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Spiral GanglionCochleaCochlear NerveDeafnessOrgan of CortiTomography, Spiral ComputedEvoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain StemGangliaHair Cells, AuditoryLabyrinth Supporting CellsPresbycusisRetinal Ganglion CellsNeurotrophin 3Ganglia, SpinalHair Cells, Auditory, InnerBasal GangliaGanglia, SympatheticStria VascularisRound Window, EarGanglia, AutonomicCochlear ImplantsCochlear DuctHearingNeuronsHearing LossTrigeminal GanglionBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorEar, InnerHearing Loss, SensorineuralCochlear DiseasesAuditory ThresholdGanglia, ParasympatheticCochlear ImplantationSpiral Ligament of CochleaGanglia, SensoryNeuritesHair Cells, Auditory, OuterNerve DegenerationHearing Loss, CentralAnimals, NewbornScala TympaniTemporal BoneGuinea PigsMice, Inbred CBANeurons, AfferentNerve Growth FactorsStellate GanglionAuditory PathwaysAction PotentialsNodose GanglionAcoustic StimulationCell SurvivalNeurons, EfferentCochlear NucleusHearing Loss, Noise-InducedVestibulocochlear Nerve DiseasesKanamycinVestibule, LabyrinthNeomycinCochlear Microphonic PotentialsGanglia, InvertebrateCatsImmunohistochemistryGerbillinaeElectric StimulationSuperior Cervical GanglionSensory Receptor CellsSchwann CellsNerve Tissue ProteinsNerve RegenerationElectrophysiological PhenomenaBasal Ganglia DiseasesCell CountCells, CulturedAudiometry, Pure-ToneDisease Models, AnimalInferior ColliculiTinnitusOtoacoustic Emissions, SpontaneousSpiral LaminaNeurogenesis
NeuronsPeripheral nervouDorsal root ganVestibular ganglionCochlearAutonomic gangliaBasalNeuronGeniculateCervicalPosterior rootCranial nervesVestibulocochlearFacial nerveAnatomyUnipolarParasympatheticSympathetic chainNervesNeuralPathwayOuter hair cellsBodiesSuperficialCellsAuditory systemOrbitSystemAbdominalEnlargementOrganSpinal cordOrgansJunctionType
Neurons22
  • Neurons whose cell bodies lie in the spiral ganglion are strung along the bony core of the cochlea, and send fibers (axons) into the central nervous system (CNS). (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of neurons in the spiral ganglion is estimated to be about 35,000-50,000. (wikipedia.org)
  • The axons of neurons in the spiral ganglion travel to the brainstem, forming the cochlear nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, TMT preferentially damaged auditory nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons in a dose-dependent manner, but had no noticeable effects on the sensory hair cells at the doses employed. (cdc.gov)
  • Sound detected by a single auditory hair cell is relayed by 10-30 type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), the primary sensory neurons of the auditory system, to the central nervous system. (hopkinsyidp.org)
  • A ganglion of postganglionic autonomic neurons in the peripheral nervous system that are surrounded by a capsule of loose connective tissue. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Dendrites of the neurons can be limited to the neuropil inside the ganglion, or they can pierce the capsule and extend into the surrounding regions. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Any of the ganglia of autonomic (mainly postganglionic parasympathetic) neurons clumped in the superficial and deep cardiac plexuses. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Microscopically, the peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion neurons look identical to axons. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Complexins were not detectable in cochlear hair cells but CPX I was expressed in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) that give rise to the auditory nerve. (le.ac.uk)
  • Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized aggregations of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules surrounding specific neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to neurons and glia, the extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a fundamental, non-cellular component of the nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, the fibrous region is composed of the axons of these neurons that are passing through the ganglion to be part of the dorsal nerve root (tissue source: canine). (lumenlearning.com)
  • These ganglia are the cell bodies of neurons with axons that are sensory endings in the periphery, such as in the skin, and that extend into the CNS through the dorsal nerve root. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The neurons of cranial nerve ganglia are also unipolar in shape with associated satellite cells. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The neurons of these autonomic ganglia are multipolar in shape, with dendrites radiating out around the cell body where synapses from the spinal cord neurons are made. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The neurons of the chain, paravertebral, and prevertebral ganglia then project to organs in the head and neck, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities to regulate the sympathetic aspect of homeostatic mechanisms. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The activation of ligand-gated ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled metabotropic P2Y receptors has been reported to induce an increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in inner hair cells (IHCs), outer hair cells (OHCs), spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), and supporting cells in the cochlea. (sagepub.com)
  • For decades, we have presumed the death of hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the main cause of hearing loss and difficulties understanding speech in noise, but new findings suggest synapse loss may be the key contributor. (omeka.net)
  • NC cells differentiate to form a broad array of derivatives, including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, smooth muscle, cartilage, craniofacial mesenchyme, and melanocytes ( Mayor and Theveneau, 2013 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Illustration showing that almost all neurons in the vestibular and acoustic ganglia are derived from the otocyst as placodal neurons. (medscape.com)
