• Although researchers have learned much from the study of this diverse group of tumors over the years, the diagnosis and treatment of salivary gland neoplasms remain complex and challenging problems for the head and neck surgeon. (medscape.com)
  • Some common salivary gland neoplasms are listed in the table below. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms make up 6% of all head and neck tumors. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The incidence of salivary gland neoplasms as a whole is approximately 5.5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States, with malignant neoplasms accounting for 0.9 cases per 100,000. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms most commonly appear in the sixth decade of life. (medscape.com)
  • Among salivary gland neoplasms, 80% arise in the parotid glands, 10-15% arise in the submandibular glands, and the remainder arise in the sublingual and minor salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • Almost half of all submandibular gland neoplasms and most sublingual and minor salivary gland tumors are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in children. (medscape.com)
  • In children, 35% of salivary gland neoplasms are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy in children. (medscape.com)
  • Contrasting information was derived through a literature review by Louredo et al, which indicated that in pediatric patients, most salivary gland neoplasms (75.4%) are malignant. (medscape.com)
  • Salivary gland neoplasms occurred with slightly greater frequency in girls (57.4% of patients) than in boys. (medscape.com)
  • 1] The incidence of salivary gland neoplasms as a whole is approximately 1.5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • The etiology of salivary gland neoplasms is not fully understood. (medscape.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests that the bicellular stem cell theory is the more probable etiology of salivary gland neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • NUT carcinomas are considered variants of squamous cell carcinomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)
  • After therapy, the incidence of pleomorphic adenomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas is increased. (medscape.com)
  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely malignant type of endocrine cancer frequently accompanied by extrathyroidal extension or metastasis through mechanisms that remain elusive. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but extremely malignant thyroid - cancer subtype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the early 1990's, this gene was implicated in the development of certain epithelial cell cancers that: a) occurred in the midline structures of young people, b) were rapidly fatal, and c) consisted of poorly differentiated (i.e. not resembling any particular cell type), immature-appearing cells containing a BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
  • The major histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer resemble neoplasms arising from other organs of the female genital tract that are derived from the Mullerian ducts during embryogenesis [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most series report that about 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller glands. (medscape.com)
  • The most common tumor of the parotid gland is the pleomorphic adenoma , which represents about 60% of all parotid neoplasms, as seen in the table below. (medscape.com)
  • Common parotid neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Radiation therapy in low doses has been associated with the development of parotid neoplasms 15-20 years after treatment. (medscape.com)
  • CREB3L1 knockdown dramatically attenuated invasion of ATC cells, whereas overexpression of CREB3L1 facilitated the invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [ 4 , 5 ] ) Benign neoplasms occur more frequently in women than in men, but malignant tumors are distributed equally between the sexes. (medscape.com)
  • This theory more logically explains neoplasms that contain multiple discrete cell types, such as pleomorphic adenomas and Warthin tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous form of primary brain tumors, driven by a complex repertoire of oncogenic alterations, including the constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII). (cancer-genetics.org)
  • In lymphomas I have conducted studies in rare aggressive primary cutaneous tumors such as gamma/delta T cell lymphoma (expanding the description of the epidermotropic variant) as well as more indolent entities such as lymphomatoid papulosis (type D) and CD4-positive small to medium size T cell lymphoproliferative disorders. (mdanderson.org)
  • Although this most common gynecologic cancer carries the best prognosis, it is important to differentiate between the classic endometrioid tumors that tend to be estrogen dependent and well differentiated, from other less common high-risk uterine malignancies, such as uterine papillary serous carcinomas (UPSCs), clear cell carcinomas, mixed mullerian tumors (MMTs), or sarcomas, which appear to have a different biology. (medmuv.com)
