SGX-523 control within the cellular hierarchy of the most common primary intrinsic brain tumor glioblastoma using validated and well characterized. (biopaqc.com)
  • Using immunohistochemistry, we observed HOXD9 protein expression in human brain tumor tissues, including astrocytomas and glioblastomas. (123dok.net)
  • called either cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiat-ing cells[3]. (123dok.net)
  • Progress regarding our understanding of the biological drivers of ACP growth has been slowed by the relative rarity of the tumor and the recalcitrance of ACP cells to laboratory growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the understanding particularly in the characteristics of viruses and tumor cells, numerous innovative OVs have been engineered to conquer cancers, such as Talimogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) and tasadenoturev (DNX-2401). (biomedcentral.com)
  • OVT has its unique advantages and prospects, because oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and replicate in tumor cells and destroy them, while leaving healthy cells largely untouched [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With increasingly high therapeutic efficacy being achieved recent years and owing to the unique features such as specific tumor tropism, low cytotoxicity against normal cells, OVT has been inviting a great attention as an ideal weapon against cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, these non-engineered viruses sometimes inevitably infect and spread to normal tissues, indiscriminately killed both tumor and normal cells, causing a series of unpredicted side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By the genetic recombination the viruses were conferred with high specificity against tumor cells without targeting normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because healthy tissues are typically more resistant to the effects of radiation, tumor cells are killed while the surrounding tissue eventually recovers. (medscape.com)
  • Elevated COX-2 is associated with increased angiogenesis, tumor invasion and promotion of tumor cell resistance to apoptosis [ 5 - 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • In recent years, the evolution of the molecular biological technical background led to the widespread application of single-cell sequencing, a versatile tool particularly useful in the investigation of tumor heterogeneity. (por-journal.com)
  • Nowadays, with single-cell approaches, tumor heterogeneity, the tumor microenvironment, and the interplay between tumor cells and their surroundings can be described in unprecedented detail. (por-journal.com)
  • In this review article we aimed to emphasize the importance of single-cell analyses by presenting tumor heterogeneity and the limitations of conventional investigational approaches, followed by an overview of the whole single-cell analytic workflow from sample isolation to amplification, sequencing and bioinformatic analysis and a review of recent literature regarding the single-cell analysis of colorectal cancers. (por-journal.com)
  • Tumor heterogeneity means that neoplastic cells from the same tumor can genotypically, phenotypically, morphologically, or metabolically differ from each other. (por-journal.com)
  • There are two not mutually exclusive models explaining tumor heterogeneity: the cancer stem cell and the clonal evolution model. (por-journal.com)
  • In the former model, tumor cells are hierarchically organized: a portion of cells, called the "stem cells" retain their ability to proliferate, while their offspring "differentiate" into nonproliferating cells [ 3 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • Some of these cells have antitumoral behavior (NK cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + Th1 cells, and APCs), while others can promote tumor progression (CD4 + Th2 cells, regulatory T cells, and tumor-associated macrophages) [ 13 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
  • The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
  • In particular, the disturbance of connexin function during the multi-stage process of tumor development leads to abnormal reactions of tumor cells to stress stimuli. (edu.pl)
  • Benassi MS, Picci P, Krenacs T (2015) Prognostic impact of reduced connexin43 expression and gap junction coupling of neoplastic stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone. (edu.pl)
  • Microscopic examination of tumor Tumor Inflammation cells after surgery or biopsy Biopsy Removal and pathologic examination of specimens from the living body. (lecturio.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Combining some of these neoadjuvant approaches with standard-of-care chemotherapy or radiotherapy appears to "sensitize" tumor cells to treatment. (cancerbiomed.org)
  • In 2008 our lab was the first to report that tumor cells that acquired resistance to cetuximab exhibited dramatic up regulation of the EGFR, secondary to loss of ubiquitination, which led to enhanced signals to other EGFR family members (HER and HER3) that promoted proliferation and survival. (wisc.edu)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that ZA has anti-tumor and anti-metastatic properties for breast cancer cells. (blogspot.com)
  • Anaplastic astrocytomas, in particular, can later evolve into glioblastomas (called secondary glioblastomas). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Abnormalities in cell cycle regulation are reported to be strongly associated with tumorigenesis and progression of tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The splicing co-factor Barricade/Tat-SF1, is required for cell cycle and lineage progression in Drosophila neural stem cells. (unibas.ch)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • In this lecture, I will focus on several new roles of SphKs and Spns2 in regulation of immune cell trafficking, cancer progression, and pulmonary metastasis. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • PP2A is involved in diverse regulatory functions, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA repair. (cancerbiomed.org)
