AnatomyDiseasesInformation Science
Orbital PseudotumorOrbitGranuloma, Plasma CellPseudotumor CerebriOrbital DiseasesOrbital NeoplasmsTrochlear Nerve DiseasesOculomotor MusclesTrochlear NerveEncyclopedias as TopicDiplopiaOphthalmoplegiaTendons
Extraocular musclesCranial nervesTumorsAbscessInflammationIdiopathicInfectionsOrbitProptosisLesionsOptic nervesBenignCellulitisAdnexalTrigeminal nerveThyroid eye disInflammatoryDiagnosisDecompressionEdemaPosteriorTrochlearApexSystemicProgressesAdjacent structuresEyelidsSuperiorFacialDescribeMagneticAbsenceConditionsLossRegion
Extraocular muscles3
  • An MRI of the orbits captures high-resolution images of the eye socket, including the eyeball, optic nerves, extraocular muscles, lacrimal glands, and surrounding tissues. (medicalert.systems)
  • The extraocular muscles also originate through the orbital apex. (healthncare.info)
  • The MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is utilized to scan the orbits to examine for enlargement or enhancement of extraocular muscles and orbital structures, or an orbital CT scan, which is likely a more widely available second-line alternative is used for the diagnosis. (healthncare.info)
Cranial nerves1
  • These symptoms result due to the involvement of the optic and cranial nerves simultaneously. (healthncare.info)
Tumors3
  • 1. Orbital tumors: MRI can detect and characterize both benign and malignant tumors in the eye socket, helping determine their size, location, and involvement of adjacent structures. (medicalert.systems)
  • 5. Lacrimal gland disorders: MRI can help diagnose and assess the involvement of the lacrimal glands in conditions like dacryoadenitis or lacrimal gland tumors. (medicalert.systems)
  • Orbital Apex Syndrome is caused by various infections, inflammations, and tumors and the severity differs according to the origin of the disease. (healthncare.info)
Abscess4
  • In sinonasal-related orbital infection, posterior septal complications can be especially dangerous in children, in that they may lead to loss of vision (due to optic neuritis or orbital nerve ischemia) and even become life-threatening (eg, intracranial abscess and cavernous sinus thrombosis ). (medscape.com)
  • Coronal computed tomography scan in a pediatric patient with sinusitis as well as an orbital and subperiosteal abscess. (medscape.com)
  • Axial computed tomography scan in a patient with an infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and a superior orbital subperiosteal abscess that resulted in blindness. (medscape.com)
  • Ophthalmic or endoscopic intervention may be required in the case of an orbital or subperiosteal abscess, depending on the severity of the infection. (healthncare.info)
Inflammation5
  • Previously, the trochleitis syndrome had been included in the broad category of idiopathic orbital inflammation (also called orbital pseudotumor). (wikipedia.org)
  • From the study, Tychsen and his group surmised that trochleitis was a subtype of idiopathic orbital inflammation distinct from the larger category in that it produced little/ no discernible ocular signs (the eye looked normal) and did not cause restricted extraocular movement. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2. Optic nerve abnormalities: It can identify optic nerve compression or inflammation, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions like optic neuritis, optic nerve glioma, or compressive optic neuropathy. (medicalert.systems)
  • 3. Orbital inflammation: MRI can detect and evaluate the extent of orbital inflammation, such as orbital cellulitis or orbital pseudotumor. (medicalert.systems)
  • PURPOSE: In humans, idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is a diagnosis attributed to benign, inflammatory orbital conditions without identifiable local or systemic cause. (bvsalud.org)
Idiopathic1
  • Pseudotumor cerebri (also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension) is a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without a discernable cause. (aetna.com)
Infections4
  • When discussing orbital infections , understanding the clinical differences between an ocular versus an orbital infection is important. (medscape.com)
  • Although the orbital complications of sinus infections are usually classified as orbital cellulitis , treatment of this disease requires a more complete description. (medscape.com)
  • The orbital apex syndrome can result from bacterial orbital cellulitis, viral infections, and fungal sinusitis. (healthncare.info)