  • The neurons of the spiral ganglion are the first of 4 order neurons between the cochlea and the cerebrum. (medscape.com)
Peripheral nervou2
  • A primary axonal disease affecting the central and peripheral nervous system was discovered in a mutant strain of the Japanese quail, named quiver (Quv). (omeka.net)
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) alterations were characterised using standard morphological techniques, including nerve fibre teasing and transmission electron microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
Dorsal root gan3
  • The cells of the dorsal root ganglion are unipolar cells, classifying them by shape. (lumenlearning.com)
  • This is analogous to the dorsal root ganglion, except that it is associated with a cranial nerve instead of a spinal nerve . (lumenlearning.com)
  • The slide includes both a cross-section of the lumbar spinal cord and a section of the dorsal root ganglion (see also Figure 1) (tissue source: canine). (lumenlearning.com)
Vestibular ganglion3
  • The ganglion gradually splits into two parts, the vestibular ganglion and the spiral ganglion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence suggests that the virus may attack the spiral and vestibular ganglion in addition to the cochlear and vestibular nerves. (medscape.com)
  • The Scarpa (vestibular) ganglion lies approximately in the middle of the IAC. (medscape.com)
Cochlear6
  • The spiral (cochlear) ganglion is a group of neuron cell bodies in the modiolus, the conical central axis of the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The rudiment of the cochlear nerve appears about the end of the third week as a group of ganglion cells closely applied to the cephalic edge of the auditory vesicle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The labyrinth maintains connections with the central nervous system (CNS) and subarachnoid space by way of the internal auditory canal and cochlear aqueduct. (medscape.com)
  • Title: Pou3f4-Expressing Otic Mesenchyme Cells: A Novel Influence For Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neuron Survival. (georgetown.edu)
  • The vestibular and cochlear (acoustic) ganglia neuroblasts are derived almost exclusively from the otocyst epithelium, in contrast to other cranial sensory ganglia in which both ganglionic and neural crest placodes make extensive contributions to the neuroblast populations. (medscape.com)
  • The fibers of the cochlear nerve originate from an aggregation of nerve cell bodies in the spiral ganglion, located in the modiolus of the cochlea. (medscape.com)
Autonomic ganglia6
  • Either of the paired prevertebral autonomic ganglia in the nerve plexus surrounding the aortic roots of the renal arteries. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The autonomic ganglia develop from the neural crest during embryonic development. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Either of a pair of connected prevertebral autonomic ganglia in the celiac plexus. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Ganglia can be categorized, for the most part, as either sensory ganglia or autonomic ganglia, referring to their primary functions. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Three other autonomic ganglia that are related to the sympathetic chain are the prevertebral ganglia , which are located outside of the chain but have similar functions. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Another group of autonomic ganglia are the terminal ganglia that receive input from cranial nerves or sacral spinal nerves and are responsible for regulating the parasympathetic aspect of homeostatic mechanisms. (lumenlearning.com)
Basal5
  • We first advance the idea of interpreting the basal ganglia output as a probability distribution function for action selection. (humphries-lab.org)
  • Using computational models of the full basal ganglia circuit, we showed that, under this interpretation, the actions of dopamine within the striatum change the basal ganglia's output to favour the level of exploration or exploitation encoded in the probability distribution. (humphries-lab.org)
  • We also found that our models predict striatal dopamine controls the exploration-exploitation trade-off if we instead read out the probability distribution from the target nuclei of the basal ganglia, where their inhibitory input shapes the cortical input to these nuclei. (humphries-lab.org)
  • Finally, by integrating the basal ganglia within a reinforcement learning model, we showed how dopamine's effect on the exploration-exploitation trade-off could be measurable in a forced two-choice task. (humphries-lab.org)
  • Habits create a neural pathway, in the basal ganglia of the mid brain, which becomes the easiest (least energy requiring behaviour) to get the action done , eliminating the thinking through of options in the prefrontal cortex. (greathealthguide.com.au)
Neuron1
Geniculate5
  • Geniculate ganglion. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Geniculate Ganglion" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
  • The geniculate ganglion cells send central processes to the brain stem and peripheral processes to the taste buds in the anterior tongue, the soft palate, and the skin of the external auditory meatus and the mastoid process. (ucdenver.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Geniculate Ganglion" by people in this website by year, and whether "Geniculate Ganglion" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Geniculate Ganglion" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)
Cervical1
Posterior root1
  • The most common type of sensory ganglion is a dorsal (posterior) root ganglion . (lumenlearning.com)
Cranial nerves2
  • The roots of cranial nerves are within the cranium, whereas the ganglia are outside the skull. (lumenlearning.com)
  • The terminal ganglia that receive input from cranial nerves are found in the head and neck, as well as the thoracic and upper abdominal cavities, whereas the terminal ganglia that receive sacral input are in the lower abdominal and pelvic cavities. (lumenlearning.com)
