OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceNamed GroupsGeographicals
Clostridium tetaniTetanusTetanus ToxinTetanus AntitoxinTetanus ToxoidClostridiumClostridium botulinumInfant, Newborn, DiseasesNew GuineaClostridium difficileEncyclopedias as TopicInfant, NewbornInfant, Very Low Birth WeightRespiratory Tract InfectionsAnthropology, PhysicalInfant, Premature, Diseases
SporesLockjawImmunizationAnaerobicBacteriaToxinIncluding tetanus toxoidPrevent tetanusIncidence of neonatal tetanusNeurotoxinCases of tetanusCauses tetanusSymptomsMaternalInfectionsBacteriumNeed a tetanus shotSpasmsVaccinationDiphtheria and tetanusReported tetanus casesToxinsBacterialRigidityPrevalenceToxoid vaccinePertussisVaccine-preventable diseasesVaccinationsTdapGlobal TetanusWorld Health OrganNeonatorumWoundWoundsOccurImmuneProphylaxisAntitoxinCephalicClinicalInfection causedDiseaseNervous systemMortalityOrganismPainfulFatalPreventionPregnant
Spores8
  • Clostridium tetani ( C. tetani ) spores usually enter the body through a wound or breach in the skin. (cdc.gov)
  • Tetanus is acquired through exposure to the spores of the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which is universally present in the environment. (who.int)
  • Tetanus bacilli form durable spores that occur in soil and animal feces and remain viable for years. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tetanus is an infectious disease caused by anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium tetani, the spores of which are widespread in the environment. (who.int)
  • Clostridium tetani, spores of the bacteria that cause tetanus, can be found in the soil, dust and animal feces. (portea.com)
  • Upon entering a deep flesh wound, the tetanus spores grow into bacteria. (portea.com)
  • Clean the wound thoroughly to prevent growth of tetanus spores. (portea.com)
  • Without this strict anaerobic environment, the spores will stay in their vegetative form and no tetanus is possible. (positivehealth.com)
Lockjaw9
  • Trismus, or lockjaw, is a common sign of tetanus (see generalized tetanus under Clinical Features ). (cdc.gov)
  • Notes on tetanus (lockjaw). (cdc.gov)
  • Approximately 50-75% of patients with generalized tetanus present with trismus ("lockjaw"), which is the inability to open the mouth secondary to masseter muscle spasm. (medscape.com)
  • Tetanus (also called lockjaw ) is a serious disease that affects the muscles and nerves. (kidshealth.org)
  • Tetanus is also known as lockjaw (trismus) and is a severe medical condition. (diseasefix.com)
  • The bacterial illness tetanus, often known as lockjaw, is caused by Clostridium tetani and destroys the neurological system, producing muscular rigidity and spasms. (reportsanddata.com)
  • Tetanus is also called lockjaw. (portea.com)
  • The common initial presentation of tetanus is lockjaw because the cranial nerves are usually affected first by the neurotoxin as they are shorter. (3apharma.biz)
  • It often causes a person's neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it difficult to open the mouth or swallow and it is due to this reason that tetanus is commonly referred to as lockjaw. (3apharma.biz)
Immunization6
  • Active immunization with tetanus toxoid was described in 1890, but cases continue to be reported (275 in the United States from 2001 through 2010), almost exclusively in persons who were never vaccinated or had not received a booster immunization in the previous 10 years. (cdc.gov)
  • 12-15 The cultural diversity of childbirth practices and cord management, untrained birth attendants, uneducated parents, poor antenatal care and lack of immunization against tetanus have also been associated with the disease. (who.int)
  • Despite widespread immunization of infants and children since the 1940s, tetanus still occurs in the United States. (medscape.com)
  • Identify high risk districts with low TT2 coverage, low DPT3 coverage and an incidence of neonatal tetanus of more than 1 per 1000 live births and respond with appropriate scale-up of routine immunization activities and mass TT immunization of women of child bearing age. (academic-tutors.net)
  • So make sure that your tetanus immunization status is up to date, and if you get a bad cut, see your doctor in case you need a booster. (kidshealth.org)
  • To prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus, the Government of India's Universal Immunization Program (UIP) has made tetanus toxoid immunization for pregnant women mandatory. (reportsanddata.com)
Anaerobic5
  • From the Greek tetanos ("tension," from teinein , "to stretch"), an often fatal infectious disease caused by the anaerobic bacillus Clostridium tetani . (cdc.gov)