  • The fungal infections that result in orbital apex syndrome are due to Mucormycosis or aspergillosis fungus. (healthncare.info)
Orbit6
  • 4. Orbital fractures: It can assess the presence and extent of fractures in the bony structures of the orbit, guiding the management of traumatic eye injuries. (medicalert.systems)
  • The orbital apex is the point where the orbit connects with the skull at the craniofacial junction. (healthncare.info)
  • This is where nerves and blood vessels leave the intracranial compartment and enter the orbit through several bone holes. (healthncare.info)
  • The imaging of the orbit is used to determine the diagnosis of orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • Signs and symptoms relating to orbital metastasis are usually noted late in the disease progression, and treatment generally consists of local radiotherapy to the orbit [ 6 ] in addition to treatment of the primary cancer, which in this case of ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast required hormonal therapy only. (oaepublish.com)
  • A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed increased abnormal soft tissue enhancement in the superior aspect of the orbit, with involvement of superior and medial rectus muscles. (oaepublish.com)
Proptosis1
  • Its clinical manifestations have tremendous clinical heterogeneity and vary according to the site of infiltration and the degree of lesions, including orbital pain, swelling, diplopia, proptosis, restricted eye movement, and decreased visual acuity. (bvsalud.org)
Lesions1
  • Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified heterogeneous space-occupying, contrast-enhancing orbital lesions in all cases. (bvsalud.org)
Optic nerves1
  • Orbital apex syndrome is a condition in which the cranial and optic nerves are involved and they do not work properly. (healthncare.info)
Benign1
  • Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (OIP) is a benign, non-specific inflammatory disorder that commonly occurs in middle-aged adults and is usually unilateral but can occur bilaterally. (bvsalud.org)
Cellulitis2
  • Orbital cellulitis is rare but potentially severe in children. (medscape.com)
  • Axial computed tomography scan of orbital and facial cellulitis. (medscape.com)
Adnexal4
  • Depending on the site of involvement, ocular lymphoma can be intraocular, and adnexal. (medscape.com)
  • Orbital and adnexal lymphoma is associated with systemic lymphoma in 30-35% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • The median age at presentation for orbital and adnexal lymphoma is older than 60 years. (medscape.com)
  • As the disease progresses the mild orbital congestion and adnexal edema become more destructive. (healthncare.info)
Trigeminal nerve2
  • Abnormal enhancement can be noted along the course of the cisternal segment of the left trigeminal nerve, associated with restricted diffusion, with increased fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal along the left lateral pons. (medscape.com)
  • This manifestation is due to the involvement of the maxillary tier of the trigeminal nerve. (healthncare.info)
Thyroid eye dis1
  • 7. Thyroid eye disease: It is useful in evaluating the extent of involvement of the orbital tissues in patients with thyroid eye disease, assisting in treatment planning. (medicalert.systems)
Inflammatory1
Diagnosis3
  • The diagnosis of the disease becomes easy due to this feature of the orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • The initial diagnosis was that of a partial third cranial nerve palsy. (oaepublish.com)
  • We strongly recommend considering the diagnosis of GO with elevated IgG4 in patients with an established diagnosis of GD, elevated serum IgG4 levels, and clinical features of ophthalmic disease overlapping with those of IgG4-related orbital disease. (hindawi.com)
Decompression6
  • Optic nerve decompression surgery (also known as optic nerve sheath decompression surgery) involves cutting slits or a window in the optic nerve sheath to allow cerebrospinal fluid to escape, thereby reducing the pressure around the optic nerve. (aetna.com)
  • Initial results of uncontrolled studies suggested that optic nerve sheath decompression was a promising treatment of progressive visual loss in patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
  • To resolve the controversy over the effectiveness of optic nerve decompression for NAION, the National Eye Institute sponsored the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial, a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of optic nerve decompression surgery for patients with NAION. (aetna.com)