  • Notable was the almost complete absence of Ki-ras mutations in an aggressive form of endometrial cancer, UPSC, when compared to the usual endometrioid tumors. (medmuv.com)
  • Giant cell tumors (GCT) of the bone are aggressive and are recognised for variable clinical behaviour, which is not always related to radiographic or histological appearance [1]. (jbstjournal.com)
  • Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) include all tumors derived from the diffuse endocrine system. (springeropen.com)
  • SOX9 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through BMP2 and mTOR signaling. (cancerindex.org)
  • However, the role of SOX9 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. (cancerindex.org)
  • Subsequent studies revealed that EBV caused a number of different human malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Hodgkin's lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and lymphoproliferative disorders of immunocompromised hosts ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)
  • Survival and gene signature analyses were performed on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) data. (preprints.org)
  • Tobacco and alcohol, which are highly associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, have not been shown to play a role in the development of malignancies of the salivary glands. (medscape.com)
  • Persistent infection with H. pylori induces atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and subsequently leads to gastric malignancies including gastric carcinoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the huge spectrum of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms, typical and atypical carcinoids should be considered as a separate biological entity from poorly differentiated forms, harboring peculiar molecular alterations. (springeropen.com)
  • In the huge spectrum of lung NENs, the most important distinction split between well differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. (springeropen.com)
  • The product of the BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene, BRD4-NUT protein, stimulates the expression of at least 4 relevant genes, MYC, TP63, SOX2, and MYB in cultured cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overexpression of the MYC and SOX2 genes can also act to maintain cells in an undifferentiated stem cell-like state similar to the cells in the neoplasms driven by the BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is generally accepted that the BRD4-NUT protein promotes these neoplasms by maintaining their neoplastic cells in a perpetually undifferentiated, proliferative state. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, subsequent studies defined these carcinomas based on the presence of a NUT fusion gene in their malignant cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • SFTs of the pleura are localized mesenchymal neoplasms composed of fibroblastlike cells believed to arise from the subpleural connective tissue. (medscape.com)
  • Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Glial brain tumours originating from glial cells are intracranial solid neoplasms. (hindawi.com)
  • EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In gastric carcinoma cells, EBV is not integrated into the host genome but maintained as a type of plasmid called an episome. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The uniformity of the numbers of terminal repeats (TRs) among EBV positive carcinoma cells reflects the clonal origin of a tumor and suggests that EBV is a causative virus for gastric carcinoma ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The nature of disease (indolent vs. aggressive) is correlated to the stage of lymphocytic differentiation of the malignant cells. (oncolink.org)
  • Malignant blast cells (i.e. diffuse large B-cell lymphoma) are fast-growing and result in aggressive disease, whereas malignant mature lymphocytes (i.e. follicular lymphoma) behave indolently. (oncolink.org)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • These interacting tasks are carried out by a system that is ubiquitous to all vertebrates and comprises two treelike branched systems of tubules known as blood and lymphatic vessels lined by highly specialized endothelial cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • While no mutations were found in the exons of the DCC gene in endometrial cancers, chromosome 18 was found to be capable of suppressing tumorigenicity of endometrial cancer cells in nude mice by the procedure of microcell fusion, with DCC expression elevated in most of the suppressed hybrids. (medmuv.com)
  • The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • CCDC88C-FLT3 gene fusion in CD34-positive haematopoietic stem and multilineage cells in myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia. (u-tokyo-hemat.com)
  • BRD4 protein recognizes acetylated lysine residues on proteins and by doing so participates in the regulation of DNA replication, DNA transcription, and thereby key cellular processes involved in the development of neoplasms (i.e. malignant or benign tissue growths). (wikipedia.org)