  • In 1884, Arthur Nicolaier was the first to isolate tetanus toxin (strychnine) from free-living, anaerobic soil bacteria. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Overview of Clostridial Infections Clostridia are spore-forming, gram-positive, anaerobic bacilli present widely in dust, soil, and vegetation and as normal flora in mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The antibodies produced by inactivated tetanus toxoid after a tetanus vaccination circulate in the blood and therefore cannot reach and 'disable' the tetanus toxin in an anaerobic wound since, by definition, it is not vascularized (provided with blood vessels). (positivehealth.com)
  • At the level of the anaerobic wound, the nerve endings engulf, via invagination, the toxin which is then free to circulate towards the central nervous system and trigger the terrible symptoms of tetanus. (positivehealth.com)
Bacteria13
  • Bacteria found in the maternal gastrointestinal or gastrourinary tracts can commonly lead to neonatal infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2 Kitasato Shibasaburo first isolated Clostridium tetani from humans in 1891 later demonstrated how the bacteria produced disease when subjected to animals and also demonstrated the neutralization of toxin by specific antibodies. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • The incubation period between exposure to the bacteria and development of the initial symptoms of tetanus ranges from two days to two months, but it's commonly within 14 days of injury. (who.int)
  • Claiming thousands of lives every year, maternal and neonatal tetanus (MNT) is a devastating disease caused by toxins released from Clostridium tetani bacteria. (academic-tutors.net)
  • The bacteria Clostridium tetani causes tetanus. (practo.com)
  • to kill bacteria and tetanus immune globulin (TIG) to neutralize the toxin already released. (kidshealth.org)
  • Clostridium tetani is a bacteria that causes tetanus infection. (diseasefix.com)
  • You may start seeing these signs and symptoms of tetanus after the tetanus bacteria enters your body through a wound. (portea.com)
  • To fight the tetanus bacteria, the doctor may give you antibiotics, either orally or by injection. (portea.com)
  • It is also the reason why antibiotics have no action against the tetanus bacterium, but antibiotics can help prevent tetanus when there is the presence of a pyogenic flora (bacteria that consume oxygen) in a wound. (positivehealth.com)
  • The bacteria causing tetanus are mostly found in dust, soil and manure and they enter the body through nonintact skin, cuts or puncture wounds caused by contaminated objects. (3apharma.biz)
  • In the cases of botulism, diphtheria and tetanus, the main objective of immunotherapy is to neutralize toxins, but also to opsonize the bacteria, promoting complement-dependent bacteriolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • in 2001 reported that the neuroparalytic syndromes of tetanus is caused by neurotoxins produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium of 150 kDa proteins consisting of three-domains, endowed with different functions: neurospecific binding, membrane translocation and specific proteolysis of three key components of the neuroexocytosis apparatus. (savedelicious.com)
Toxin8
Including tetanus toxoid1
  • Furthermore, as compared to other healthcare institutions, hospitals are more likely to stock and provide a wider range of immunizations, including tetanus toxoid vaccinations. (reportsanddata.com)
Prevent tetanus5
  • Yes, tetanus vaccine is necessary to prevent tetanus infection as there is no alternative cure for its infection. (practo.com)
  • The best way to prevent tetanus is to make sure that your immunizations against it are up-to-date. (kidshealth.org)
  • You can also help prevent tetanus by protecting the bottoms of your feet against deep or dirty wounds (such as being punctured by a nail). (kidshealth.org)
  • The tetanus vaccine is an inactive vaccine used to prevent tetanus. (portea.com)
  • So the best way to prevent tetanus is to get vaccinated. (3apharma.biz)
Incidence of neonatal tetanus2
  • 8,10 The incidence of neonatal tetanus in China has dramatically decreased from 0.2 cases per 100 000 population in 2005 to 0.05 cases per 100 000 population in 2012. (who.int)
  • 4,5,16,17 Furthermore, seasonality, geographical location, climate, prevalence of C. tetani and a rural agricultural population are also related to the incidence of neonatal tetanus. (who.int)
Neurotoxin2
  • Tetanus is acute poisoning resulting from a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani . (msdmanuals.com)
  • After binding to the presynaptic membrane of motoneurons, tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) is internalized and transported retroaxonally to the spinal cord, where it blocks neurotransmitter release from spinal inhibitory interneurons. (savedelicious.com)
