Negative regulator of cell proliferation pathways cell proliferation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Under hypoxic conditions, the kidney will produce and secrete erythropoietin to increase the production of red blood cells by targeting CFU-E, proerythroblast and basophilic erythroblast subsets in the differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
This results in differentiation, survival and proliferation of the erythroid cell. (wikipedia.org)
WNT, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Notch, Hedgehog, and transforming growth factor β/bone morphogenetic protein signaling network are implicated in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis by regulating self-renewal of normal stem cells as well as proliferation or differentiation of progenitor (transit-amplifying) cells. (aacrjournals.org)
The Notch signaling pathway plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the body, which is caused by the stepwise accumulation of mutations that affect cell growth control, differentiation and survival. (nutraculture.com)
Using computational predictions, we revealed that HPV-positive cervical cancers are regulated by transcription factors including, SOX2, E2F, NANOG, OCT4, and MYC, which control various processes such as the renewal of cancer stem cells, and the proliferation and differentiation of tumour cells. (fortuneonline.org)
In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Next, we summarize various cytokines produced by adipocytes that regulate the survival, activation and differentiation of B cells. (frontiersin.org)
The hallmarks of development during pregnancy are the formation of tertiary branches, which terminate in alveolar buds, and the rapid proliferation of the luminal epithelium accompanied by differentiation and commitment to the secretory alveolar lineage. (biologists.com)
Positive WISP-2 protein staining in GC are associated with a longer survival of the patients, and with differentiation of GC cells in gastric tumour, namely, 23 out of 37 (62%) positively stained in well/moderate differentiated tumours 58 out of 140 (41%) in poorly differentiated tumours. (abic2004.org)
Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways that regulate cytokine and growth factor responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. (umbc.edu)
These molecular defects interfere with lymphocyte development and function, blocking the differentiation and proliferation of T cells and, in some types, of B cells and NK cells. (medscape.com)

Erythropoietin has its primary effect on red blood cell progenitors and precursors (which are found in the bone marrow in humans) by promoting their survival through protecting these cells from apoptosis, or cell death. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
Increasing evidence indicates that EBV miRNAs target the host mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and transformation. (ijbs.com)
In this study, we have shown that RNAi-mediated PIPP knockdown in mouse fibroblasts and the aggressive human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, results in enhanced anchorage-independent cell growth, increased cell proliferation under conditions of serum-starvation, decreased cell death in response to induction of apoptosis, aberrant polarity and increased in vivo tumour growth in xenograft studies. (monash.edu)
In other situations the response is cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death (apoptosis), providing a barrier to further tumour development that the tumour may ultimately circumvent through the acquisition of a mutation in one of the genes within the stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
Overexpression of MCM4 promoted the proliferation, and suppressed the apoptosis in LUAD cells. (bvsalud.org)
ADAR1 silencing in breast cancer cells leads to increased apoptosis, suggesting an anti-apoptotic function that promotes cancer progression. (cancerindex.org)
Based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, these DEGs were enriched with a broad spectrum of biological processes and pathways, including those associated with antioxidants, apoptosis, chaperones, immunity and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth of cancer cells is regulated by the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, which is a normal physiological process serving to eliminate unwanted cells and maintain homeostasis in healthy tissue. (nutraculture.com)
Nutraculture™ Phycocyanin™ induces apoptosis in the existing and proliferating cancer cells and being a natural antioxidant, it also helps getting rid of any cancer promoting oxidative stress. (nutraculture.com)
It is established that Phycocyanin induces apoptosis in cancer cells by changing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (Bcl-2 is an anti apoptotic protein, Bax is a pro-apoptotic protein, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax represents the degree of apoptosis) and the release of Cyt-c in the cytosol (Lu et. (nutraculture.com)

Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
HYPOTHESIS: Do LRIG Proteins Regulate Stem Cell Quiescence by Promoting BMP Signaling? (nature.com)
These AKT proteins therefore regulate a wide variety of cellular functions including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis in both normal and malignant cells. (senescence.info)
AKT proteins are recruited to the cell membrane by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) after phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by PI3K. (senescence.info)
Protein phosphatases act as negative regulators of AKT proteins by dephosphorylating AKT or PIP3. (senescence.info)
AKT proteins also participate in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway which controls the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4E) complex and this pathway, in addition to responding to extracellular signals from growth factors and cytokines, is disregulated in many cancers. (senescence.info)
In response to cell stimulation, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is recruited to the plasma membrane where it transiently generates the second messenger lipid PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, which in turn recruits and activates specific proteins such as Akt to regulate a plethora of intracellular signalling cascades to promote cell proliferation, polarisation and survival. (monash.edu)
Some Example Projects: Regulation of HDM2 and HDMX proteins The HDM2 oncoprotein is the major negative regulator of p53 function in the cell. (southampton.ac.uk)
Role of CtBP transcriptional repressors in cancer cell proliferation and survival In common with p53, CtBP1 and CtBP2 proteins were discovered through their physical association with a viral oncoprotein. (southampton.ac.uk)
Cross-talk of the MAPK signaling pathway with other proteins and signaling pathways have a crucial impact on clinical outcomes of targeted therapies and plays important role during development of drug resistance in cancers. (mdpi.com)
We will establish the molecular basis through which the Crk adapter protein induces epithelial cell migration using a proteomic approach to identify Crk associated proteins and using cell biology and mouse models for cell invasion. (mcgill.ca)
Within cells, these proteins form the tuberin-hamartin complex that normally functions as a negative regulator of the mTOR signaling pathway that leads to cell growth and proliferation. (cap.org)
Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The oocyte is loaded with maternal mRNAs and proteins that control the cell maintenance and fate and the formation of the body plan prior to the onset of zygotic genome expression [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
Taken together, we uncover a landscape of the key regulatory pathways and proteins in HPV-positive cervical cancers, all of which may provide attractive drug targets for future therapeutics. (fortuneonline.org)
Carboxylesterase that acts as a key negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by specifically mediating depalmitoleoylation of WNT proteins. (cusabio.com)
It has been shown that WISP proteins are upregulated in Wnt-1-transformed cells (Pennica studies suggest loss of WISP-2 signalling may be a crucial permissive event for EMT and ECM degradation and cell migration. (abic2004.org)
Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

These stimulations activate a broad range of signaling cascades, such as canonical and non-canonical NF- κ B pathways, mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) pathways and calcium signaling, which in turn activate downstream transcriptional regulators to drive osteoclastogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
Noncanonical WNT signals are transduced through Frizzled family receptors and ROR2/RYK coreceptors to the Dishevelled-dependent (Rho family GTPases and c-jun NH 2 -terminal kinase) or the Ca 2+ -dependent (NLK and nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling cascades. (aacrjournals.org)
AKT/PI3K forms a key component of many signalling pathways that involve the binding of membrane-bound ligands such as receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and integrin-linked kinase. (senescence.info)
Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway plays a role in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling regulates many cellular activities, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and glucose metabolism. (haematologica.org)
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway which allows the transduction of various cellular signals to final effectors and regulation of elementary cellular processes. (mdpi.com)
Our work in the past few years has uncovered an important regulator of invasive cell growth, the Met receptor tyrosine kinase. (mcgill.ca)
In addition, it settings the transcription of many genes connected with bipolar schizophrenia or disorder including success pathway, which is triggered by development elements24 and by low-level NMDA receptor activation.25 eIF2B is phosphorylated and inhibited by glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (by activation from the growth factor/cascade removes this repression, allowing a rise in translation protein and initiation synthesis, an last end stage of development element impact. (biotech2012.org)
Moreover, the Nogo-A-Δ20 domain promotes neuroblast migration toward the OB through activation of the Rho/ROCK (Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase) pathway, without the participation of NgR1. (jneurosci.org)
Knockdown of NOTUM genes inhibited proliferation as well as migration, with possible involvement of p38 and c-JUN N-terminal kinase in this process. (cusabio.com)
Neuronal loss of the serine-threonine protein kinase Tao , a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway, results in supernumerary boutons, each of which contain a normal number of active zones. (sdbonline.org)
The conserved Ste20-like kinase Tao was identified as a negative regulator of synaptic growth required for maintenance of circuit specificity and connectivity. (sdbonline.org)
Catalytic domain of the Protein Tyrosine Kinase, Hematopoietic cell kinase. (umbc.edu)

The proline rich inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (PIPP) is a relatively uncharacterised member of the 5-phosphatase family which hydrolyses PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in vivo to negatively regulate Akt signalling in the neuronal-like PC12 cell line (Ooms et al. (monash.edu)
We have also developed interests in other pathways which regulate gene transcription and cancer cell proliferation in response to stress and changes in cell metabolism. (southampton.ac.uk)
CtBP activity is modified by UV radiation and glycolytic metabolism, suggesting that CtBPs regulate cell survival in response to cellular stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
Nqo1, produced by the body to counter free radicals, is also used by liver cancer to regulate two major cell proliferation pathways that are key to enabling the metabolic reprogramming that enables cancer cells' super-efficient use of glucose as fuel and ultimately their rapid replication. (nfcr.org)
Several anterograde and retrograde signaling pathways, including the canonical Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathway , regulate synaptic development in vertebrates and invertebrates. (sdbonline.org)
A surprising recent discovery has been that mammary epithelial cells commit to differentiated lineages using the same signalling pathways that regulate lineage determination in T helper cells. (biologists.com)

Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
Pathway-based biomarkers identification may help elucidate the cellular signature of breast cancer metastasis in bone, further characterizing the etiology and promoting new therapeutic approaches. (degruyter.com)
Transcriptional responses to pathways: roles in the causes and treatment of cancer Intra-cellular stress-response pathways are activated in response to potentially deleterious conditions in the cell's environment. (southampton.ac.uk)
Examples include exposure to toxic compounds or radiation, loss of contact with other cells or the extra-cellular matrix, lack of oxygen (hypoxia), acidic pH, the activation of oncogenes, induction of cellular senescence, oxidative damage or depletion of essential metabolites. (southampton.ac.uk)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Another potential treatment is starving liver cancer to death: Scientists at the University of Delaware and the University of Illinois at Chicago silenced a key cellular enzyme, hexokinase-2, an enzyme that helps cancer cells metabolize glucose, their food source. (nfcr.org)
We applied functional pathway analysis to show that HPV-positive cancers are characterised by perturbations of numerous cellular processes, predominantly in those linked to the cell cycle, mitosis, cytokine and immune cell signalling. (fortuneonline.org)
The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. (frontiersin.org)
There are two main mechanisms in the adaptive immune system-humoral immunity and cellular immunity, which are mediated by antibodies and cells respectively. (frontiersin.org)
T cells play a large role in the cellular immune response, while B cells are intimately involved in the humoral immune response. (frontiersin.org)
[ 2 ] Deletion or mutation of this gene results in decreased control of cellular proliferation and can contribute to the formation of an immortalized cell. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Mutation of this gene eliminates a crucial inhibitory signal for a cellular regulation pathway known as the Hedgehog pathway, which is named after a similar pathway found in Drosophila . (medscape.com)
Focusing on computational and statistical aspects of MR discovery, the ARACNe-MRA (Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks-Master Regulator Analysis) method has shown competent performance in this regard [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)

This initiates the STAT5, PIK3 and Ras MAPK pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Targeted inhibition of individual kinases of the MAPK signaling pathway using synthetic compounds represents a promising way to effective anti-cancer therapy. (mdpi.com)
We discuss cross-talk of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway with other signaling pathways, in particular interplay with the Hippo/MST pathway. (mdpi.com)

Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
These DE-miRNAs, hub genes and pathway were proved in arecoline-treated HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
These genes are involved in the PI3K-AKT pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
We performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and hub target genes analysis to illuminate potential biomarkers and related pathways in arecoline-induced cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
A microarray approach will be used to identify genes associated with breast cancer progression and cell biology and animal models will be used to understand the function of such genes. (mcgill.ca)
Numerous genes transcribed in oocytes are involved in multiple aspects of cell maintenance and protection, including metabolism, signal perception and transduction, RNA processing, cell cycle, defense against pathogens and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
This signaling TGX-221 price network, aswell as being linked to environmental elements influencing the chance of psychiatric disease, can be riddled with schizophrenia-associated or bipolar polymorphic genes whose items type the different parts of these pathways, connect to, or are managed by its element elements. (biotech2012.org)
Identification of master regulator (MR) genes offers a relatively rapid and efficient way to characterize disease-specific molecular programs. (aging-us.com)

The PI3K-PTEN pathway promotes cell survival and proliferation, increases in cell size, and chemoresistance. (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of the changes of migration and invasion, showed significant reduced LAPTM5 suppressed cell metastasis. (spandidos-publications.com)
DEGs Bcl3, ADGRG7, FABP4, IRF4, their regulating miRNAs and TFs have strong impact on proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer in bone tissues. (degruyter.com)
An essential process for promotion of metastasis is cancer cell invasion, which is controlled by several biological factors, most notably tumour proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
However when these pathways are altered in cancer cells, this acts to enhance cell invasion the first step of metastasis. (mcgill.ca)
We will exploit the use of substrate specific variants of the Met receptor to dissect signaling pathways essential for tumor induction and metastasis and will dissect signals that promote tumor angiogenesis. (mcgill.ca)
Metastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-associated mortality in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (thno.org)
WISP-2 suppressed GC cell metastasis through reversing EMT and suppressing the expression and activity of MMP9 and MMP2 via JNK and ERK. (abic2004.org)
Correspondingly, most cancer signaling pathways seem to converge on one or more TFs, termed "master regulators" (MRs) [ 4 ], which direct tumor development, progression, and metastasis through hierarchical control of gene expression patterns. (aging-us.com)

Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells unstabilizes CD147 through increasing its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, thereby inhibits lactate export and glycolysis, and ultimately suppresses RCC cell migration. (thno.org)

Among these significantly enriched pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolism were the most affected metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Not only is m7G involved in the normal physiological metabolism of RNA, but recent research also shows that m7G and related regulators appear to be considerably dysregulated in tumors [ 12 ]. (beds.ac.uk)
Rapid growth and division of cells in tumors are correlated with intensive nucleolar metabolism as a response to oncogenic factors overexpression. (biomedcentral.com)

Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
As a member of DNA helicase, knockdown of MCM4 caused cell cycle arrest at G1 stage through inducing the expression of P21, a CDK inhibitor. (bvsalud.org)
Stably introduced into cancer cell lines, the system reports on elevated endogenous ADAR1 editing activity induced by interferon as well as knockdown of ADAR1 and ADAR2. (cancerindex.org)
Intriguingly, overexpression of HSPA12A in RCC cells inhibited migration, whereas HSPA12A knockdown had the opposite effect. (thno.org)

Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
He carried out his postdoctoral training at the National Cancer Institute, NIH in the USA, where he established a role of p38MAPK in negative regulation of tumorigenesis and the key role of phosphatase Wip1 as a potent human oncogene - both directions are now widely pursued in the cancer field. (lifeboat.com)
Negative regulation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway is facilitated by the inositol polyphosphate 3-phosphatase PTEN, or by members of the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase family, which both degrade PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. (monash.edu)
He completed my graduate training in Dr. Michael Demetriou's lab studying the regulation of N-glycan branching in T cells, and its dysregulation in multiple sclerosis. (gr.jp)
Metabolic regulation of UDP-GlcNAc supply to Golgi N-glycan remodeling regulates glycoprotein affinities for galectins -and in turn, trafficking and presentation at the cell surface. (gr.jp)
The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)

Treatment with 2.5 µM arecoline increased the levels of miR-21-3p, miR-21-5p and miR-1267, upregulated the expression of PI3K-AKT pathway factors, CDK1, CCND1 but decreased RAF1 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
A low concentration arecoline can induce the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, with the potential mechanism of action linked to high levels of exosomal miR-21 and miR-1267, activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, upregulation of CDK1 and CCND1, and downregulation of RAF1. (biomedcentral.com)
The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is crucial for tumor cell survival. (senescence.info)
2006). The PI3K/Akt signalling pathway is strongly implicated in breast cancer, and published gene array studies have suggested that PIPP mRNA expression is positively associated estrogen receptor positive breast cancers and improved prognosis (van 't Veer et al. (monash.edu)
Collectively, this data suggests that PIPP negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signalling in mouse fibroblasts and human breast cancer cells. (monash.edu)
We propose a model whereby PIPP negatively regulates PI3K/Akt signalling at the plasma membrane in quiescent cells, and upon loss of PIPP, or mislocalisation of PIPP to the nucleus, increased PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-mediated signalling may lead to hyperproliferation, aberrant polarisation, anchorage-independent cell growth and increased cell survival, ultimately promoting breast cancer development. (monash.edu)

The galectin lattice (i) regulates flow of receptors and solute transporters to coated-pit endocytosis and/or caveolin domains, and (ii) promotes turnover of cell-cell contacts such as immune synapses and focal adhesion complexes. (gr.jp)
research into how NLRP12 regulates the JNK pathway is underway. (nfcr.org)
Using pharmacological approaches along with in vitro and in vivo experiments, we found that Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling regulates the pace of neuronal neogeneration by reducing NSC proliferation. (jneurosci.org)

Some studies showed that blocking cell cycle progression ameliorated fibrosis. (nature.com)
The microenvironment is fundamental in attracting tumor cells to the bone as well as promoting tumor progression. (degruyter.com)
Three separate cohorts of patients (with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, or follicular lymphoma) received buparlisib 100 mg once daily until progression, intolerance, or withdrawal of consent. (haematologica.org)
Instead ErbB3 silencing or nucleolar stress reduce cell proliferation and affect cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Many current and prospective treatments for cancer work by either inhibiting, or re-activating stress response pathways.Our work focuses on the role of regulators of gene transcription in the response of cancer cells to stress. (southampton.ac.uk)
Transcriptomic analyses provide an efficient approach to explore the temporal gene expression profiles in embryos and to search for the developmental regulators. (biomedcentral.com)
This class of noncoding RNAs is small, single stranded, and 19-25 nucleotide long that act as negative regulators involved in posttranscriptional silencing of the gene expression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Researchers looked at the signals sent by tumor cells in mice with and without the Nlrp12 gene. (nfcr.org)
The TP53 gene codes for a protein product that is a strong negative regulator of normal human cell growth and is thought to act as a tumor suppressor. (medscape.com)
Studies of both nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and sporadic basal cell carcinomas have shown mutations in the PATCHED gene. (medscape.com)