Vestibulocochlear2
  • Embryologically, the vestibulocochlear (acousticovestibular) ganglion initially develops fused with the VIIth nerve (facial) ganglion. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, all the supporting and Schwann cells are derived from neural crest cells, possibly from the VIIth nerve ganglion to which the vestibulocochlear ganglion is initially attached. (medscape.com)
Facial nerve1
  • However, supporting Schwann and satellite cells, as in all cranial ganglia, are entirely of neural crest origin, apparently arising from the ganglion of the facial nerve (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Anatomy2
  • Short introduction to the functional anatomy of the nervous system. (polimi.it)
  • In describing the anatomy of the PNS, it is necessary to describe the common structures, the nerves and the ganglia, as they are found in various parts of the body. (lumenlearning.com)
Unipolar1
  • A roughly spherical ganglion of unipolar neuronal cell bodies in the posterior roots of each spinal nerve near the intervertebral foramina. (unboundmedicine.com)
Parasympathetic6
  • 1. Either of two types of groups of nerve cells (sympathetic ganglion, parasympathetic ganglion) in the autonomic nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • These ganglia are a meshwork of visceral afferent, sympathetic, and parasympathetic axons that coat the lower part of the trachea, its bifurcation, the aorta, the pulmonary trunk, and the coronary arteries. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Any of the four parasympathetic ganglia (ciliary ganglion, otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, submandibular ganglion) of the head. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This ganglion receives preganglionic parasympathetic axons from the midbrain via the oculomotor nerve (CN III). (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The other major category of ganglia are those of the autonomic nervous system, which is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. (lumenlearning.com)
  • These two sets of ganglia, sympathetic and parasympathetic, often project to the same organs-one input from the chain ganglia and one input from a terminal ganglion-to regulate the overall function of an organ. (lumenlearning.com)
Sympathetic chain1
  • The sympathetic chain ganglia constitute a row of ganglia along the vertebral column that receive central input from the lateral horn of the thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord. (lumenlearning.com)
Nerves1
Neural2
  • Dorsal root ganglia develop from neural crest cells during embryonic development. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • If Johnston's view is correct, the neural crest in the mesencephalic region must have been drawn into the neural tube during development and given rise to this sensory nucleus of origin (not a terminal nucleus) within the central nervous system. (co.ma)
Pathway2
  • What is interesting is that when the habit has been actioned, dopamine gets released, which reinforces the pathway, creating a self-fulfilling spiral of activity over time. (greathealthguide.com.au)
  • The ascending pathway transmits impulses from the spiral organ (of Corti) to the cerebral cortex (see the following image). (medscape.com)
Outer hair cells1
  • In addition, outer hair cells form reciprocal synapses onto Type II spiral ganglion cells, suggesting that the Type II cells have both afferent and efferent roles. (wikipedia.org)
Bodies1
  • An enlargement on a nerve that does not contain neuronal cell bodies and is therefore not a true ganglion. (unboundmedicine.com)
Superficial1
Cells4
Auditory system1
  • Trimethyltin (TMT), which has a variety of applications in industry and agricultur al, is a neurotoxin that is known to affect the auditory system as well as central nervous system of humans and experimental animals. (cdc.gov)
Orbit2
  • A small autonomic ganglion lying on the outside of the optic nerve in the rear portion of the orbit. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Evoking locomotion moved the population into a low-dimensional, periodic, decaying orbit - a spiral - in which it behaved as a true attractor, converging to the same orbit when evoked, and returning to that orbit after transient perturbation. (humphries-lab.org)
System8
  • Any of several ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • their central processes follow the dorsal roots into the central nervous system and synapse in sensory areas. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Little is understood about the pathogenesis of this infection because suitable models of central nervous system (CNS) infection are lacking. (grantome.com)
  • Complexins (CPXs I-IV) presumably act as regulators of the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex, but their function in the intact mammalian nervous system is not well established. (le.ac.uk)
  • Vitamin B1, or thiamine, is one of the most relevant vitamins in obtaining energy for the nervous system. (mdpi.com)
  • these structures are known as the enteric nervous system and are a special subset of the PNS. (lumenlearning.com)
  • regulating your nervous system. (greathealthguide.com.au)
  • Current status of purinergic signalling in the nervous system. (sagepub.com)
Abdominal1
  • They are in the mesenteric nervous plexuses near the abdominal aorta and include the celiac and mesenteric ganglia. (unboundmedicine.com)
Enlargement1
Organ2
  • Terminal ganglia below the head and neck are often incorporated into the wall of the target organ as a plexus . (lumenlearning.com)
  • At this point, they become demyelinated to enter the spiral organ (of Corti). (medscape.com)
Spinal cord1
Organs1
  • This is illustrated for instance in the development of embryos and organs, and in the function of the immune and nervous systems. (centuri-livingsystems.org)
Junction1
  • A ganglion located in the coccygeal plexus and found at the inferior junction of the sympathetic trunks. (unboundmedicine.com)
Type1