  • Nano-flow cytometry revealed that the EV output from individual glioma cell lines was highly heterogeneous, such that only a fraction of vesicles contained specific proteins (including EGFRvIII). (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Our studies have demonstrated that several of the proteins encoded by cellular oncogenes function in fundamental aspects of gene regulation. (stanford.edu)
  • These are frequently activated by fusion to other transcriptional proteins resulting in chimeric transcription factors. (stanford.edu)
  • We are studying the effects and consequences of protein fusion on the transcriptional and transforming activities of these proteins using in vitro and animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has increased with time, but there has been no increase in mortality rate [ 1 - 3 ]. (e-enm.org)
  • Currently, lung cancer has the highest mortality among malignant neoplasms in the world, accounting for approximately 1.8 million (18%) cancer-related deaths worldwide in 2020 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are associated with increased recurrence and mortality in patients with thyroid carcinoma. (e-enm.org)
  • A fusion gene is an abnormal gene consisting of parts from two different genes that form as a result of a large scale gene mutation such as a chromosomal translocation, interstitial deletion, or inversion. (wikipedia.org)
  • All four of these genes are oncogenes, i.e., genes that when overexpressed and/or overly active promote the development of certain types of cancers. (wikipedia.org)
  • These questions also apply to a wide range of neoplasms that have more recently been associated with the NUTM1 gene fused to other genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Approximately 20% of lung adenocarcinomas harbor activating mutations at KRAS, an oncogene with the ability to alter the tumor immune microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • Their focus is on any KRAS oncogene or cancer type with the mission of connecting people to the latest research resources and community. (thepatientstory.com)
  • NUT carcinoma is a rare, highly aggressive malignancy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy that relies on highly heterogeneous cytogenetic alterations. (mdpi.com)
  • The BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene is a translocation that encodes a fusion protein that has merged most of the protein coding region of the NUTM1 gene with a large part of the BRD4 gene located in band 13 on the short (i.e. "q") arm of chromosome 19. (wikipedia.org)
  • Further studies are needed to confirm and expand these views and to determine if any of the overexpressed gene products of the BRD4-NUT protein contribute to the development and/or progression, or can serve as targets for the treatment, of the neoplasms associated with the BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • RUNX3 protein is a transcription factor, containing a highly conserved DNA binding domain which binds to a DNA core motif of 5′ pyGpyGGT 3′ designated as a "runt domain, RD" which shares a sequence similarity with D. melanogaster RUNX. (hindawi.com)
  • Malignant transformation is usually the result of chromosomal translocations that activate proto-oncogenes or create a chimeric fusion protein. (oncolink.org)
  • For example, Cirs-7 is derived from a highly conserved single exon, also known as antisense transcription of cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 (CDR1as), which can regulate miR-7 through adsorption, thus reducing the inhibition of miR-7 on its target [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The standard vascular markers used in pathologic differential diagnosis of vascular conditions include von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor VIII-associated protein, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34), v- ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG), human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA1), podoplanin (D2-40), and PROX1. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • In chronic myelogenous leukemia, the Philadelphia chromosome leads to a fusion protein of abl with bcr (breakpoint cluster region), termed bcr-abl. (keralapharmacist.com)
  • Neoplasms that arise in the salivary glands are relatively rare, yet they represent a wide variety of both benign and malignant histologic subtypes as seen in the image below. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical manifestations of the currently recognized disease entities are highly variable and range from benign localized lesions to highly aggressive systemic diseases[ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Giant cell tumor is a benign bone tumor, locally aggressive with low malignant potential. (jbstjournal.com)
  • Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign but locally aggressive tumor with tendency for local recurrence [2]. (jbstjournal.com)
  • Studies have found that ~66 tp 80% of NUT carcinomas harbor a BRD4-NUTM1 fusion gene while the remaining NUT carcinomas, sometimes termed NUT variant carcinomas, involve the BRD3-NUTM1 (~10 to 25% of cases) or, rarely, the NSD3-NUTM1, ZNF532-NUTM1,, or ZNF592-NUTM1 fusion gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, there are only a small number of recurrent copy number aberrations and rare gene fusions. (springer.com)