  • PP2A, a serine/threonine phosphatase composed of 3 distinct subunits-65-kDa PP2A-A (scaffold subunit), 55-kDa PP2A-B (regulatory subunit), and 37-kDa PP2A-C (catalytic subunit)-constitutes 0.2%-1.0% of the total protein content in mammalian cells and has been implicated in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, including signal transduction, cell cycle progression, DNA replication, gene transcription, and protein translation 5 - 8 . (cancerbiomed.org)
  • Studies carried out over the past three decades suggest that glioblastomas, like other cancers, arise secondary to the accumulation of genetic alterations. (bmj.com)
  • Like most cancers glioblastomas display derangement of rate of metabolism to promote a shift towards glycolysis known as the Warburg effect16. (biopaqc.com)
  • Cancers including glioblastomas have increased rates of mitochondrial fission26-32. (biopaqc.com)
  • Amazing combination of therapeutic strategies of OVs and immune cells confers immense potential for managing cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Resistance to drugs that target cancers cells is one of the most pressing problems in all of oncology. (wisc.edu)
  • In particular we use tightly integrated computational and experimental, multi-omic approaches to discover the processes underlying how cells behave (or misbehave) and accordingly how cancers develop and grow. (stanford.edu)
  • We think that defective cell fate decisions fuel the intra-humoral heterogeneity and plasticity that makes treatment of human brain tumors so challenging. (stanford.edu)
  • Defects in cell fate control could explain many key defects present in brain tumors Of special emphasis, we study the establishment of cell fates within normal hierarchical brain lineages for comparison to the dysregulated cell-fate hierarchies seen in brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
  • Both primary and secondary glioblastomas have distinct genetic characteristics, which can change as the tumors evolve. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Heterogeneity in solid tumors is not limited to the differences between neoplastic cancer cells. (por-journal.com)
  • Many tumors have been described to have marked immune cell infiltration. (por-journal.com)
  • Preclinical success has led to a profusion of clinical trials on LB100 adjuvant therapies, including a phase I trial in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer, a phase I/II trial in myelodysplastic syndrome, a phase II trial in recurrent glioblastoma, and a completed phase I trial assessing the safety of LB100 and docetaxel in various relapsed solid tumors. (cancerbiomed.org)
  • A hypoxic microenvironment leads to an increase in the invasiveness and the metastatic potential of cancer cells within tumors via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness acquisition. (blogspot.com)
  • ID4 was also shown to be involved in the regulation of cardiac mesoderm function in frog embryos and human embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tcf3 is an integral component of the core regulatory circuitry of embryonic stem cells // Genes & Development. (elpub.ru)
  • In particular, the advent of human embryonic stem cells followed by reprograming technologies for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells have instigated studies into modeling human brain development and disease by providing a means to simulate a human tissue otherwise completely or largely inaccessible to researchers. (ehu.eus)
  • Western Blotting was used to determine the level of expression of CDC2 protein as measure to quantify down regulation of CDC2 expression along with use of flow cytometry to investigate effect of shRNAs on cell cycles and detection of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CDC2 caused efficient deletion of CDC2, cellular G2/M arrest concluding in apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells U251 and SHG-44 cell lines ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. (123dok.net)
  • Homeobox proteins are master regulators of develop-ment and control many cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell shape, and cell migration. (123dok.net)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Classic anti-cancer strategies aimed at actively killing cancer cells include alkylating agents that generate crosslinks in DNA and trigger repair mechanisms to induce apoptosis, antimetabolites that severely disrupt nucleic acid synthesis, and alkaloids that interfere with microtubule polymerization/depolymerization and halt mitosis 2 . (cancerbiomed.org)
  • Exposure to BaP induced DNA damage directly, or oxidative stress-related damage, resulting in cell apoptosis and carcinogenesis in human respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • Glioblastomas screen stunning intertumoral heterogeneity in transcriptional applications and hereditary lesions2 3 but glioblastomas also phenocopy aberrant body organ systems with intratumoral heterogeneity inside the neoplastic area derived from hereditary and epigenetic pushes leading to mobile hierarchies with self-renewing BTICs on the apex4-6. (biopaqc.com)
  • The concept of heterogeneity has been around for several decades and gained attention in the 1990s when cancer stem cells were identified in acute myeloid leukemia [ 2 ]. (por-journal.com)
  • Bechyne I, Szpak K, Madeja Z, Czyz J (2011) Functional heterogeneity of non-small lung adenocarcinoma cell sub-populations. (edu.pl)