Cases of tetanus2
  • From 2009 to 2017, 264 cases of tetanus and 19 deaths resulting from tetanus were reported. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the United States, most cases of tetanus follow a contaminated cut or deep puncture injury, such as a wound caused by stepping on a nail. (kidshealth.org)
Causes tetanus1
Symptoms5
  • Characteristic symptoms of tetanus are painful muscular contractions, primarily of the masseter and neck muscles and secondarily of trunk muscles. (cdc.gov)
  • In neonatal tetanus, symptoms usually appear from 4 to 14 days after birth, averaging about 7 days. (cdc.gov)
  • Neonatal infections may present soon after delivery, or take several weeks to show symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Tetanus? (kidshealth.org)
  • People suffering from hypotension post tetanus vaccination should regularly monitor their blood pressure and consult a doctor in case of emergency or when symptoms worsen. (diseasefix.com)
Maternal3
  • Neonatal tetanus is a form of generalized tetanus occurring in newborn infants who lack the passive protection derived from maternal antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • Maternal screening for intrapartum infections reduce the risk of neonatal infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Infection may also develop postpartum in the uterus (maternal tetanus) and in a neonate's umbilicus (tetanus neonatorum) as a result of unsanitary delivery and umbilical cord care practices. (msdmanuals.com)
Infections11
  • Neonatal tetanus usually occurs because of umbilical stump infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Neonatal infections are infections of the neonate (newborn) acquired during prenatal development or within the first four weeks of life. (wikipedia.org)
  • Neonatal infections may be contracted by mother to child transmission, in the birth canal during childbirth, or after birth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some neonatal infections such as HIV, hepatitis B, and malaria do not become apparent until much later. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some instances, neonatal respiratory tract diseases may increase the susceptibility to future respiratory infections and inflammatory responses related to lung disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibiotics can be effective for neonatal infections, especially when the pathogen is quickly identified. (wikipedia.org)
  • In industrialized countries, treatment for neonatal infections takes place in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacterial infections may present as fetal distress at birth (including signs of tachycardia, temperature instability or difficulty breathing), neonatal sepsis, or neonatal meningitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other bacterial infections, tetanus is non-contagious and does transmit from an infected person to a healthy person. (diseasefix.com)
  • The vaccine is given for tetanus and provides immunity against other bacterial infections like diphtheria and whooping cough. (diseasefix.com)
  • Most frequently, Streptococcus agalactiae causes neonatal infections like pneumonia , sepsis , meningitis , and septic arthritis . (osmosis.org)
Bacterium1
  • To survive in an aerobic environment, C. tetani uses a process called sporulation where it exists as a spore, a kind of seed that can 'germinate' into a tetanic bacterium only in the absence of oxygen. (positivehealth.com)
Need a tetanus shot1
Spasms3
  • Localized tetanus is an unusual form of the disease consisting of muscle spasms in a confined area close to the site of the injury. (cdc.gov)
  • Tetanus is characterized by an acute onset of hypertonia, painful muscular contractions (usually of the muscles of the jaw and neck), and generalized muscle spasms without other apparent medical causes. (medscape.com)
  • Tetanus often begins with muscle spasms in the jaw (called trismus ). (kidshealth.org)
Vaccination13
  • Minimize the risk of tetanus among your patients who are disaster survivors and emergency responders by following routine vaccination recommendations and providing proper wound care . (cdc.gov)
  • 3. Is it necessary to take tetanus vaccination? (practo.com)
  • Tetanus vaccination is associated with mild side effects such as fever, headaches, swelling or soreness at the site of injection and fatigue. (practo.com)
  • Hives or urticaria may also be caused after tetanus vaccination. (diseasefix.com)
  • Tetanus toxoid vaccine demand is increasing as the general population becomes more aware of the importance of vaccination in avoiding infectious diseases. (reportsanddata.com)