  • The investigators concluded that optic nerve decompression surgery is not an effective treatment for NAION, and in fact, may increase the risk of progressive visual loss in NAION patients. (aetna.com)
  • A structured evidence review (Dickersin and Manheimer, 2002) concluded that "[r]esults from the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Decompression Trial indicate that optic nerve decompression surgery for nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy is not effective. (aetna.com)
  • A Cochrane review (Dickersin et al, 2012) concluded that results from the single trial indicate no evidence of a beneficial effect of optic nerve decompression surgery for NAION. (aetna.com)
Edema1
  • There is no direct treatment for NAION, although corticosteroids are sometimes used to reduce optic nerve edema. (aetna.com)
Posterior1
  • It is caused by infarction of the short posterior ciliary arteries supplying the anterior optic nerve. (aetna.com)
Trochlear2
  • in a study of thirteen patients with orbital pain and point tenderness over the trochlear region. (wikipedia.org)
  • The symptom of ophthalmoplegia exists within the patient due to the involvement of trochlear, oculomotor, and abducens nerves with differing compositions. (healthncare.info)
Apex7
  • The inclusion of ocular motor nerves in the anatomical zone of the orbital apex causes ophthalmoplegia and visual loss which leads to orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • Patients with orbital apex syndrome mostly complain about hypoesthesia of the forehead and afferent pupillary deficit. (healthncare.info)
  • The only difference between the orbital apex diseases such as OPS, CSS (Cavernous sinus syndrome), and SOFS (Superior orbital fissure syndrome) is the involvement of the optic nerve. (healthncare.info)
  • Due to this, orbital apex syndrome is considered different from the other two diseases. (healthncare.info)
  • Thus, this feature of orbital apex syndrome is considered a distinguishing characteristic. (healthncare.info)
  • From the above-mentioned symptoms, the loss of vision is the most common complaint of patients with orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan further revealed an abnormal infiltrating lesion at the orbital apex encasing the optic nerve and involving all four rectus muscles [ Figures 1 and 2 ]. (oaepublish.com)
Systemic2
  • Treatment goals are aimed at controlling the systemic vascular disease (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis) or collagen vascular disease that precipitated NAION in hopes of preventing or delaying bilateral involvement. (aetna.com)
  • proposed the term "IgG4-related autoimmune disease" as a systemic disease with multiorgan involvement [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Progresses1
  • Diamox, Lasix, corticosteroids), and disc swelling with visual field loss progresses, direct fenestration of the optic nerve sheaths via medial or lateral orbitotomy has been shown to be an effective and relatively simple procedure for relief of papilledema. (aetna.com)
Adjacent structures2
  • The fibrotic process invades adjacent structures of the neck and extends beyond the thyroid capsule. (medscape.com)
  • 1] Riedel used the term eisenharte struma to describe the stone-hard consistency of the thyroid gland and its fixation to adjacent structures. (medscape.com)
Eyelids2
  • The involvement of the eyelids and the face is commonly seen in children whereas the involvement of the groin area is seen in adults. (eyeplastics.com)
  • The involvement of the eyelids is more often seen in children and usually resolves by itself. (eyeplastics.com)
Superior1
Facial1
Describe1
Magnetic1
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the orbits is a diagnostic procedure that provides detailed images of the structures within the eye socket. (medicalert.systems)
Absence1
  • The absence of generalized signs of orbital involvement is helpful in eliminating other more common causes of periorbital pain. (wikipedia.org)
Conditions1
  • It is a valuable tool for the evaluation of various eye conditions and can offer valuable insights into the health of the ocular structures. (medicalert.systems)
Loss1
  • Visual loss secondary to optic nerve drusen. (aetna.com)
Region1
  • However, great care must be taken as the injection is in the region of several arteries, veins and nerves. (wikipedia.org)