  • Therefore mitochondria fission may be related to stem cell biology beneficial for malignancy and harmful in normal mind. (biopaqc.com)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) has the highest malignancy rate and account for 50% of all brain tumours. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, COX-2 enhances the malignancy of GBM cells through induction of Id1. (oncotarget.com)
  • For childhood neoplasms, it is safe to assume that cancer is the product of degeneration in a neoplastic sense of tissues undergoing very rapid proliferation and differentiation, in which proliferative and differentiative programs are being disturbed by increasingly early (maternal-fetal) exposure to a growing number of environmental stressors and pollutants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results: In this study, we found high expression of the HOXD9 gene transcript in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. (123dok.net)
  • Invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer: epithelial- mesenchymal transition, mesenchymal- epithelial transition, stem cells and beta-catenin // Cells Tissues Organs. (elpub.ru)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cancerous cells are embedded into diverse tissues consisting of cancer-associated fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, vascular and lymphatic networks, and immune cells, among others. (por-journal.com)
  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activated by tumour cells, are the predominant type of stromal cells in cancer tissue and play an important role in interacting with neoplastic cells to promote cancer pro. (blogspot.com)
  • An Integrative Model of Cellular States, Plasticity, and Genetics for Glioblastoma. (nih.gov)
  • Poised chromatin at the ZEB1 promoter enables breast cancer cell plasticity and enhances tumorigenicity // Cell. (elpub.ru)
  • Neural plasticity, 2016. (uni-oldenburg.de)
  • DRP1 activation correlates with poor prognosis in glioblastoma recommending mitochondrial dynamics might signify a therapeutic focus on for BTICs. (biopaqc.com)
  • The prognosis of glioblastoma: a large, multifactorial study. (nih.gov)
  • While a few studies have attempted reprogramming of glioblastoma (GBM) cells toward a neuronal fate, this approach has not yet been used to induce differentiation into other lineages and in vivo data on reduction in tumorigenicity are limited. (lu.se)
  • Most importantly, forced differentiation substantially reduces tumorigenicity of GBM cells in an in vivo xenotransplantation model. (lu.se)
  • It is complexly involved in regulating neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation by inhibiting proliferation of differentiating neurons through enhancement of RB1-mediated pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism behind this is believed to be that ID4 regulates HOXA9 and CDKN1A genes, which are mediators of cell proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
  • 3. Effect of antioxidant molecules [(+) thioctic acid, (+/-) thioctic acid] and choline containing compounds on proliferation and differentiation neural cell culture. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • 5. Effect of alpha lipoic acid and choline-containing compounds, on the expression of some astroglial biomarkers during proliferation and differentiation of astrocyte cell cultures and neuroblastoma cell lines. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Since these glioblastomas often arise from a prior lower-grade glioma, they are considered secondary glioblastomas. (cancernetwork.com)
  • In the past, both primary and secondary glioblastomas were considered to be the same clinical entity. (cancernetwork.com)
  • As such, secondary glioblastomas are to be classified as a distinct biological and molecular entity for which different treatment strategies will ultimately be proposed. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Secondary glioblastomas typically have mutations in the IDH1 or IDH2 genes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Initially, two‐dimensional neural cultures presented an innovative landmark for investigating human neuronal and, more recently, glial biology, as well as for modeling brain neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. (ehu.eus)
  • An update on the molecular biology of glioblastoma, with clinical implications and progress in its treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Since then, with the evolution of the equipment and toolbox of molecular biology with methods such as single-cell next generation sequencing (NGS), the need for an even more detailed investigation of organisms at a single-cell level has emerged. (por-journal.com)
  • Transcription factors associated with epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been linked to this invasion, and we found that hypoxia increased in vitro invasion up to fourfold in glioblastoma neurosphere lines and induced the expression of ZEB1. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Targeting ZEB1 blocked hypoxia‐augmented invasion of glioblastoma cells in addition to slowing them in normoxia. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Its expression is seen in the neural tube much later than other ID genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell cycle is a complex process with myriad genes involved and elaborate and complex signaling mechanisms to allow for this critical cellular process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Up to 10% of patients with glioblastoma harbor a mutation in the IDH1 or IDH2 genes, an early event in gliomagenesis. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Background: HOX genes encode a family of homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the determination of cell fate and identity during embryonic development. (123dok.net)
  • Differentiated cells express typical glial markers and show a marked decrease in their proliferative state. (lu.se)
  • In glioma CSC (GCSC), the expression of some neural stem markers, such as SOX2 and Musa-shi-1, has been reported[6,7]. (123dok.net)