  • To stop the spread of infectious illnesses including tetanus, governments across the globe are actively supporting vaccination programs. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The World Health Organization predicts that a single dose of tetanus toxoid vaccination can prevent up to 60% of cases. (reportsanddata.com)
  • The World Health Organization advises that all nations incorporate tetanus toxoid vaccines into their national vaccination regimens. (reportsanddata.com)
  • Tetanus cases are usually found in people who have never taken the tetanus vaccination or adults who have not kept up with their tetanus vaccine shots. (portea.com)
  • The only way to prevent the tetanus disease is to take the tetanus vaccination and to keep up with the tetanus shots according to the tetanus vaccine schedule. (portea.com)
  • For adults, it is important to remember the last date of their tetanus vaccination as the t t injection comes with a validity. (portea.com)
  • The tetanus injection is also given to women in their second half of their pregnancy whether they have received the tetanus injection as part of the vaccination or not. (portea.com)
  • The reason why tetanus is not an immunising disease is a clue as to why the vaccination against it is inefficacious, not to say useless. (positivehealth.com)
Diphtheria and tetanus1
Reported tetanus cases1
  • From 2000 through 2019, persons with diabetes were associated with 14% of all reported tetanus cases. (cdc.gov)
Toxins1
Bacterial2
Rigidity3
  • A common first sign suggestive of tetanus in older children and adults is abdominal rigidity, although rigidity is sometimes confined to the region of injury. (cdc.gov)
  • Nuchal rigidity and dysphagia are also early complaints that cause risus sardonicus, the scornful smile of tetanus, resulting from facial muscle involvement. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with localized tetanus present with persistent rigidity in the muscle group close to the injury site. (medscape.com)
Prevalence3
  • A detailed review of the literature was performed using search engines and databases (Google Scholar and PubMed Central) using keywords as tetanus AND prevalence, tetanus AND mechanism as reference. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • The aim of this project is to determine the prevalence of neonatal tetanus related to cultural practices despite anti natal clinic care within children attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital in Zaria Local Government Area. (azresearchconsult.com)
  • To determine the prevalence of neonatal tetanus among children. (azresearchconsult.com)
Toxoid vaccine9
Pertussis1
  • It is given to children older than seven years and adults and provides immunity against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. (diseasefix.com)
Vaccine-preventable diseases1
Vaccinations3
Tdap1
  • Then, you should have a Tdap or a tetanus and diphtheria (Td) booster every 10 years through adulthood. (kidshealth.org)
Global Tetanus1
World Health Organ2
  • 1,3,4 The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 58 000 newborn infants died from tetanus in 2010. (who.int)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tetanus is still a major cause of death in underdeveloped nations, accounting for an estimated one million deaths each year. (reportsanddata.com)
Neonatorum1
  • Neonatal tetanus (tetanus neonatorum) is a major cause of infant mortality in underdeveloped countries but is rare in the United States. (medscape.com)
Wound2
  • Anyone who has never got a tetanus vaccine or a booster dose for more than ten years can get tetanus from an infected wound. (practo.com)
  • If you get a deep cut or puncture wound and it's been more than 5 years since your last tetanus shot, see the doctor because you might need a tetanus booster to make sure that you're fully immunized. (kidshealth.org)
Wounds5
  • The organism usually prevails in dirty wounds or for neonatal tetanus, in the umbilicus following unsterile delivery. (who.int)
  • The history of tetanus dates back to ancient civilization where people knew tetanus very well as they could recognize and correlate between wounds and fatal muscle spasm (undocumented folklore). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Patients with burns, surgical wounds, or a history of injection drug use are especially prone to developing tetanus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, tetanus may follow trivial or even inapparent wounds. (msdmanuals.com)
  • That's why there are millions of septic wounds, even deep-puncture wounds which never give rise to tetanus. (positivehealth.com)
Occur2
  • Although localized tetanus often occurs in people with partial immunity and is usually mild, progression to generalized tetanus can occur. (cdc.gov)