In this study, we explored the role of Plk1 in the classical kidney fibrosis model, UUO, and cultured fibroblast and renal tubular epithelial cells by using specific Plk1 inhibitors, genetic silencing, and heterozygous global knockout mice. (nature.com)
This is a complex question that requires a full understanding of how signals are integrated in normal cells and how these signals become altered in tumor cells, in the context of other genetic alterations. (mcgill.ca)
Evidence implicates another genetic pathway that may be involved in the transformation of cells in skin cancer. (medscape.com)

WNT signals are transduced to the canonical pathway for cell fate determination, and to the noncanonical pathway for control of cell movement and tissue polarity. (aacrjournals.org)
These data point to the existence of an ErbB3-mediated non canonical pathway that glioblastoma cells use to control ribosomes synthesis and cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)

2000. Results of the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay and the Balb/3T3 cell in vitro transformation assay for eight phthalate esters. (cdc.gov)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. (hindawi.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide, and the incidence rates have been steadily increasing [ 1 - 3 ]. (thno.org)

Since the EGFR signalling promotes proliferation in tumor the EGFR receptors often represent a marker of resistance with poor prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)

SOCS1, SOCS3 and CIS are also expressed which act as negative regulators of the cytokine signal. (wikipedia.org)

9 Due to its effects on B-cell signaling, dysregulation of PI3K signaling is associated with cancer development and may play a key role in the pathogenesis of NHL. (haematologica.org)
This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. (frontiersin.org)

During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)

Our aims are to identify what signal transduction pathways are important for the development of human cancers and how these can be targeted with drug therapies. (mcgill.ca)
Intensive study has demonstrated interactions with host-cell signal transduction and possibly eukaryotic transcription. (cdc.gov)

The burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) cells start erythropoietin receptor expression and are sensitive to erythropoietin. (wikipedia.org)
Precursors of red cells, the proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts also express erythropoietin receptor and are therefore affected by it. (wikipedia.org)
EPO binds to the erythropoietin receptor on the red cell progenitor surface and activates a JAK2 signalling cascade. (wikipedia.org)
High level erythropoietin receptor expression is localized to erythroid progenitor cells. (wikipedia.org)
The leucine-rich repeat protein LRIG1 is a negative regulator of ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases. (nature.com)
Deregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases in human cancers can occur through positive activation of the receptor or through the loss of negative regulatory controls. (mcgill.ca)
We have identified that Cbl a ubiquitin ligase acts as a negative regulatory signal for the Met receptor. (mcgill.ca)
The purinergic receptor has been shown to activate the pathway in astrocytes.37 It remains to be seen whether NMDA receptor activation affects protein translation in oligodendrocytes. (biotech2012.org)
The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. (jci.org)
Several members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family, have been identified in the nucleus and nucleolus of many cancer cells, but their function in these compartments remains unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)
[ 5 ] Ideally, SCID can be detected in a newborn before the onset of infections, with one well-documented example by screening of T-cell-receptor excision circles. (medscape.com)
In X-linked SCID, loss of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) function leads to the loss of a lymphocyte proliferation signal. (medscape.com)

Erythropoietin was reported to have a range of actions beyond stimulation of erythropoiesis including vasoconstriction-dependent hypertension, stimulating angiogenesis, and promoting cell survival via activation of EPO receptors resulting in anti-apoptotic effects on ischemic tissues. (wikipedia.org)