  • A molecular subtype of glioblastoma characterized by the expression of the neural markers NEFL, GABRA1, SYT1, and SLC12A5. (nih.gov)
  • The mechanisms for cell fate decisions in the human brain are largely unknown. (stanford.edu)
  • By using patient-derived cells from brain surgeries, we investigate cell fate decision mechanisms in the normal brain and in brain malignancies. (stanford.edu)
  • Antioxidant Mechanisms and ROS-Related MicroRNAs in Cancer Stem Cells // Oxidative Medicine and Cell Longevity. (elpub.ru)
  • Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of tumour cells from the perspective of tumour biogenesis has always been a hotspot in the field of glioma research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the regenerative process of the normal intestine and the identity of putative somatic intestinal stem cells have become clear. (mdpi.com)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Mitochondrial dynamics are tightly coordinated in association with the cell cycle and state with complex structural and practical interactions leading SGX-523 to fusion and fission of mitochondria to alter the balance of oxidative-phosphorylation get rid of damaged mitochondrial parts (e.g. mtDNA) SGX-523 and regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS)22. (biopaqc.com)
  • Mitochondria dynamic fusion and fission mediators have been closely linked to cell fate determination and development35. (biopaqc.com)
  • Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles in eukaryotic cell providing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A restricted cell population propagates glioblastoma growth after chemotherapy // Nature. (elpub.ru)
  • The induction of ZEB1 protein in hypoxic glioblastoma neurospheres could be partially blocked by the HIF1alpha inhibitor digoxin. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Heat shock protein 60 enhances CD4CD25 regulatory T cell function via innate TLR2 signaling. (hum-molgen.org)
  • This study also demonstrated that ID4 protein is involved in the regulating cardiac cell fate by a pathway which represses two inhibitors of cardiogenic mesoderm formation (TCF3 and FOXA2) whilst activating inducers (EVX1, GRRP1, and MESP1). (wikipedia.org)
  • Vimentin is a developmentally regulated intermediate filament protein (IFP) found in cells of mesenchymal origin. (thermofisher.com)
  • Whole cell extracts (30 µg lysate) of HeLa (Lane 1), SH-SY5Y (Lane 2), A549 (Lane 3), A-431 (Lane 4) were electrophoresed using NuPAGE™ 4-12% Bis-Tris Protein Gel (Product # NP0321BOX). (thermofisher.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immune-inhibitory protein expressed on cancer cells to mediate cancer escape through interaction with PD-1 expressed on activated T lymphocytes (T cells). (blogspot.com)
  • MSI1 knockdown also inhibits the formation of GBMs generated by irradiated xeno-transplanted cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • VEGF elicits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like cells via anautocrine loop // Experimental Cell Research. (elpub.ru)
  • In this scholarly study, we present proof that MAGI proteins, structural the different parts of AJC whose function continued to be unclear, regulate apical constriction of epithelial cells through the Par polarity proteins. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • We reveal that MAGIs must uniformly spread Partitioning faulty-3 (Par-3) at AJC of cells through the entire epithelial monolayer. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • By coupling the adhesion equipment towards the polarity proteins to modify mobile contractility, we suggest that MAGIs play important and central tasks in maintaining stable state intercellular pressure through the entire epithelial cell sheet. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • Therefore, we exposed the MAGIs are crucial regulators of Par polarity proteins that are central towards the rules of pressure distribution in epithelial cells homeostasis. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • Results Lack of ZO proteins highly perturbs Par-3 localization and alters apical morphology We previously demonstrated that depletion of ZO proteins in the mouse mammary epithelial cell range, EpH4, delays the forming of the contractile belt-like AJ18, recommending that ZO proteins are necessary for epithelial polarization. (aboutsciencenow.info)
  • Monoclonal antibody therapy has been developed over the past 30 years to target receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which sit on the outer membrane of cancerous cells. (wisc.edu)
  • 2. Birchmeier W., Behrens J. Cadherin expression in carcinomas: role in the formation of cell junctions and the prevention of invasiveness // Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (elpub.ru)
  • Rarely, astrocytomas contain astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This article reviews the key principles that drive the formulation of therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma. (bmj.com)
  • The best available evidence suggests that glioblastomas originate from cells that give rise to glial cells. (bmj.com)
  • GBM originate from poorly differentiated glial cells and have the characteristics of nuclear atypia, cellular polymorphism, and a high degree of mitotic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treated cells undergo a remarkable shift in structure, acquiring an astrocyte-like morphology with star-shaped bodies and radial branched processes. (lu.se)
  • 2] Glioblastoma is histologically defined by neoplastic cells with astrocytic characteristics and the presence of either endothelial proliferation-often in a glomeruloid morphology-and/or necrosis, which may resemble a pseudopalisading pattern (a false fence of neoplastic cells surrounding an area of necrotic tissue). (cancernetwork.com)