  • Most deaths from tetanus occur in people fully vaccinated, sometimes in people with titres way above officially established protective levels (3300 times higher in one reported case). (positivehealth.com)
Immune4
Prophylaxis5
  • Pregnant women may receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of neonatal infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Edmond Nocard in 1897 demonstrated the induction of passive immunity by tetanus antitoxin in humans and could be used for prophylaxis and management. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Tetanus Prophylaxis in Routine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Among other applications, immunotherapy is used for the post-exposure treatment and/or prophylaxis of important infectious diseases, such as botulism, diphtheria, tetanus and rabies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Botulism, diphtheria, tetanus and rabies are severe infectious diseases caused by different agents, which have in common the recommendation of using immunotherapy as post-exposure treatment and/or prophylaxis [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antitoxin1
Cephalic3
  • The rarest form, cephalic tetanus, is associated with lesions of the head or face and may also be associated with otitis media. (cdc.gov)
  • Unlike generalized and localized tetanus, cephalic tetanus results in flaccid cranial nerve palsies rather than spasm. (cdc.gov)
  • Cephalic tetanus is uncommon and usually occurs after head trauma or otitis media. (medscape.com)
Clinical1
  • Tetanus is a clinical syndrome without confirmatory laboratory tests. (cdc.gov)
Infection caused1
Disease10
  • To have better insights into this complex infectious disease, the current mini-review illustrates a brief description of tetanus and its history, latest statistics, and its types followed by pathogenesis which includes causes, and mechanisms of infection. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Further understanding of the disease by research communities will help in eradicating tetanus and also equipped clinicians with a better management approach against this deadly infection which is simply much more complex to be understood. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Tetanus is a non-communicable disease and can be life-threatening without proper treatment. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Antonio Carle and Giorgio Rattone from the University of Turin were successful in elucidated the etiology of the disease and also demonstrated the transmissibility of tetanus. (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Neonatal tetanus is the disease of the nervous system. (azresearchconsult.com)
  • Tetanus vaccine provides immunity against the tetanus disease and is given to adults and children up to 7 years or more. (diseasefix.com)
  • Tetanus is a very serious Nervous system disease. (portea.com)
  • what happens in the tetanus disease? (portea.com)
  • Tetanus is regarded amongst the most severe and fatal disease since ancient times [1]. (savedelicious.com)
  • However it was etiologically described by Carle and Rattone who were first to produce tetanus in animals by injecting pus extracted from an infected human with the same disease in 1884. (savedelicious.com)
Nervous system1
  • Nervous system abnormalities, as well as a variety of complications related to severe spasm and prolonged hospitalization, can accompany generalized tetanus. (cdc.gov)
Mortality3
  • In developing countries, neonatal tetanus-when infants are infected through nonsterile delivery-is a major contributor to infant mortality. (cdc.gov)
  • Neonatal tetanus is a major cause of neonatal mortality in many developing countries and remains a major public health problem. (who.int)
  • The incidence and mortality of neonatal tetanus differ between regions and countries and between urban and rural areas within countries. (who.int)
Organism1
  • Infection by C tetani results in a benign appearance at the portal of entry because of the inability of the organism to evoke an inflammatory reaction unless coinfection with other organisms develops. (medscape.com)
Painful2
  • Greek physician Aretaeus wrote in the first century ad , "Tetanus in all its varieties, is a spasm of an exceedingly painful nature, very swift to prove fatal, but neither easy to be removed. (cdc.gov)
  • No one likes shots , but getting tetanus is more painful and long lasting than a shot. (kidshealth.org)
Fatal1
  • Tetanus is fatal and typically leads to death as there is no cure available. (practo.com)
Prevention2
Pregnant1
  • Moreover, if pregnant women are immunized with tetanus vaccine then this can prevent puerperal and neonatal tetanus. (3apharma.biz)