WNT signals are context-dependently transduced to both pathways based on the expression profile of WNT, SFRP, WIF, DKK, Frizzled receptors, coreceptors, and the activity of intracellular WNT signaling regulators. (aacrjournals.org)
In normal cells, Met acts to relay signals from the cell surface that promote tissue organisation. (mcgill.ca)
We will focus on signals required for anchorage independent growth, morphological cell transformation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, cell invasion and tumorigenesis. (mcgill.ca)
Today, it is generally thought that the combination of determinants deposited by the mother during oogenesis and the inductive signals between different cells trigger the specification of different cell lineages during development of the embryo [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleolar activity is also influenced by the interaction between pathways activated from extracellular signals in order to coordinate ribosome synthesis and cell proliferation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we investigated the effect of arecoline on the proliferation and migration of human HepG2 hepatoma cells and its potential oncogenic mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Compared with control group, 2.5 µM arecoline treatment increased the proliferation and migration ability of the HepG2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Lactate export is known to play an important role in cancer cell migration. (thno.org)
The migration of RCC cells was evaluated by wound healing and Transwell migration assays. (thno.org)
Kd of WISP-2 expression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. (abic2004.org)
Conclusions: Increased expression of WISP-2 in GC is positively correlated with favourable clinical features and the survival of patients with GC and is a negative regulator of growth, migration and invasion in GC cells. (abic2004.org)
1.12?inhibitor STK870702, the migration distance of HGC27 WISP-2 kd cells (Resistance) decreased significantly as the concentration increased from 0.112 to 1 1.125?inhibitor did not change the migration distance of pEF cells significantly at any concentrations (*(B) and JNK (C) pathways. (abic2004.org)

A particular interest of our work has been how HDM2 and HDMX protein synthesis is controlled in response to cell-signalling pathways in different cell types, and how this affects p53 function in these cells. (southampton.ac.uk)
Stress-Activated Pathways Inhibit Protein Synthesis and Activate ATF4 Viral infection, glucose or amino acid deprivation, heat shock, heavy metals, as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, activate a common signaling network, whose principal goals are to shut down protein synthesis and to activate defense mechanisms in an attempt to combat these stresses or, if unsuccessful, to activate apoptotic cascades (figure 1). (biotech2012.org)
Thus, the control of ribosome assembly and protein synthesis is essential for the survival of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Each of these biological outcomes results from the interaction of this pathway with other signaling networks. (biomedcentral.com)
The galectin lattice is a multi-valent interaction of galectins with glycoproteins at the cell surface that displays rapid exchange of binding partners with properties of liquid-liquid phase transitions, thereby acting as an intermediary between freely diffusing glycoproteins and stable complexes in the membrane. (gr.jp)
An interaction of HSPA12A with HRD1 ubiquitin E3 ligase was detected in RCC cells. (thno.org)
Pharmacological experiments show that Nogo-66/NgR1 interaction reduces the proliferation of NSCs. (jneurosci.org)
Pinkus considered the tumor to be a variant of basal cell carcinoma, which illustrated the interaction and interdependence of stromal and epithelial components of basal cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Our HCC signature covered well-established liver cancer hallmarks, and network analyses revealed coordinated interaction between several MRs. One novel MR, SEC14L2 , exerted an anti-proliferative effect in HCC cells and strongly suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model. (aging-us.com)
In this context, during any sort of stress condition the alternative reading frame protein p14ARF subtracts MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, from the interaction with p53 in manner to free and stabilise p53 level in the nucleolus of the cell where it inhibits RNA polymerase I activity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell motility analysis indicated that WISP-2 kd contributed to GC cells' motility and can be attenuated by PLC-and JNK small inhibitors. (abic2004.org)
Incubation of HGC27 WISP-2 kd cells with both 0.75?small inhibitors and 1.5?with WISP2 tumour/normal ratio are an interesting observation. (abic2004.org)

After the optimization, derivatives of small-molecule compound and human monoclonal antibody targeted to the WNT signaling pathway could be used in cancer medicine. (aacrjournals.org)
Sensitive ADAR editing reporter in cancer cells enables high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries. (cancerindex.org)
In a single-well setup we used the reporter in HeLa cells to screen a small molecule library of 33 000 compounds. (cancerindex.org)

Furthermore, PIPP was lost in ~78% of the clinically aggressive triple negative subtype of breast cancers. (monash.edu)
Interestingly, both immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis of the PIPP protein in PIPP-positive triple negative breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines demonstrated loss of PIPP from the cytoplasm. (monash.edu)
The p53 tumour suppressor protein is a key component of one such stress-response pathway, and virtually all cancers loose functionality of the p53-stress response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)

Loss of this inhibition results in increased expression of the GLI family of transcription factors, promoting cell growth. (medscape.com)

Recent studies have provided new insights into the origin, specification and fate of mammary stem and progenitor cells and into how the differentiated lineages that comprise the functional mammary gland are determined. (biologists.com)

Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

We found that the levels of B cells, T cells, and NK cells were similar, IC-expressing CD4 + and CD4 + CD8 + double positive T cells were higher, while CD8 + T cells and CD4 − CD8 − double negative T cells were significantly lower in CRC tumors. (mdpi.com)
The downregulation of Notch3 enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin in the QGY7701 and HepG2 cells and inhibited the ability of QGY7701 cells to form tumors. (oncotarget.com)