  • It was suggested that HOXD9 contributes to both cell proliferation and/or cell survival. (123dok.net)
  • Increased COX-2 expression directly correlates with glioma grade and is associated with shorter survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (lookformedical.com)
  • These receptors are responsible for activating key pathways in cancer cells that lead to their proliferation and survival. (wisc.edu)
  • It also opens a new way of thinking for biomedical scientists, whether RNA modification will be another important factor to regulate the biological development of neoplastic diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 12 Department of Neurosurgery and Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Since their discovery, stem cells have ushered in a new era in regenerative medicine. (ehu.eus)
  • Materials and methods: We used irradiation to treat patient-derived GBM (Par) cells and then purified radioresistant GBM (R2M2) cells through two rounds of irradiation and an invasion assay. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • AXL significantly promotes tumour cell migration, invasion and metastasis, as well as angiogenesis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeted against CDC2 were designed and transducted into human glioma cell line ex vivo in order to downregulate the expression of CDC2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain cancer and remains one of the most aggressive forms of human cancer. (bmj.com)
  • Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumour. (bmj.com)
  • The majority of glioblastomas are IDH wild-type and correspond to the longstanding clinical description of primary glioblastomas, which arise rapidly from non-neoplastic brain cells and progress quickly. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Glioblastomas can also develop de novo (called primary glioblastomas), usually in middle-aged or older people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In Krabbe's disease patient cells, GalCer is the primary lipid species accumulated, its de-N-acylated psychosine is also accumulated and psychosine was suggested as a cause of toxicity. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain cancer. (blogspot.com)
  • 1. Primary rat astroglial cells cultures. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Lyons VG, Payne NL, McCoy CE (2018) Optimization techniques for miRNA expression in low frequency immune cell populations. (hudson.org.au)
  • Analysis of this network shows that it recapitulates known features of the human immune system and can be used uncover novel multi-step immune pathways, examine species-specific differences in immune processes, and predict the response of immune cells to stimuli. (stanford.edu)
  • Direct cellular reprogramming has recently gained attention of cancer researchers for the possibility to convert undifferentiated cancer cells into more differentiated, postmitotic cell types. (lu.se)
  • To meet specific cellular demands of different cell types over time cellular biogenesis is definitely mediated through the dynamic mitochondrial fusion and fission. (biopaqc.com)
  • This gene may be involved in several cellular functions including growth, migration, aggregation and anti-inflammation in multiple cell types. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cellular stress responses are also regulated through the activity of unpaired connexons (hemichannels) and via the intracellular interference of connexins with the cell cycle and pro-apoptotic machinery. (edu.pl)
  • Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
  • When psychosine was supplied to proliferating cells, cells underwent special type of mitosis, endomitosis, which sustains cellular content duplication without segregation, resulted in the giant and multiploid cell formation. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • They therefore represent a more realistic cellular environment for modeling the cell biology and pathology of the nervous system. (ehu.eus)
  • Her postdoctoral studies on neural stem cells and asymmetric cell division in the Lab of Dr. Yuh Nung Jan at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and University of San Francisco, California implied for the first time a minus-end directed myosin in the process of cell fate determination. (stanford.edu)
  • During two years as an instructor and head of a research group in Munich, Germany, Dr. Petritsch and her team showed that cell fate determinants use a bimodal mechanism (diffusion and active capturing) for proper intracellular location. (stanford.edu)
  • Proper cell fate decisions by neuroglia stem cells are critical for growing the cell lineages that form the brain during development and to maintain adult brain homeostasis. (stanford.edu)
  • The HOXD9 gene was highly expressed in a side population (SP) of SK-MG-1 cells that was previously identified as an enriched-cell fraction of glioma cancer stem-like cells. (123dok.net)
  • Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 72. (unibas.ch)
  • Chollangi T, Clabault H, Thibeault A, Yong HE, Narula S, Menkhorst E, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C, Murthi P (2018) An electrical impedance-based assay to examine functions of various placental cell types in vitro. (hudson.org.au)
  • de Kretser DM, Stanton P, O'Donnell L (2018) Structure/Cells overview. (hudson.org.au)
  • COX-2 overexpression induces Id1 expression in two GBM cell lines suggesting a role for Id1 in glioma transformation/tumorigenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, we find direct evidence of a role for Id1 with significant suppression of in vitro transformation and in vivo tumorigenesis in COX-2-overexpressing GBM cells where Id1 has been knocked down. (oncotarget.com)
  • In fact, Id1 is even more efficient at enhancing transformation/tumorigenesis of GBM cells than COX-2. (oncotarget.com)