  • Chromosome 17p is frequently involved, which contains the p53 gene known to confer a poor prognosis in endometrial cancers when mutated or deleted, and which plays an important role in the transition to carcinoma from atypical hyperplasia. (medmuv.com)
  • We also analysed the impact of CTCF haploinsufficiency by examining gene expression changes in CTCF -altered endometrial carcinoma. (preprints.org)
  • The clinical behavior and the extent of skeletal involvement by angiomatoses provide a means of descriptively dividing them into regional versus disseminated and nonaggressive versus aggressive forms. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • Kirsten (Ki)-ras activating point mutations in codons 12 and 13 have been implicated in the development of atypical endometrial hyperplasias and endometrioid carcinomas in Japanese women, as well as in colon cancers. (medmuv.com)
  • Synovial sarcoma is a malignant soft-tissue neoplasm that most commonly affects the extremities near to, but not in continuity with, large joints. (medscape.com)
  • This study included 2,092 patients with thyroid carcinoma who underwent thyroid surgery and found that the frequency of TERT promoter mutations was significantly associated with older age at diagnosis, larger primary tumor size, and aggressive histological type. (e-enm.org)
  • Currently, selpercatinib has FDA-approved indications for the treatment of metastatic RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and thyroid cancers, as well as RET- mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) requiring systemic treatment. (jnccn.org)
  • We prospectively collected data on all consecutive patients who underwent thyroid carcinoma surgery between January 2019 and December 2020 at the Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. (e-enm.org)
  • We included 2,092 patients with thyroid carcinoma. (e-enm.org)
  • Advanced T stage, advanced N stage, and distant metastasis at diagnosis were highly prevalent in mutated thyroid cancers. (e-enm.org)
  • Most patients with thyroid carcinoma have a long survival. (e-enm.org)
  • The frequency of the type of neoplasm was higher for lung cancer, followed by malignant colon tumor. (cdc.gov)
  • In fact, in this group of patients with a good prognosis, the risk of long term toxicities may outweigh the benefit of aggressive treatment. (moffitt.org)
  • Because of the highly aggressive nature of these cancers, two thirds of patients exhibit symptoms resulting from metastatic or systemic disease at the time of initial presentation. (sts.org)
  • Therefore, it is important to distinguish patients who need aggressive treatment from those who do not. (e-enm.org)
  • This work is important clinically because HPV-related HNC may not require the same level of intense, highly toxic therapy commonly employed in the management of HPV-negative HNC. (moffitt.org)
  • DSRCT was first described by Gerald and Rosai in 1989 as a primitive neoplasm of children and young adults that most frequently occurs in the serosa of the pelvic cavity. (medscape.com)
  • Genotyping identified a 45 year-old woman with an aggressive and treatment-refractory, ultrastructurally confirmed systemic BRAF -mutant LCH. (oncotarget.com)
  • The term fibroma is inappropriate because the neoplasm exhibits defined histologic features that differ from those of fibromas and may express malignant behavior. (medscape.com)
  • Here we analyzed the impact of EGFRvIII on the profile of glioma EVs using isogenic tumor cell lines, in which this oncogene exhibits a strong transforming activity. (cancer-genetics.org)
  • Clear cell, papillary cell, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have now been well characterised thanks to large collaborative projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). (springer.com)
  • In order to make an impact on survival in this type of aggressive breast cancer, new targeted therapeutic agents are urgently needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonmesotheliomatous cancers of the pleura include an assortment of malignant neoplasms that primarily or secondarily involve pleura. (medscape.com)
  • Whereas pleural mesothelioma is highly associated with asbestos exposure , nonmesotheliomatous cancers have generally not been proven to result from exposure to airborne asbestos. (medscape.com)
  • Prostate cancer (PC) is a disease with an inherent high heterogeneity and with variable behavior (from indolent to highly aggressive). (healthbooktimes.org)
  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant central nervous system neoplasm that remains largely incurable. (jnccn.org)
  • Central airway obstruction may result from endobronchial disease, usually related to squamous cell carcinoma. (sts.org)
  • In addition to accumulating more case series of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), the development of comprehensive molecular analyses has provided evidence that EBVaGC is a distinct subset both in terms of its clinicopathological and molecular features. (spandidos-publications.com)