We will continue to identify key regulators of epithelial cell motility and invasion. (mcgill.ca)

although it is derived from cells of the renal tubular epithelium, it has several histological subtypes which differ in their clinical outcome and biological features. (hindawi.com)
Here, we review the most recent findings regarding the detection techniques, distribution, biological functions and Regulators of m7G. (beds.ac.uk)

As ErbB-family ligands and receptors are highly expressed within the stem-cell niche 7 , we hypothesize that strong endogenous regulators must control the pathway in the stem-cell compartment. (nature.com)
Our findings reveal ErbB activation as a strong inductive signal for stem-cell proliferation. (nature.com)
Figure 4: Lrig1 controls endogenous signalling through the ErbB pathway. (nature.com)
Prezygotic transcripts included multiple regulators that are most likely involved in developmental processes that take place long after fertilization, such as components of ErbB, hedgehog, notch, retinoid, TGFb, VEGF and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as transcripts involved in the development of nervous system. (biomedcentral.com)

Intriguingly, EBV miRNAs directly suppress host antiviral immunity by interfering with antigen presentation and immune cell activation. (ijbs.com)
5 Combining rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD20 antigen on B cells, with standard chemotherapy has improved NHL treatment outcomes. (haematologica.org)
Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
The adipocyte was reported as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) which expresses CD1d and MHC class I and II molecules. (frontiersin.org)
However, there is no clear evidence that adipocytes interact directly with CD8 + T cells through antigen:MHCI complex. (frontiersin.org)
Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)
ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)

In parallel, we found that Notch3 attenuation resulted in the upregulation of β-catenin and the downregulation of Nanog in the hepatoma cell lines QGY7701 and HepG2. (oncotarget.com)

Hck also acts as a negative regulator of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced proliferation of granulocytic precursors, suggesting a possible role in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (umbc.edu)

Stress-response pathways play a key role in the patho-physiology and treatment of many diseases, including cancer.At almost every stage of the development of a tumour, cells are exposed to some form of stress. (southampton.ac.uk)

Tumor suppressors, oncogenes and alternatively deregulated upstream signalling pathways can directly influence the RNA polymerase I activity inducing hyper activation of rRNA transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Activating mutations upstream may also underlie some epigenetic or within the ERK1/2 cascade are events that change cell signalling. (who.int)

The three germ layers and the body plan of the mature organism are established during gastrulation, and the period is characterized by extensive cell movements and intracellular communications [ 21 , 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

HPV-infection imparts specific changes in the regulatory network of infected cancer cells that are of diagnostic, prognostic and importance. (fortuneonline.org)

Doctors found that by knocking out Nqo1, the metabolic adaptation needed to enable liver cancer cell proliferation was rendered inert. (nfcr.org)

Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
We investigated the expression of immune checkpoints (ICs) on lymphoid populations within the CRC TME and compared with cells from normal colon tissues using samples from 50 patients with varying disease stages. (mdpi.com)
This study sought to determine whether the conserved Hippo pathway , critical for proportional growth in other tissues, also functions in NMJ development. (sdbonline.org)

Jensen, K. B. & Watt, F. M. Single-cell expression profiling of human epidermal stem and transit-amplifying cells: Lrig1 is a regulator of stem cell quiescence. (nature.com)
EBV miRNAs also inhibit the expression of viral antigens, thereby enabling infected cells to escape immune recognition. (ijbs.com)
Furthermore, among colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases, the 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in patients with positive PTEN expression compared to those with negative PTEN expression ( p = 0.012). (biomedcentral.com)
NOTUM expression was increased in metastatic cells. (cusabio.com)
Proliferation was suppressed by inhibiting expression of NOTUM. (cusabio.com)

During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Osteoclasts are bone cells derived from monocyte/macrophage lineage and are exclusively responsible for bone resorption, which contributes to skeletal development, bone homeostasis, and remodeling. (frontiersin.org)
The nucleolus is a subnuclear, non-membrane bound domain that is the hub of ribosome biogenesis and a critical regulator of cell homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)

An elaborate network of signaling pathways orchestrates the communication between cancer cells and the surrounding stroma. (degruyter.com)
In the late 1990s work from a number of groups, including Blaydes et al , demonstrated that HDM2 could be targeted in cancer cells to re-activate the p53 stress-response pathway. (southampton.ac.uk)
We have undertaken a series of projects examining how HDM2, and its paralogue HDMX is regulated in cancer cells (see Phillips et al, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006a, 2006b and Phelps et al 2005, 2003). (southampton.ac.uk)
Both combinations acted like one-two punches against cancer cells and could lead to new therapies in the future. (nfcr.org)
Phycocyanin lowers the amount of cyclooxygenase-2 which is up regulated in cancer cells. (nutraculture.com)

