• Neopterin, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress: What Could We Be Missing? (mdpi.com)
  • Neopterin has been extensively used as a clinical marker of immune activation during inflammation in a wide range of conditions and stresses. (mdpi.com)
  • Deterioration of the BBB is most likely multifactorial, with contributing factors including secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and viral proteins from infected cells, as well as direct invasion of the cells of the neurovascular unit especially pericytes and perivascular macrophages by HIV [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV infection in the CNS can be detected and monitored by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral load measurements. (medscape.com)
  • However, the analysis of neopterin alone neglects the cellular reactions that generate it in response to interferon-γ. (mdpi.com)
  • One of the most explored areas of research in ALS is the discovery and validation of biomarkers that can be applied to clinical practice and incorporated into the development of innovative therapies. (mdpi.com)