In summary, the evidence provided in this thesis suggests that PIPP may be a putative tumour suppressor protein that is frequently lost or mislocalised in aggressive triple-negative breast tumours. (monash.edu)
MCM4 was highly expressed in LUAD tumours and cells, and had an important effect on the overall survival. (bvsalud.org)
Together with the data which showed a tumour-suppressive role of WISP2 in GC cell lines, it is suggested that the levels of WISP2 transcript in tumours, rather than the tumour-to-normal ratio is an more appropriate reflection of the role of WISP2 in GC. (abic2004.org)
It responds poorly to immunotherapy for instance, despite this approach often succeeding in enlisting immune cells to fight tumours in other organs. (elifesciences.org)
Not only do these wrap pancreatic tumours in a dense, protective layer, they also foster complex relationships with the cancerous cells: some fibroblasts may fuel tumour growth, while other may help to contain its spread. (elifesciences.org)

Figure 3: Loss of Lrig1 causes crypt and stem-cell expansion. (nature.com)
Morrison, S. J. & Spradling, A. C. Stem cells and niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life. (nature.com)
Breakage of the stem cell signaling network leads to carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
SCID is considered a pediatric emergency because survival depends on expeditious stem cell reconstitution, usually by bone marrow transplantation (BMT). (medscape.com)

Our studies have progressed from studies of the basic mechanisms whereby CtBPs control breast cancer proliferation and survival (Birts et al 2011 and Bergman et al 2009, 2006a) to their impact on the response to current chemotherapies (Birts et al 2010) to the demonstration that CtBPs are themselves a therapeutically tractable potential molecular target for cancer therapy (Birts et al 2013). (southampton.ac.uk)
Tight control of cell proliferation and morphogenesis is required to ensure normal tissue patterning and prevent cancer. (mcgill.ca)
As an outcome of the two-part signalling and/or cell-cycle control. (who.int)

In Drosophila, Hpo and Warts kinases are core components of this pathway and function as tumor suppressors by inhibiting Yorkie (Yki) . (sdbonline.org)
At the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) , the retrograde BMP pathway is part of the machinery that controls NMJ expansion concurrent with larval growth. (sdbonline.org)

Surprisingly, Tao function in NMJ growth is independent of the Hippo pathway. (sdbonline.org)

Understanding the mechanistic difference between RANKL-mediated physiological and TNF-mediated inflammatory osteoclastogenesis, and especially TNF-induced intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms, will strengthen the development of therapeutic approaches to treat pathological bone destruction in disease settings and prevent negative side effects on bone remodeling and immunity. (frontiersin.org)
In this study, we explore different signaling pathways and associated molecular mechanisms of underlying primary breast cancer development, along with the formation of metastases in the bone. (degruyter.com)

Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that adipocytes have immunological functions capable of recruiting and activating immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
and a variety of immune cells. (biologists.com)

Hck is present in myeloid and lymphoid cells that play a role in the development of cancer. (umbc.edu)

Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
The malformations have a normal endothelial cell growth cycle that affects the veins, the capillaries, or the lymphatics, and they do not involute. (medscape.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms14

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Differentiation16

Apoptosis11

Proteins19

Kinase13

Regulate6

Cellular13

MAPK3

Genes8

Survival and proliferation1

Metastasis8

Hepatocellular carcinoma1

Suppresses1

Metabolism3

Knockdown4

Regulation6

PI3K-AKT6

Regulates3

Progression4

Gene6

Genetic3

Canonical pathway2

Assay1

Renal Cell Carc3

Promotes proliferation1

Cytokine1

Role in the pathogenesis2

Cytokines4

Signal Transduction2

Receptor12

Angiogenesis1

Signals5

Migration7

Protein synthesis3

Interaction8

Inhibitors2

Small molecule3

Cancers3

Inhibition1

Progenitor1

Viability1

Tumors2

Motility1

Biological2

ErbB4

Antigen8

Downregulation1

Precursors1

Tumour cells1

Upstream2

Intracellular1

Regulatory1

Metabolic1

Tissues3

Expression5

Transformation1

Homeostasis2

Cancer cells5

Tumours5

Stem cell4

Control3

Drosophila2

Hippo1

Mechanisms2

Immune cells2

Lymphoid Cells1

Growth2